LIVE EXPERIENCES OF GRADE 11 STUDENTS OF ST.

LUKES INSTITUTE
USING   IN AUTOMATIC AND MANUAL TRANSMISSION

ESMAEL,JAY MARK
PEREZ,MICHAEL
LONGYAPON,ISIAH
CASPILLA,JIAN
COSMIANO,JASON
BALAH,DATUAN
TAUSI,KENNEDY

Thesis Outline Submitted to St. Luke's Institute, Rizal Avenue

Kabacan, North Cotabato in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in
Practical Research 1

                                                                 
 INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Nowadays, every vehicles manufacturer gives both transmission options in most

of their cars, motorcycles, machines and etc. so when any one wants to purchase their

vehicles first thing come on his/her mind is that which transmission system is best

suited for their needs.

In the recent times the craze for automatic transmission vehicles has increased

to great extent. Many people are attracted towards automatic transmission car. But it

didn’t decrease the sale of manual transmission car. Many companies of car

Manufacturing has manufactures both automatic and manual transmission cars. A

transmission basically transfers the power from a car’s engine to drive shaft and the

wheels. The gears present inside the transmission change the drive wheel speed and

torque in relation to the engine speed and torque (pulling power), Lower gear ratios

helps the engine to build up enough of power so that the car can accelerate easily from

a halt. The transmission is a device that is connected to the back of the engine and

sends the power from the engine to the drive wheels. An automobile engine runs at

its best at a certain RPM (Revolutions per Minute) range and it is the transmission's job

to make sure that the power is delivered to the wheels while keeping the engine

within that range. It does this through various gear combinations. In first gear, the
engine turns much faster in relation to the drive wheels, while in high gear the engine

is loafing even though the car may be going in excess of 70 MPH. In addition to the

various forward gears, a transmission also has a neutral position which disconnects

the engine from the drive wheels, and reverse, which causes the drive wheels to turn

in the opposite direction allowing you to back up. Finally, there is the Park position. In

this position, a latch mechanism (not unlike a deadbolt lock on a door) is inserted

into a slot in the output shaft to lock the drive wheels and keep them from turning,

thereby preventing the vehicle from rolling (Brown N. 2001).

According to the study of Marco T. (2009), a manual transmission, also known as

a manual gearbox, stick shift, or standard transmission is a type of transmission

used in motor vehicle applications. It uses a driver-operated clutch engaged and

disengaged by a foot pedal (automobile) or hand lever (motorcycle), for regulating

torque transfer from the engine to the transmission; and a gear stick operated by

foot (motorcycle) or by hand (automobile). There is no doubt that a Manual adds the fun

in driving due to the changing of gears but as also increase complexity of driving

and required more concentration. In city driving, especially like of India where there are

mammoth traffic jams, a Manual gearbox could prove to be tiresome to shift in every

next moment.

On the other hand, Maxworn H. (2011) stated that An automatic transmission

(also called automatic gearbox) is a type of motor vehicle transmission that can

automatically change gear ratios as the vehicle moves, freeing the driver from

having to shift gears manually. Most automatic transmissions have a defined set of

gear ranges, often with a parking pawl feature that locks the output shaft of the
transmission stroke face. The Automatic Transmission performs the job automatically

depending upon the speed and here a hydraulic torque converter takes the place of

clutch plate mechanism saving you from the hassle of pressing a clutch.

Automatic transmissions have various modes depending on the model and make of the

transmission. Some of the common modes include, Park (P) this selection

mechanically locks the output shaft of transmission, restricting the vehicle from

moving in any direction. Reverse (R) this engages reverse gear within the

transmission, permitting the vehicle to be driven backward. Neutral / No gear (N) this

disengages all gear trains within the transmission. Drive (D) this position allows the

transmission to engage the full range of available forward gear ratios.

Aside from the studies that talks about the comparison and definitions of

Automatic and Manual Transmission, the study of Willy D. (2020) emphasized that

vehicle users are commonly having difficulties in choosing their transmissions since

these two have their own strength and weaknesses. Therefore, the goals of this study

are to collect, analyse and interpret data about the lived experiences of the students in

using automatic and manual transmission, it also include on how an automatic and

manual transmission work as students’ choice and the possible benefits does the

students can get of choosing an automatic or manual transmission.

Research Questions

1. What are the lived experiences of the students in using automatic and manual

transmission?
2. How, does an automatic and manual transmission work as students’ choice?

3. What are the benefits does the students can get of choosing an automatic or manual

transmission?

Significance of the Study

   Basically, automatic transmissions are easier to use and more comfortable for

the driver, while manual transmission vehicles are less expensive and more involved. Of

course, there are exceptions to any rule and the only way to be sure which one is right

for you is to go for a test drive.  The result of this study will be beneficial to the following:

For the students, the experiences of grade 11 students who are using

automatic and manual transmission, and to open their minds to how the vehicle's

automatic transmission works.

