BY

P.BALAMURUGAN
TYRE
 Definition
A tire is a ring-shaped vehicle component that
covers the wheel's rim to protect it and enable better
vehicle performance.
 Parts of tyre
Beads:
Two rings that are made of steel wire and encased in rubber. They hold tire
side walls snugly against the rim and prevent tyre from coming off body.

Plies:
Rubberized fabric and cords wrapped around beads. Form carcass or body
of the tyre.
Tread:
Outer surface of the tyre that comes in contact with the road.
Sidewall:
Outer part of the tyre that extends from the bead to the tread. Marking on
the sidewall provides the information about the tyre.
Liner:
Thin layer of rubber that is bonded to the inside of the plies. Provides a leak
proof membrane for tubeless tires.

Belts:
Used to strengthen the body plies and stiffen the tread. Lie between tread
and plies
 Type of tyre

According to tread pattern design

According to carcass

According to construction
According to tread pattern design

Summer tires

Winter tires

All season tires

Summer tires:
They deliver excellent driving and braking performance on
wet and dry roads.

Winter tires:
Specifically for the snow and ice covered roads.

All season tires:

More complex tread pattern.
Summer tyre Winter tyre

All season tyre

 According to carcass

Belted-Bias Tyre

Cross Ply Tyre

Radial Ply Tyre

Cross Ply Tyre:
 Ply cords are woven at angle of 30 to 40 degree to the tyre axis.
 Two layers that runs in opposite direction however the cords are not woven
like warp.

Radial Ply Tyre:

Ply cords run in the radial direction i.e. in the direction of the tyre axis.
 Over this runs a number of breaker strips in the circumferential direction.
Belted-Bias Tyre

Combination of both the radial and cross ply type.

Basic construction is the bias ply over which run a
number of breaker belts .
The belt improve the characteristic of the bias ply to a
large extent.
Radial ply Cross ply

Belted bias
According to construction:

Conventional tube Tubeless Tyre

Tyre
 Conventional tube Tyre

The sidewall is a protective rubber coating on the outside of the tyre carcass and is
designed to resist cutting, abrasion, and cracking.
To prevent the tyre from being thrown off from the rim, the plies are attached to the
two rings of bundles of bronze coated high tension steel wire strands insulated with
rubber.
A radial load tyre normally has one such bundle in the lead whereas a cross ply
tyre for off road use may have two or three bundles.
 Tubeless Tyre

Don’t need separate tube in the air which is under immense pressure is filled in the
tyre itself for this purpose a non-return valve is fitted to the rim.
Based on the construction, almost similar to tubed tyre except lined on inside with a
special air retaining liner made of halogenated rubber like Bromo-butyl or Chloro-
butyl for better performance.
Major difference between the tubed tyre and the tubeless tyre lies in the bead area of
the tyre.
Rib shape:
As the name implies the design of this pattern is like a rib
shape.

Asymmetric pattern:
Asymmetric tire haven a different tread design on the
inside to the outside.
Block shape:-
This type of pattern as the name suggests has a block
shape design.

Zigzag shape:-
This is a classic tread design for a van.
 Tyre Markings

SIDEWALL MARKINGS

 Most tires are described by an alphanumeric tire code

which is generally molded into the sidewall of the tire.

 This code specifies the dimensions of the tires and some of its key limitations,
such as load bearing ability, and maximum speed.
Sidewall marking