USER

CENTRIC
DESIGN
SUMITTED TO- MR.MANOJ PARAS SIR
SUBMITTED BY- RITIK YADAV
 1.
USER CENTRIC DESIGN

ABSTRACT

The strength of a wheelchair is not only to act as a vehicle for specially

abled people , but it is rather important that it should act as a friend for
them as these people spend most of the time on it. . The study has been
conducted to understand the strengths and weakness of wheelchair and
problems street artists face .This research paper contain information about
1. History of wheelchair 2. Statistical data 3. Types of wheelchair 4.
Wheelchair frame 5. Road rules for wheelchair users 6. Specially designed
vehicles for wheelchair users 7. Ergonomic considerations for wheelchair
users 8. Issues of wheelchair user accessing the fossil pit 9.Daily life
problems faced by wheelchair users 10. Futuristic wheelchair 11. Ideation
12. Illustration . Some important parameters which influence the
environment were considered for the study like raw materials , various
parts of wheel chairs used , material , finishing and recyclable nature . For
better understanding of problems wheelchair artists face in day to day life
primary study has been conducted and it gives us a better overview of
wheelchair and helped us to design better design which is according to the
demand of modern world and users. It is important to design a wheelchair
which is pollution free as it is a demand of modern economy and good for
our environment. The wheelchair users always have faced various
problems waiting for an outside body to lift them up socially and
economically .Thus creating awareness and changing the perception of the
general public about wheelchairs on environment friendliness , might yield
better results . as environment concern and design which is totally
according to the need of modern users is one of the three spheres of
ergonomic design.

KEYWORDS : Wheelchair , Vehicle , Street artists , Recyclable , Modern

world , Economically
 2.

RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY

This paper is principally dependent on both primary and secondary data .

The primary descriptive data was collected through specially abled
wheelchair users , interviews , field observation and basic perception by
us. The secondary data was collected by exploring various resources such
as , existing research papers , books , internet . The study is mainly done to
solve problems faced by existing specially abled street artists wheelchair
users through new ergonomically designed wheelchair .

WHEELCHAIR : An insight

A wheelchair is a chair with wheels , used when walking is difficult or

impossible due to illness , injury , problems related to old age , or disability .
These can include spinal cord injuries . Wheelchair come in a wide variety
of formats to meet the specific needs of their users . They may include
specialized seating adaptations , individualized controls , and maybe
specific to particular activities , as seen with sports wheelchairs and beach
wheelchairs , The most widely recognized distinction is between motorized
wheelchairs , where propulsion is provided by batteries and electric motors
, and manual wheelchairs , where the propulsive force is provided either by
the wheelchair user / occupant pushing the wheelchair by hand , by an
attendant pushing from rear using handles , or by an attendant pushing
from the side use a handle attachment .

