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Home  Ubuntu  How To Fix Broken Ubuntu OS Without Reinstalling It

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How To Fix Broken Ubuntu OS Without Reinstalling

It
Written by Sk Published: April 25, 2020 Last Updated on January 29, 2023 253.8k views

 63 comments 33        

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Just in case if your Ubuntu system is crashed due to power failure or network connectivity issue in the middle of
the Upgrade process, you might end up with broken Ubuntu Linux. In such cases, you can easily x broken
Ubuntu OS without reinstalling it from scratch, and also without losing data as described below.

Introduction
Today, I was upgrading my Ubuntu LTS system. Unfortunately, the power has gone in the middle of the
upgrade process and the system is powered o abruptly while the packages are being upgraded.

When the power is back, I did boot the system again. Right after entering the login password in my Ubuntu
system, it's gone blank and didn't respond. Keyboard and mouse also didn't work.

All I see is just a blank screen! Thankfully, It's just a test machine and there were no important data in it. I can
simply wipe o the entire OS and install Ubuntu again.

But, I don't want to do that. Since I got nothing to lose, I just wanted to repair my broken Ubuntu system
without reinstalling it completely. To my luck, it worked!!!

Now let us see how to recover the broken Ubuntu Linux system, without reinstalling it.

Fix Broken Ubuntu OS Without Reinstalling It

1. First of all, try to login with live cd and backup your data in an external drive. Just in case, if this tutorial
didn't work, you can still have your data and reinstall everything!

2. At the login screen, press CTRL+ALT+F1 to switch to tty1 . You can learn more about switching between TTYs
here.

3. Now, type the following commands one by one to x the broken Ubuntu Linux:

$ sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock

$ sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock

$ sudo rm /var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend

$ sudo dpkg --configure -a

$ sudo apt clean

$ sudo apt update --fix-missing

$ sudo apt install -f

$ sudo dpkg --configure -a

$ sudo apt upgrade

$ sudo apt dist-upgrade

4. Finally, reboot the system using command:

$ sudo reboot

You can now be able to login to your Ubuntu system as usual.

After I followed these steps, all the data in my Ubuntu system were intact and everything was in the same way
as I left it.

This method may not work for everyone. However, this small tip worked for me and saved a couple minutes
from reinstalling my Ubuntu system from scratch.

If you know any other better way, please let me know in the comment section. I will add them in this guide as
well.

Related read:

How To Fix Busybox Initramfs Error On Ubuntu

How To Fix “E: Could not get lock /var/lib/dpkg/lock” Error On Ubuntu

How To Restore .bashrc File To Default Settings In Ubuntu

How To Disable Unattended Upgrades On Ubuntu

How To Restore Broken Arch Linux To Previous Working State

APT APT COMMANDS DPKG FIX BROKEN UBUNTU OS LINUX LINUX ADMINISTRATION LINUX COMMANDS

LINUX HOWTO LINUX TROUBLESHOOTING UBUNTU UBUNTU ADMINISTRATION UBUNTU TROUBLESHOOTING

 63 comments 33        

SK

Senthilkumar Palani (aka SK) is the Founder and Editor in chief of OSTechNix. He is a Linux/Unix
enthusiast and FOSS supporter. He lives in Tamilnadu, India.

    

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How To Upgrade To Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server How To Fix do-release-upgrade: command not found
Error In Ubuntu

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63 COMMENTS

DFD REPLY

 December 10, 2018 - 6:59 pm

Not so long ago one would say Windows, instead of Ubuntu. The answer would be very similar: in the past,
install Linux instead. Here, instead a real Linux distribution instead.

MULYA REPLY

 December 11, 2018 - 9:23 am

And what do you do if you can’t get the to login screen to access terminal (tty)?

SK REPLY

 December 11, 2018 - 11:34 am

Probably, I will use live cd or go to single user mode to see if I can x it. I haven’t tried it yet
though. Do you have any better way?

LADDD44 REPLY

 January 7, 2019 - 10:53 am

does it work in o ine mode pc??

SK REPLY

 January 7, 2019 - 11:38 am

Yes, It should work.

J REPLY

 April 5, 2019 - 9:45 pm

Thanks a lot, your list helped me also via an SSH connection from a remote PC. I needed to do it that way
because the linux machine did not respond on CTRL+ALT+F1 to open directly tty1.