             For the Parents, it will help our children to develop their thinking about

automatic and manual transmission and to know how it will work.

            For the Future Researcher, this will give them more information serves as

reference or guide for their studies regarding to Automatic and Manual Transmission.

Expected output of the study

This study is expected to determine the lived experiences of the Grade 11

students of St. Lukes Institute Inc—Kabacan in using automatic and manual

transmissions.
Operational Definition of Terms

Lived Experiences- a depiction of a person's experiences and decisions, as well

as the knowledge gained from these experiences and choices.

Automatic Transmission- a multi-speed transmission used in motor vehicles that

does not require any input from the driver to change forward gears under normal driving

conditions.

Manual Transmissions- a gear box that enables the driver to choose between

different gear ratios to drive the car. 

Theoretical Framework 

The working principle theory of the transmission system on both manual and the

automatic system is quite easy and interesting. In my previous article, the transmission

system was explained as the mechanism that transmits the power created by an

automobile engine to the driving wheels is called the TRANSMISSION SYSTEM (or

POWER TRAIN). As the engine needs to convert its mechanical power to the drive

wheels, the transmission has a great part to play. These include varies the torque, the

direction, the speed, and allows the car to start at high torque (Allan W. 2014).

Consistent with Allan W. (2014), most drivers prefer manual transmission system

over automatic transmission system in their vehicle. Well, they both have their benefits

and limitation which is explained in another post. The working of a manual transmission
system contains a set of gears along with a pair of shafts which is the input and output

shafts. The gear on the first shaft engages with those on the other shaft. The ratio

between the selected gear on the input shaft and the gear engaged on the output shaft

determines the overall gear ratio for that gear. Gears are engaged in manual

transmission system by moving the shift lever. The engagement is done by the linkages

that control the movement of the gears along the input shaft. Cars with four gears or

speed have two linkages and cars with five or six speeds has uses three linkages. This

linkages changes by moving the shift lever left and right. Clutch plays an important role

in the working of the manual transmission as disconnect the engine from the input shaft

of the transmission when pressed. It frees the gears on the input shaft causing it to

easily move as the engine is sending torque through the input shaft. This caused the

engagement. The clutch is said to be disconnected when the clutch lever is not press.

Once the clutch disconnects the power from the engine to the transmission, the driver

easily selects the gear and release the clutch. Releasing the clutch allowed engine

power to be reengaged to the input shaft which makes the car to move at the selected

gear ratio.

On the other hand, in the working automatic transmission system, the same

process occurs just as the manual transmission but it happens backdoor and

automatically. The clutch is eliminated in this situation and the transmission relies on the

torque converter for the desired speed gears.

When the engine is spinning slowing, a very little torque is transmitted through a

fluid and turbine inside the torque converter. And when the engine is spinning quickly,
all of the engine’s torque is transferred to the transmission. The torque converter is the

reason why cars with automatic transmission move slowly forward when idling an in the

drive. A small amount of the engine’s torque is being supplied to the transmission’s

input shaft. As the torque converter is handling the connection of the transmission’s

input from the engine. the gears inside the transmission are engaged without the

driver’s direct instruction. The transmission uses a single concentric shaft with a set of

gears inside and around each other in a planetary arrangement including a sun gear. A

planet carrier holds the multiple-planet gears and a ring gear.

The planetary gear set functions by changing the rate of input to output gear

speeds through the engagement of one gear to another. The range of available ratios

depends on which is engaged to which. There is a complete hydraulic system or control

system that engaged the set of planetary gears at a given time. This hydraulic control

system is controlled by an electronic control unit programmed. The gear sets are

connected to the engine’s input by a series of internal clutches, which is controlled by

the computer and hydraulic system. It helps the engine to determine the gear ratio that

will be output through the output shaft to the drive shaft of the wheel (Marcial, L. 2008).

Limitations of the study

          Generally, this study focuses mainly on the lived experiences of the students in

using automatic and manual transmissions.The participants of the study is also limited

to the Grade 11 students of St. Lukes Institute Inc—Kabacan for the school year 2022-

2023.
                                                                    

                                           REVIEW OF RELATED LITERALTURE

To gain more information and to gain a wider view of the study, a review of related

literature will be presented. Books as well as published and unpublished thesis and

dissertation and the use of internet are included in this review. These materials are in

one way or another related in the study. 

Fuel Economy

The manual transmission couples the engine to the transmission with a rigid clutch

instead of the torque converter on an automatic transmission or the v-belt of a

continuously variable transmission, which slip by nature. Manual transmissions also

lack the parasitic power consumption of the automatic transmission’s hydraulic pump.