 3..
BRAINSTORMING

UNEVEN SURFACES PARKING

ROADS

PERFORM
STUCK INTO NARROW DOORS
TRAVEL
WHEEL
OBSTACLES
DISCOMFORT

SINGER GUITAR

ARTIST
WHEEL CHAIR FOR PAIN
POCKETS STREET ARTIST
GERMS
MANUAL

STRONG
AUTOMATIC

INACCESSIBLE RAMPS
IRON ELECTRONIC
PLASTIC
ARTIST
MONOCROMATIC
MULTICOLOUR

EXTRA SPACE
COMPARTMENTS
WEATHER

HANDICAPPED FRIEND
SAFETY

SANITISATION VEHICLE MODERN DESIGN

 4.
SECONDARY RESEARCH

HISTORY OF
WHEELCHAIR

5th century BCE: The earliest record of a device resembling a

wheelchair dates back to China. Early versions came from wheeled
furniture designs. It’s believed the Chinese used wheelbarrows to
move disabled people around.
12th century: It’s believed the concept of the wheelbarrow and crude
versions of the wheelchair began to be used around this time in
Europe. 1655: The first self-propelled wheelchair is developed. It was
invented in Germany by disabled watchmaker Stephan Farfler. His
design included three wheels and he could move it with the use of a
rotary handle on the front wheel. Around the same time frame, German
inventor and mechanic, Johann Hautsch, developed a series of rolling
chairs.
1760: The bath chair was created by English inventor James Heath. It
became a popular way to transport people with illnesses and
disabilities, even though it was initially designed for women. The
design is similar to a rickshaw. It had a three- and four-wheel design,
and it could be pushed or pulled. Other designs were developed so
people could be pulled by horse.
18th century: Wheelchairs began to become a normal fixture in
medical catalogues. They were advertised as transportation devices for
patients. They resembled armchairs with two larger wheels at the front
and a smaller wheel at the back.
1901: The basic chair was invented. It closely resembles the modern
design of wheelchairs used today. It had a seat, footrests and four
wheels – two smaller wheels at the front and two larger at the back.
 5.

1932: The folding wheelchair was introduced. It’s one of the biggest
design breakthroughs in the device’s history. It was invented by Harry
Jennings for his friend. The folding design and tubular steel chair with a
cross frame became the standard design. This model allowed people to
use the wheelchair outside of the home, hospitals and care facilities.
Later designs built on Jennings concepts and were focused on
decreasing weight of the chair and improving its overall performance.
1950: After World War II, demand for wheelchairs spiked. There were
thousands of wounded veterans who needed mobility assistance. A
Canadian, George Klein, saw the need and invented the electric
wheelchair for veterans. The original design was a standard wheelchair
with a motor added. Later designs had the motor and battery built into
the chair under the seat. Additional developments in ergonomics,
controls, comfort, and performance were created as new technologies
were developed.
1980: Niche wheelchair designs began to come to market. During this
time, the rigid wheelchair was created. It was intended for athletes.
They are self-propelling and some can reach speeds of up to 30 km/hr.
 6.

STATISTICAL DATA

About 10% of the global population, i.e. about 650 million people,
have disabilities. Studies indicate that, of these, some 10% require a
wheelchair.
It is thus estimated that about 1% of a total population – or 10% of a
disabled population – need wheelchairs, i.e. about 65 million people
worldwide.
In 2003, it was estimated that 20 million of those requiring a
wheelchair for mobility did not have one. There are indications that
only a minority of those in need of wheelchairs have access to them,
and of these very few have access to an appropriate wheelchair
 7.

CHALLENGES FOR
USERS

FINANCIAL BARRIERS - Some 80% of the people with disabilities in

the world live in low-income countries. The majority of them are poor
and do not have access to basic services, including rehabilitation
facilities. The International Labour Organization (ILO) reports that the
unemployment rates of people with disabilities reach an estimated
80% or more in many developing countries. Government funding for
the provision of a wheelchair is rarely available, leaving the majority of
users unable to pay for a wheelchair themselves.

PHYSICAL BARRIERS - As many users are poor, they live in small

houses or huts with inaccessible surroundings. They also live where
road systems are poor, there is a lack of pavements, and the climate
and physical terrain are often extreme. In many contexts, public and
private buildings are difficult to access in a wheelchair. These physical
barriers place additional requirements on the strength and durability of
wheelchairs.

ACCESS TO REHABILITATION SERVICES - In many developing

countries, only 3% of people with disabilities who require rehabilitation
services have access to them. According to a report of , 62 countries
have no national rehabilitation services available to people with
disabilities. This means that many wheelchair users are at risk of
developing secondary complications and premature death that could be
avoided with proper rehabilitation services. In many countries,
wheelchair service delivery is not included in the national rehabilitation
plan.
 8.

EDUCATION AND INFORMATION - Many users have difficulty in

accessing relevant information, such as on their own health conditions,
prevention of secondary complications, available rehabilitation services
and types of wheelchair available. For many, a wheelchair service may
be their first access to any form of rehabilitation service. This places
even more emphasis on the importance of user education.