JEVBR REPLY

 April 25, 2019 - 6:34 pm

Thanks SK, that really solved my problem here. Saved my a lot of reinstalling all my programs (did have a
backup). I messed up the installation process when at some point i opted for “show the di erence” when
asked if i wanted to update. At this point the installation went sideways. At the end i was not allowed to re-
install before restarting, but the restart was locked (I guess i was deadlocked). Had to use the power button
to restart.
Terminal is very useful, i use it a lot, but for most simple users, user-friendliness goes out the window as
soon as terminal appears. Seems to me update process may need some reviewing

JOSÉ ROSALES REPLY

 June 21, 2019 - 7:11 am

Thank you this should be a marked post

RICHY DOC REPLY

 August 13, 2019 - 3:01 am

Very good procedure. Save me a lot of time.

Thank.
Richard.

RANDY REPLY

 September 18, 2019 - 8:50 am

How can this work? If you used a usb stick to run the “live cd” and didn’t mount your linux partitions on the
disk, then performing sudo rm /var/lib/apt/lists/lock will apply to the live OS, not the broken one on your
hard disk!
I think the “broken” linux partition must be mounted and your commands would look something like this:
sudo rm /media/myroot/var/lib etc.
Anyway, I will try it, got nothing to lose at this point.

JAZ REPLY

 November 15, 2019 - 4:57 pm

The method that is described in this article is only referring to if you can still reach ubuntu log in. If you use
a live cd or usb you would mount the relevant partitions then chroot into that mount point. Then those
commands described can be used.

JOSE TUTTU GEORGE REPLY

 December 23, 2019 - 4:33 pm

sudo dpkg –con gure -a

“Processing was halted because there were too many errors.” is the error I am getting. I regret my decision
to upgrade OS. Any help on this? I don’t have live cd. My cd drive broke long time ago.

SK REPLY

 December 23, 2019 - 4:41 pm

Can’t you switch to tty1 by pressing CTRL+ALT+F1? If yes, you don’t need a live cd. Just run the
aforementioned commands one by one and see it solves your problem. If you can’t switch to tty1,
may be you should try live usb.

A.B REPLY

 May 17, 2022 - 4:35 am

When i do ctrl alt f1 I get only ubuntu; advanced options for ubuntu; and ue rmware
settings. Those are the options. No login. No tty. Nowhere that I would be able to enter
any commands. I’ve tried all the options within these three and nothing works.

SK REPLY

 May 17, 2022 - 10:48 am

I just veri ed it. I can able to switch to tty1 by pressing CTRL+ALT+F1 keys. It
could be di erent on UEFI BIOS. I don’t have an UEFI system, so I can’t give
solution at the moment. Sorry.

KEVMATE REPLY

 December 29, 2019 - 9:31 pm

This worked brilliantly for me – thanks. One comment, I am using grub and during the update it asked what
I wanted to do about grub. I said keep the original. Afterwards grub worked but the menu had changed.
Ubuntu now on there twice, and advanced options added. Not sure if I should have upgraded grub.
Anyway, all good.

KEVMATE REPLY

 December 29, 2019 - 9:32 pm

BTW – I found that I had to use ctrl-alt-f3 to swicth to tty1.

TOBIZ REPLY

 January 13, 2020 - 9:25 pm

This may be just what I’m looking for! My kubuntu 18.04 system failed to boot into kubuntu after having
done a synaptic “auto remove” (I thought it was safe!) After that all I could do was boot into a screen that
said something like “screen resolution problem” and o ered entering tty mode. At that point I tried
installing some “kde” things I thought might have got removed but no luck. I therefore resorted to boot
from kubuntu 18.04 usb stick into “kubuntu try” and found my main 1Tb disc was still accessible; I did have
backups but I made 2 copies of anything else I might need if a full re-install was needed, eg apt-get data. I
thought it might be a basic boot problem so tried the boot-repair app, but it seemed to fail and not
convinced it improved matters. I’ve just found your procedure and wonder, if, boot-repair hasn’t made
things worse, it might work, I understand the point about the main disk being mount, which mine is so
under “kubuntu try” could see if it works under chroot. If it does you’ll have saved my life; I’ll let you know.

VAYA REPLY

 March 8, 2020 - 10:29 am

hi, how about if I crash since do sudo apt purge python3. I got tty1, I already do above commands and
reboot
but I got same result

GENERALFAULT REPLY

 April 9, 2020 - 10:23 pm

This saved me a few hours of work. Thank you very much. My 18.04 LTS system got hosed after I tried to
uninstall KDE and some of its applications. The crashing terminal is working again and the battery indicator
is back.

YJOJO REPLY

 April 10, 2020 - 12:06 am

You are a hero! Had done an upgrade on AntiX and then could not boot. Followed your steps and I’m back
up and running. Thank you!!