Because of this, manual transmissions generally offer better fuel economy than

automatic or continuously variable transmissions; however the disparity has been

somewhat offset with the introduction of locking torque converters on automatic

transmissions. Increased fuel economy with a properly operated manual

transmission vehicle versus an equivalent automatic transmission vehicle can

range from 5% to about 15% depending on driving conditions and style of driving.

Many current models (2010 and on) come with manual modes, or overrides on

automatic models, although the degree of control varies greatly by the manufacturer.

Also, manual transmissions do not require active cooling and because they are,

mechanically, much simpler than automatic transmissions, they generally weigh less

than comparable automatics, which can improve economy in stop-and-go traffic.

However this gap in economy is being rapidly closed and many mid to higher end

model automatic cars now get better economy than their standard spec

counterparts. This is in part due to the increasing impact of computers coordinating

multiple systems, particularly in hybrid models in which the engine and drive motors

must be managed (Darwin M. 2020).

Durability

According to Bradley L. (2019), because manual transmissions are mechanically

simpler, are more easily manufactured, and have fewer moving parts than automatic

transmissions, they require less maintenance and are easier as well as cheaper

to repair. Due to their mechanical simplicity, they often last longer than automatic

transmissions when used by a skilled driver. Typically, there are no electrical

components, pumps and cooling mechanisms (in the manual transmission), other than

an internal switch to activate reversing lighting. These attributes become extremely vital

with a vehicle stuck in mud, snow, etc. The back and forth rocking motion of the vehicle

drivers use to dislodge a stuck vehicle can prove fatal to automatic transmissions.
The vast majority of automatic transmission hydraulics is not designed to be shifted

between drive and reverse multiple times in rapid sequence.

Cost

The price of a new car with a manual transmission will commonly be lower

than the same car with an automatic transmission. Clutches are ware item which

may need to be replaced at some point in the vehicle's lifespan; however the service

life of the clutch depends on the skill of the driver and the operating conditions.

Performance and Control

Manual transmissions generally offer a wider selection of gear ratios. Many

vehicles offer a 5-speed or 6-speed manual, whereas the automatic option would

typically be a 4-speed. This is generally due to the increased space available inside a

manual transmission compared with an automatic, since the latter requires extra

components for self-shifting, such as torque converters and pumps. However,

automatic transmissions are now adding more speeds as the technology matures. The

increased number gears allows for better use of the engine's power band, allowing

increased fuel economy, by staying in the most fuel-efficient part of the power band,

or higher performance, by staying closer to the engine's peak power.

Engine Braking
 In contrast to most manual gearboxes, most automatic transmissions have

far less effective engine braking. This means that the engine does not slow the car

as effectively when the automatic transmission driver releases the engine speed

control. This leads to more usage of the brakes in cars with automatic transmissions,

bringing shorter brake life. Brakes are also more likely to overheat in hilly or

mountainous areas, causing reduced braking ability brake fade and the potential for

complete failure with the automatic transmission vehicle. Complexity and learning curve

For most people, there is a slight learning curve with a manual transmission, which

may be intimidating and unappealing for an inexperienced driver. Because the

driver must develop a feel for properly engaging the clutch, an inexperienced

driver will often stall the engine. Most drivers can learn how to drive a car with a

manual transmission in as little as an hour, although it may take weeks before it

becomes "second nature." Additionally, if an inexperienced driver selects an

inappropriate gear by mistake, damage to mechanical components and even loss of

control may occur (Dwell S. 2001).

Shifting speed

Some automatic transmissions can shift ratios faster than a manual gear change

can be accomplished, due to the time required for the average driver to push the

clutch pedal to the floor and move the gearstick from one position to another. This is

especially true in regards to dual clutch transmissions, which are specialized computer-

controlled manual transmissions.

Ease of Use

Because manual transmissions requires the operation of an extra pedal, and

keeping the car in the correct gear at all times, they require a bit more concentration,

especially in heavy traffic situations. The automatic transmissions, on the other

hand, simply require the driver to speed up or slow down as needed, with the car doing

the work of choosing an appropriate gear. Manual transmissions also place a greater

workload on the driver in heavy traffic situations, when the driver must operate the

clutch pedal quite often. Because the clutch pedal can require a substantial amount of

force, especially on large trucks, and the long pedal travel compared to the brake

or accelerator requires moving the entire leg, not just the foot near the ankle, a manual

transmission can cause fatigue, and is more difficult for weak or injured people to drive.

Likewise, manual transmissions require the driver to remove one hand periodically

from the steering wheel while the vehicle is in motion, which can be difficult or

impossible to do safely for people with a missing or impaired arm, and requires

increased coordination, even for those with full of both hands.

 METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methods and procedures that will be used in this study which

include research design of the respondents of the study, role of the researcher,

research participants and materials to be used, data collection procedure and data

analysis.