CHOICE - Users are rarely given the opportunity to choose the most
appropriate wheelchair. Often there is only one type of wheelchair
available (and often in only one or two sizes), which may not be suited
to the user’s physical needs, or practical in terms of the user’s lifestyle
or home or work environment. According to the Convention on the
Rights of Persons with Disabilities, “States Parties shall take effective
measures to ensure personal mobility with the greatest possible
independence for persons with disabilities … by facilitating the personal
mobility of persons with disabilities in the manner and at the time of
their choice, and at affordable cost.
 9.

TYPES OF WHEELCHAIR

There are a wide variety of types of wheelchair, differing by propulsion

method, mechanisms of control, and technology used. Some wheelchairs
are designed for general everyday use, others for single activities, or to
address specific access needs. No single model or size of wheelchair can
meet the needs of all users, and the diversity among users creates a need
for different types of wheelchair. Those selecting wheelchairs, in
consultation with the user, need to understand the physical needs of the
intended user and how they intend to use the wheelchair.
 10.

MANUAL WHEELCHAIR
These are wheeled chairs that are powered by the use of the user’s
hands. By grabbing the handling around the wheels, the user propels the
chair forward, backward, and pivots as well. In addition, manual
wheelchairs can be pushed by someone else standing behind the
wheelchair user. For this reason, manual chairs have handles located
behind the backrest.

There are Different Types of Wheelchairs that are manual chairs to

emphasize different uses. For example, lightweight and foldable chairs
are often convenient for placing into a smaller vehicle when moving from
a chair and into a vehicle. Alternately, heavy-duty chairs are useful for
holding more weight and are typically more durable.

Manual wheelchairs are great for people who can operate them
independently. However, the downside is that users can quickly become
fatigued especially if they are traveled long distances or moving around
for an extended period of time on their own. Additionally, constant use of
manual wheelchairs can lead to health problems if the user never spends
time in a standing position.
 11.

POWERED WHEELCHAIR
Power wheelchairs are electric, battery-operated wheelchairs that
propel the user forward by use of controls. A motorized wheelchair
like this resolves the issue of fatigue as well as disabilities that restrict
the use of manually operated wheelchairs. Users of powered chairs
can go further without tiring and gain more independence when
operating a manual chair is difficult or impossible.

Some of the downsides to powered wheelchairs is that they are

heavier and bulkier than manual chairs. This comes with the territory
since powered chairs need to include a battery and motor at a
minimum for mobility. There are many types of powered wheelchairs.
The most basic power chairs offer the user the ability to drive around
and they are typically operated with hand steering and controls. .
 12.

PEDIATRIC WHEELCHAIR

Pediatric wheelchairs are specifically designed for use by children. This

category includes other kinds of chairs like manual, powered, and
specialized wheelchairs–except all are built for kid-sized users. Some
specialized pediatric wheelchairs are designed to accommodate
specific mobility disorders to help children have independence with
assistive technology.

For pediatric wheelchairs, the goal is for children to quickly adjust to

using their chair and feel comfortable using it. Plus, as much as possible
pediatric wheelchairs should be designed and styled in the way the
child likes. Fun and decked-out pediatric wheelchairs can help the
child’s confidence when interacting with peers
 13.

POSITIONING WHEELCHAIR
Positioning wheelchairs offer the user the ability to maneuver into different
positions on their wheelchair. Typically, these chairs are electric and battery-
powered for both mobility as well as positioning. There is a variety of
positioning wheelchair types and styles.

For example, some positioning wheelchairs recline backward. Other

wheelchairs can raise and lower the user’s feet and legs. Still other types
allow the user to tilt in space automatically. Some chairs offer every kind of
movement capability while others are only able to do one kind of positioning.
Just a few options available in a large variety of Different Types of
Wheelchairs.

Many health benefits can be gained by using a positioning wheelchair to

move the user’s body into different positions. Reclining and adjusting leg
positioning, for example, helps the individual to have better circulation and
avoid detriments like ulcers, sores, and wounds. Plus, these can help people
with movement impairments do more independently.
 14.

SPORTS WHEELCHAIR

Sports wheelchairs come in different shapes and sizes and most are
manual wheelchairs. There are specifically designed chairs for basketball,
tennis, racing, and even rugby. Opportunities for wheelchair-bound
people have increased greatly with the technological advancements of
sports wheelchairs and the implementation of wheelchair sport itself.