CARLOS REPLY

 April 13, 2020 - 10:06 am

Hi, DFD. Which distribution you recommend then?

BUBBA REPLY

 April 26, 2020 - 7:02 am

Is “sudo dpkg –con gure -a” supposed to be listed twice?

SK REPLY

 April 26, 2020 - 11:57 am

Yes, I ran those commands in the same order and it worked.

ILIYAN REPLY

 April 26, 2020 - 12:24 pm

I hope this should work on Linux Mint?

SK REPLY

 April 26, 2020 - 1:27 pm

Yes, It should work on most Ubuntu derivatives.

HELPFUL HERRON REPLY

 April 28, 2020 - 5:31 am

If you can’t access the tty or have another problem, check this out: https://ostechnix.com/how-to-boot-into-
rescue-mode-or-emergency-mode-in-ubuntu-18-04/

TIM PALMER REPLY

 April 30, 2020 - 12:54 pm

This article helped me immensely. Thank you very much!

TUXOR99 REPLY

 April 30, 2020 - 7:18 pm

Fantastic. Worked awlessly on broken 18.04 directly up to 20.04. Thanks!

GOUTHAM VIJAPUR REPLY

 April 30, 2020 - 10:58 pm

I was trying to upgrade my Ubuntu 18.04.4 LTS to 20.04 LTS

I used the ‘update-manager -d’ command as provided in the tutorial (https://ubuntu.com/tutorials/tutorial-
upgrading-ubuntu-desktop#1-before-you-start)
At some point of time my screen went blank and was stuck at “[OK] Started Manage, Install and generate
color pro les”
After almost 30 mins, I restarted the system and it wouldn’t boot properly. the screen was stuck at “[OK]
Started GNOME Display Manager (etc… etc…)”
I followed the solution in this blog and nally I have my system upgraded to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, up and
running with all the les and previously installed softwares intact.

YAHIA ASRAWI REPLY

 May 15, 2020 - 6:01 am

Thanks, it helped.

CHOLA REPLY

 May 16, 2020 - 10:35 pm

Glad you even got to the login screen.

I don’t know what error hit me, OS froze and after I restarted the laptop, Ubuntu won’t get past the EFI
loading bit.
It’s ruined my day

ABISHEK REPLY

 June 9, 2020 - 11:22 am

When I tried this my login goes in a loop. What went wrong? I am only able to open tty2. Ctrl + Alt + F2

SK REPLY

 June 9, 2020 - 11:36 am

I don’t know the exact reason. However, you can try to x the OS from tty2 as well.

EL CAB REPLY

 June 15, 2020 - 9:47 pm

Thank you! I had an older laptop that i tossed out but kept the msata drive and transferred it to virtual box.
I followed the above and was able to login in with no problem.

SCOTT REPLY

 July 1, 2020 - 7:00 am

In your article titled “How To Fix Broken Ubuntu OS Without Reinstalling It” you stated the rst thing I
should do is login with live cd and backup my data.
You later stated “At the login screen, press CTRL+ALT+F1 to switch to tty1”.
How do I get to this login screen and login?
When I press the CTRL+ALT+F1 I am asked for a user name and password.
What would the user name and password be?

SK REPLY

 July 1, 2020 - 11:38 am

At the login screen, press CTRL+ALT+F1 to switch to tty1

It is your actual log in screen where you enter your password to log into your system.
When I press the CTRL+ALT+F1 I am asked for a user name and password.
It is your actual username and its password that you use regularly to log in to your system.
I said backup your data using live cd before following any of these steps. Because, if the steps
mentioned in this article didn’t work, you can simply reinstall the system and copy the data from
the backup.

ARCHIE REPLY

 July 1, 2020 - 9:12 pm

what kind of magic is that man.

my mariadb installation went sideways,even after reinstalling, purging and everything, it was still sucking at
me.
Ran ur commands blindly, and problem solved. thanks a lot, keep doing the great work dude.

SK REPLY

 July 1, 2020 - 9:54 pm

Glad it worked out well for you. Cheers, mate!

RAVIPRASAD CADAMBI REPLY

 July 18, 2020 - 7:46 pm

Wow. You are a lifesaver. On a brand new installation i screwed up my Webuzo installation and needed a
rebuild. Blindly ran your steps and voila all things back to normal. Thanks a ton!!

SHIVA REPLY

 July 26, 2020 - 9:10 pm

sudo apt clean

sudo: apt: command not found

SUJIT REPLY

 August 25, 2020 - 7:46 am

This worked like a charm. Thanks a lot.

SMILE REPLY

 September 15, 2020 - 8:06 am

Thank you!