Research Design

        This research will used descriptive-qualitative research design consider

appropriate because it enables the researcher to generate non-numerical data through

in-depth interview procedures. The descriptive part will be used to determine the Lived

Experiences of Grade 11 Students of St. Luke's Institute in using Automatic and Manual

Transmission. The qualitative part will be used to investigate the students’ Lived

Experiences in using Automatic and Manual Transmission ng for the school year 2022-

2023.

Role of the Researcher

       The researcher will conduct this study to collect, analyse, and interpret data about

the Lived Experiences of Grade 11 students  of  St. Lukes Institute in Automatic and

Manual Transmission. The researcher is expected to show ethical consideration to the

participants, to the gathered data and result of the study. 

Research Participants and Materials

       The participants of this study will be four (4) purposively selected automotive

students of the St. Lukes Institute--Kabacan. They should be regular students who are

currently using Automatic and Manual Transmission.

         The researcher will utilized self-made questionnaire instrument for in-depth

interview validated by the expert named Marodjim V. Bautista, These includes letter of

permission in conducting this study. The researcher will be used recorder specifically

cell phone device to record the responses of the participants. 

Data Collection 

         A letter of permission to conduct this study was sent to the St. Lukes Institute

Faculty spepcifically to ________________ and ____________. After the approval, a

letter of consent will be forwarded to the selected participants of the study. Upon the

approval of all, the researcher will personally orient the participants regarding the

mechanics of research work, and then administer the interview following the guide

questions for in-depth interview. 

         The researcher will used recorder specifically cell phone device to obtain the

responses of the participants. The data gathered from the respondents will be analysed

and interpreted.

Data Analysis

This study will utilize the following data tools in analyzing the gathered data. This

research study will use thematic analysis to determine the lived experiences of the

participants, how does an automatic and manual transmission work as students’ choice

and the benefits does the students can get of choosing an automatic or manual

transmission.

Validity 

The researcher will have her research guide questionnaires subjected for face

validation to the expert named Marodjim V. Bautista, prior to administration of the

interview. After validation, the researcher will now formally administer the interview with

the used of the validated guide questionnaires. The face validity considered the most

basic type of validity and it is associated with a highest level of subjectivity; ensuring

that the survey questionnaires of this study does not contain common errors such as

leading, confusing or double-barrelled questions.

Ethical Considerations 

           The researcher will give the participants a written consent form, and they will

discuss with them the benefits and condition of their participation. The participants will
voluntarily join the study, and they may express their withdrawal anytime or discontinue

the interview or request that their interview data be disregarded at any time. The

researchers will be securing the data for privacy purposes. All participants will be

treated fairly and will not be discriminated against any way. The recorded video and

verbal interview shall not be uploaded to any online platforms and will not be reused

        The participants will be assigned a code name. The list connecting their name to

the code name and this informed consent will be kept. When the study is completed and

the data have been analyzed, the list and the recorded files will be destroyed. 

The researchers would also ask the participants for permission to record the session

during the interview. The recording will be used to transcribe the results. The study  use

one research instrument, the in-depth interview guide done personally. It will be utilized

to explore the Lived Experiences of Grade 11 students of St. Lukes Institute Inc--

Kabacan in using Automatic and Manual Transmission for the school year 2022-2023.
 LITERATURE CITED

Allan, W. (2014). Berlin; New York: Springer. Web.The ZF automatic transmission

9HP48 transmission system, design and mechanical parts. SAE International Journal of
Passenger Cars-Mechanical Systems, 6(2013-01-1276), 908-917.

Bradley, L. (2019). Automotive transmissions, fundamentals, selection, design and

application. Berlin; London: Springer. Web.

Brown, N. (2001).The principles of design. New York : Oxford University Press. Web.

Darwin, M. (2020).Automotive engineering: powertrain, chassis system and vehicle

body. Oxford, UK ; Burlington, MA : Butterworth-Heinemann. Web.

Dwell, S. (2001).“Comparative Study between Automatic and Manual

Transmission Car” International Conference on Mechanical, Automobile and
Biodiesel Engineering (ICMABE'2012) Oct. 6-7, 2012 Dubai (UAE).

Marcial, L. (2008). “Challenges and Opportunities In Automotive Transmission Control

American Control Conference, June 8-10, 2005. Portland, OR, USA.

Marco, T. (2009). A Text book of Auto Transmission and Electrical systems ( a text book
for +2 Vocational Education) by K.S Raghu ram.

Maxworn, H. (2011). Automatic Transmission Basics by Toyota technical training

manual.
Willy, D. (2020). Modeling of an automated manual transmission system. Bologna:

University of Bologna. Kuroiwa, H., Naoyuki O., Takashi