The standard sports wheelchair for basketball features a slanted outward

wheel design. This helps the athlete to better maintain balance while
offering more space for upper body movement. Most chairs of this sort
include four smaller wheels beneath the two large main wheels for better
stability. Sports wheelchairs also offer protection for the athlete’s legs to
avoid injuries on the court.
 15.

ALL TERRAIN WHEELCHAIR

All-terrain wheelchairs come in many different styles and shapes, with
varying potential for travel. You may be amazed by the size and power
of some of these vehicles. All-terrain wheelchairs use technology like
larger wheels and extended designs to maintain balance while
traversing uneven ground.

Some designs even use tank treads to plow over obstacles. Extra
suspension support and balloon-style wheels give users another edge
to cruise outdoors at will. Such wheelchairs are usually heavy-duty and
difficult transport, but the upside is the opportunity to go where many
other wheelchairs cannot!
 16..

STANDING POWER
WHEELCHAIR
Standing power wheelchairs are some of the most impressive
technological machines modern science has created. These chairs offer
the user the ability to automatically–and safely–move from a sitting
position into a standing one. In addition, power standing wheelchairs let
the user navigate the world with the motorized wheel base.

Electric standing wheelchairs promise even more health benefits to users

with mobility impairments. The human body was designed to stand, so
when people are unable to move into a standing position their health
suffers! Power standing chairs offer the unique ability for the user to
move conveniently into a standing position with the motorized
technology.

Plus, users can stand at will to reach items, do chores, and to interact
eye-to-eye in social settings among many other activities. Top-of-the-
line power standing wheelchairs combine the abilities of other kinds of
wheelchairs to give users the optimum functionality.
 17.

REDMAN POWER
WHEELCHAIR
The Redman Power Chair’s latest 2019 model, the Chief 107-ZRx, has the
most flexibility of any chair on the market. With this incredible wheelchair,
users can recline past 180 degrees to stretch, stand, sit, tilt, and move their
legs independently as well as any position in between all while being able
to move on wheels at the same time.

Plus, users of the Redman Power Chair can traverse over obstacles with its
off-road wheeled technology. Since Redman only builds one perfected
power standing chair design, they have developed the best-rated
wheelchair for comfort and ability based on decades of improvements from
customer feedback.

The Redman Power Chair is also a fantastic option for pediatric users.
Redman offers an adjustable growth kit so children can use the same chair
as they grow! Get the most out of your wheelchair with the power
standing chair with unmatched utility. For users looking for assistive
technology to travel, stand, sit, and stretch lie no other, the Redman Power
Chair cannot be beaten.
 18.

WHEELCHAIR FRAME

The composition of the frame is a key factor in the functionality of the

wheelchair. The steel being the most usual, is the heaviest but also the
cheapest. A wheelchair with aluminium frame is much lighter and then
much easier to propel, but also more expensive. You can also find frames
made of very light materials like specific aluminium, titanium and carbon.
They are commonly used in rigid frame wheelchairs and have a very high
price.

FOLDING FRAME - The folding frame types of wheelchairs consist of a

folding X Style Frame. Most frames fold when the locking mechanism is
released for folding and tend to include removable foot rests which
allow for easy folding. Most frames are made from aluminum or
titanium and are heavier than the rigid frame. As with anything with
moveable parts, the folding wheelchair is not as durable as the rigid
frame wheelchair. Therefore maintenance is required more frequently
to keep all parts in good working order. Similarly, in a folding
wheelchair, part of the propulsion energy is lost in movements within
its structure and all points of articulation.

RIGID FRAME - A rigid frame wheelchair consists of a single welded

frame on which the individual sits. This can incorporate either a fixed
back rest or a folding back rest where the back of the chair is able to
fold down. It also incorporates wheels can be removed with a quick
release mechanism to enable easy storage and transportation of the
wheelchair. In most cases these frames are lightweight and are made
from either aluminum or titanium, and in some cases from carbon fiber,
A lightweight rigid frame wheelchair can weigh as little as 10 lbs
without the wheels.
19..
 20.