MAXWOW REPLY

 October 6, 2020 - 2:11 am

Wow! Totally amazing. I was upgrading to 18.04 and the power went o . Thanks. Really saved me a lot of
time and a complete reinstall.

JONASZ REPLY

 October 6, 2020 - 9:03 pm

I cannot thank you enough Senthil for that article. It saved me big time.
It felt like relying on the GPS nav through unknown(at least for me) roads, which let to motorway at the end.
Light in the tunnel.

SK REPLY

 October 6, 2020 - 11:00 pm

Glad I could help. You are welcome.

SID REPLY

 October 28, 2020 - 9:21 pm

Hi so I can access tty3 by ctrl+alt+F3. Can I run these commands on tty3 without any problem? Also just to
make sure I dont need a live usb for installation right? Thanks in advance.

SK REPLY

 October 28, 2020 - 10:59 pm

I tried these commands and xed my broken Ubuntu OS without any live usb. I can’t give any
assurance if it will work for everyone. Good luck anyway.

MOHAMED REPLY

 November 10, 2020 - 3:07 am

Thank you very much.. solved my problem

MICHAEL REPLY

 November 18, 2020 - 10:07 pm

I am having a problem when I enter $ sudo apt install -f. When I enter this into my system I get an error
message of error: system does not fully support snapd: cannot mount squashfs image using “squashfs” and
I get a message also reading E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1). If you have any
information that would be great! Thank you!

SK REPLY

 November 18, 2020 - 10:52 pm

Hey, I don’t have any solution for the rst problem right now. I never encountered such error
before. For the second error message, please look at this link -> https://ostechnix.com/ x-sub-
process-usr-bin-dpkg-returned-an-error-code-1-in-ubuntu/
Good luck.

SCOTT REPLY

 December 28, 2020 - 4:45 am

Thank you for wasting my time! none of your so called tips work for me. TTY1 is the login screen so how can
you go to a place you are already at?

SK REPLY

 December 28, 2020 - 11:03 am

As I clearly stated in the article itself, It did work for me. As you can see in the comment section, it
indeed worked for many users. Probably, your problem is something else. I switched to tty1 from
GUI by pressing CTRL+ALT+F1 keys. If you can’t go to tty1, try other ttys and see if it helps.

JONATHAN WHEELER REPLY

 February 28, 2021 - 2:38 am

You, good sir, are my hero! Please let me know where I can send you a small tip as a thank you.

SK REPLY

 February 28, 2021 - 11:22 am

You are welcome. Glad I could help. https://ostechnix.com/donate/

SK REPLY

 March 3, 2021 - 10:48 am

Thank you very much for your donation Mr.Jonathan. Very kind of you.

YIM REPLY

 July 23, 2021 - 1:46 am

Just wanted to say thank you very much! I know all the commands on their own, but not the right sequence

This kind of work really helps us all out, thank you!

SK REPLY

 July 23, 2021 - 12:41 pm

Glad it worked out for you. Happy to help!

JUAN CARLOS REPLY

 August 7, 2021 - 5:05 am

Gracias, me ahorro un monton de tiempo

MARK AARON REPLY

 September 6, 2021 - 7:42 am

sudo apt autoremove

, in case you have outdated les that weren’t removed

MARTINI73 REPLY

 January 28, 2022 - 2:39 am

Worked…purged brave as well

BOB REPLY

 February 17, 2022 - 12:23 pm

Brilliant, I had stripped out and ITX box (21.10 Impish with older Gigabyte AB350N ),taken out the video
card and on restart ,Ubuntu had unusual pale colours, Guessing it was needing some kind of re-initialising
of the gaphics, I found this page on the interweb. After stepping through the suggested cli entries, it came
up after restart restored to good health. Jolly good general purpose tonic for this little beast, thanks,

VAZIR REPLY

 April 28, 2022 - 3:04 pm

Thank you very much.. solved my problem

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Home  Linux  How To Upgrade To Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server

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How To Upgrade To Ubuntu 20.04 LTS Server

Written by Sk April 25, 2020 12.9k views Type and hit enter... 

 1 comment 3       
KEEP IN TOUCH

We've already shown you how to upgrade to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS desktop from Ubuntu 18.04 LTS or Ubuntu  FACEBOOK  TWITTER
19.10 desktop systems. Now let us see how to upgrade to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS server from Ubuntu 18.04 LTS or
Ubuntu 19.10 server with screenshots. The method of upgrading between LTS releases and normal edition to  LINKEDIN  YOUTUBE

LTS is quite same, except a small change in Ubuntu release upgrader.