ROAD RULES FOR

WHEELCHAIR USERS
Mobility devices should only be used by people with disability or limited
mobility. Road rules across Australia state that the user must have a
reasonable need to have the device and be capable of operating it safely.
Wheelchair users must follow the same road rules as all pedestrians. Photo
sourced from ABC News. While it might seem like motorised wheelchairs
or mobility scooters belong on the road, in fact they are designed to go
anywhere a pedestrian can go. This includes footpaths, shopping centres
and nature strips. As a general rule, motorised wheelchairs shouldn’t be
driven on the road if there’s a footpath available. However, there are some
exceptions if it’s impractical to do so. For example, roadworks are
interfering with the usual route of the footpath, or the ground is heavily
uneven and could damage the wheelchair.

Basic road rules for wheelchair users which apply across the country:

Motorised wheelchairs and scooters should be limited to 10km per

hour on level ground.

If you must travel on a road because a footpath is unavailable, then you

need to travel on the other side of the road facing oncoming traffic.

Under no circumstances should a wheelchair user enter a highway on

their motorised device.

It’s illegal to operate a mobility scooter or electric wheelchair while

under the influence of drugs or alcohol.

You must cross roads at the shortest possible route

.
Always give way to bike riders when crossing a bicycle path.
 21.

SPECIALY DESIGNED
VEHICLES FOR
WHEELCHAIR USERS
22.
 23.

ERGONOMIC
CONSIDERATIONS FOR
WHEELCHAIR USERS AND
THE DISABLED

The general recommendations for wheelchair users include providing

adjustable viewing heights, viewing accessibility areas, comfortable
display heights (at lower eye level), and adjustable viewing angles.

Different Viewing heights Adjustable viewing heights Accessibility and Display heights/viewing
 24.

ISSUES OF WHEELCHAIR
USERS ACCESSING THE
FOSSIL PIT

The main points to consider for the design were issues of height and
reach while on the wheelchair, leg room while accessing, front and side
hand reach distances, and the free space required to maneuver
around the pit area. It was felt that the reach heights common to the
able-bodied and wheelchair users be utilized, this design also provides
for the height reach distances for younger children, whose height is on
the order of that of wheelchair users.

The common reaching zone is found to be between 3-4 2/3 ft.‘

 25..

A distance of 5-6 ft is recommended around the pit for the free turn of the
wheelchair.
 26.

DAILY LIFE PROBLEMS

FACED BY WHEELCHAIR
USERS

There are lots of daily life problems that every wheelchair user has to face.
Interestingly, a lot of these difficulties are created due to people’s
perception and behavior towards wheelchair-users rather than the
wheelchair itself.

1. Dirty Hands with Blisters

Our hands and nails often get dirty and there are times when we have to
deal with blisters on our palms. But, we will certainly choose these blisters
over the home confinement. Wheelchair hand gloves can be of help in
mitigating this problem.

2. Irritating horns of restless drivers

Wheelchair users certainly need extra time to get on and off their cars. And
so they are the ones who always have to deal with restless drivers blowing
horns behind their vehicles. Your continuous horn cannot give the
wheelchair user magical power to fly away, it can only make many of them
nervous.
 27.

3. Inaccessible ramps

As wheelchair users, we try to gather prior information about the

accessibility of the place. If there are no ramps, you’ll get clear information
that the place is inaccessible. But, we often have to deal with situations
where we are informed that the place has got ramps and is accessible for
wheelchair users. Sometimes the ramp starts after 2-3 stairs (I wonder
why?), sometimes they are too narrow for normal-sized wheelchairs and
most of the times the gradient of the ramp is too steep for self-propelled
wheelchairs.

4. Getting Stuck into Narrow Doors

Not all buildings are constructed with the standard size doors. So, if you
are in a wheelchair, you are always at the risk of getting stuck in one or the
other doorway. Most of the time this happens in toilets of public buildings.
Even the lavatories made especially for wheelchair users have such a
narrow door that no wheelchair can pass through easily. And if the door is
equipped with spring hinges, you cannot even think about getting in or out
without help.