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Contents

1. Prerequisites
1. Backup Important Data
2. Update Your Current Ubuntu System
3. Setting up software sources
4. Help us to help you:

Prerequisites

Before upgrading to latest Ubuntu version, we must take care of some important things rst.

Backup Important Data

First of all, It is strongly recommended to backup your important data, con guration les, and anything that
you can’t a ord to lose.

Update Your Current Ubuntu System

Next, update your current Ubuntu server:

$ sudo apt update && sudo apt dist-upgrade

Once the update is completed, reboot it to apply the updates.

$ sudo reboot

I strongly recommend everyone to use Screen tool when attempting to upgrade a remote server via SSH. This
will keep running the upgrade the process in case your SSH session is dropped for any reason.

To install the screen tool, Enter:

$ sudo apt-get install screen

Once it’s installed, start the screen session with command:

$ screen

If your SSH connection is broken when upgrading, you can re-attach to the upgrade session easily with
command:

$ screen -Dr

Setting up software sources

Install the "update-manager-core" and "ubuntu-release-upgrader-core" packages  if they are not installed
already:

$ sudo apt install update-manager-core

$ sudo apt install ubuntu-release-upgrader-core

Then, edit the le /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades,

$ sudo nano /etc/update-manager/release-upgrades

If you’re upgrading from Ubuntu 18.04 LTS to 20.04 LTS, you need to set prompting behavior for for the release
upgrader as lts.

[...]
Prompt=lts

If you’re upgrading from Ubuntu 19.10 to 20.04 LTS, set prompting behavior as normal.

Save and close the le.

Now, start the upgrade process with command:

$ sudo do-release-upgrade -d

If you’re running the upgrade process under SSH session, the following warning message will appear. Just type
“y” to continue.

[...]
Continue running under SSH?

This session appears to be running under ssh. It is not recommended

to perform a upgrade over ssh currently because in case of failure it
is harder to recover.

If you continue, an additional ssh daemon will be started at port

'1022'.
Do you want to continue?

Continue [yN]

Now, an additional sshd will be started on port '1022' to make recovery easier, just in case of failure. If anything
goes wrong with the running ssh, you can still connect to the additional one. If you run a rewall, you may need
to temporarily open this port. As this is potentially dangerous it's not done automatically. You can open the port
with the commands:

# iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 1022 -j ACCEPT

Or,

# ufw allow 1022

If you are running the Upgrade on a local server, you need not to do the above steps.

Again press ENTER to continue:

After a few seconds, the upgrade wizard will display the summary of how many packages are going to be
removed, how many packages will be upgraded, how many new packages are going to be newly installed and
the total download size.

Press “y” to start the upgrade process. This will take a while to complete depending upon the speed of your
Internet connection.

During the upgrade process, some services installed on your system need to be restarted when certain libraries
are upgraded. Since these restarts may cause interruptions of service for the system, you will normally be
prompted on each upgrade for the list of services you wish to restart. You can choose this option to avoid being
prompted; instead, all necessary restarts will be done for you automatically so you can avoid being asked
questions on each library upgrade.

To automatically restart the services during package upgrades without asking, choose "Yes" and press ENTER to
continue.

Once the upgrade is complete, you would see the following message. Press "y" to complete Ubuntu upgrade
process and restart the server:

[...]
System upgrade is complete.
Restart required.

To finish the upgrade, a restart is required.

If you select 'y' the system will be restarted.

Continue [yN]

Log in to the newly upgraded Ubuntu 20.04 LTS system:

You can check verify the Ubuntu version using command:

$ lsb_release -a

Sample output:

No LSB modules are available.

Distributor ID: Ubuntu
Description: Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
Release: 20.04
Codename: focal

Congratulations! Start using Ubuntu 20.04 LTS server edition.

Suggested read:

Just in case if your Ubuntu system is crashed due to power failure or network connectivity issue in the middle of
the Upgrade process, you might end up with broken Ubuntu. In such cases, refer the following guide to x it.

How To Fix Broken Ubuntu OS Without Reinstalling It

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FOCAL FOSSA LINUX UBUNTU UBUNTU LTS UBUNTU SERVER UPGRADE TO UBUNTU 20.04 SERVER

 1 comment 3       

SK

Senthilkumar Palani (aka SK) is the Founder and Editor in chief of OSTechNix. He is a Linux/Unix
enthusiast and FOSS supporter. He lives in Tamilnadu, India.

    

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1 COMMENT

JON REPLY

 November 4, 2021 - 7:48 am

Thanks. I’d tried this 3 times before, but something always went wrong. With your help, I nally got all the
way through.

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