5. We Become Invisible

wheelchair users often come across situations where they are treated as
invisible beings. We often meet persons who are eager to know about us
or need to ask us a question but instead of asking us directly they choose
to talk to anybody who is with us.

6. The Race for Getting into the Lift (Elevator)

Nowadays lots of places are equipped with lifts, and that’s a good thing.
But, every wheelchair user needs to race with people, who can easily climb
stairs, to get into the lift.
Ironically, we often meet people who give their kind suggestion that we
should let others go first because the wheelchair will take more space and
we can also get hurt!
 28.

7. The Struggle for Parking the Vehicle

Yes most of the public / commercial places have parking for disabled near
the entrance and these parking areas are bigger in size to make it easier for
a wheelchair user to get in and out easily. We always find the so-called
able-bodied persons bitching about these special parking areas for
disabled people. But, do we actually get these parking space easily? Most
of the time… No! Many able-bodied people have the tendency to park their
vehicle in these reserved space. And, this creates a problem for the actual
wheelchair users.
 29.

FUTURISTIC WHEELCHAIR

MINDCONTROL
WHEELCHAIR
Swiss Researchers are making extreme progress within the field of
neuroprosthetics (a.k.a. devices controlled by the brain). The Brain-
powered wheelchair by EPFL is the latest technology that gives the user
control, using their mind.
Measuring EEG readings to sense brain patterns, it also includes artificial
intelligence to give "shared" control to the rider, and allow for a more
sophisticated ride.
The wheelchair is capable of detecting objects using image-processing
software, and can avoid them easily. The technology is capable of
differentiating between certain objects as well, such as a desk or cabinet.
 30.

ILLUMINATED
WHEELCHAIR
The Roll.Charge.Light.Protect wheelchair helps protect the user with
glowing wheels for extra nighttime safety. With reduced visibility in
the dark, many wheelchair users find it difficult to travel on their own
at night.
The LED lights are powered by the rotating wheels and also have a
reader that displays how much electricity remains.
Implications - Because exposure to danger is incredibly common,
safety has become an element of utmost concern to the average
consumer. Whether a company's goods include automatic brakes,
illuminated parts or sirens, any extra protection from harm offered to
customers is well received and might encourage a purchasing
decision.
 31.

FUTURISTIC ERGONOMICS
WHEELCHAIR
If you've ever dealt with disabled patients or worked in a hospital you
know that one of the toughest parts of care-taking is moving the patient
to the bathroom from the bed, which is what the IX Transfer System
allows you to do with ease.
Specifically designed for frequent and common transfers, the IX Transfer
System is a wheelchair designed like no other.
The patient rides it facing backwards (compared to a normal wheelchair)
and a lifting mechanism lifts and sets down the patient wherever they
need to go. It eliminates the risks of back strain or other injuries to
nurses.
 32.

HANDSFREE WHEELCHAIR

As most of us do not use wheelchairs, we do not often stop to think of

the improvements that could be made on them--we figure they are fine
enough already. What we don't know is that many models are not
ergonomically correct and can cause pain for the user. The Hubless
Wheelchair Concept is designed so as to provide as much comfort to the
driver as possible.

The Hubless Wheelchair Concept was designed by Thomas Ross and

Dave Cochrane and has two very cool features. For one, it has a
gyroscope-type ball on the back, acting as sort of a third wheel so as to
reduce strain on the user's legs when turning. The other very nifty feature
is the voice command system through an iPod that lets the user go totally
hands-free.
 33.

TWO PERSON ACCESSIBLE

WHEELCHAIR
It may surprise some people to learn what conclusions the inventor of the
Tandem Electric Wheelchair came to when he spent a short time walking a
mile in the shoes an a paraplegic -- or so to speak. It wasn't so much in
inaccessibility of certain buildings and pathways that bothered him, but
rather the way that members of the public seemed to see him that really hit
home.

To combat this issue, Alexandre Pain came up with a new electric scooter
concept designed to give wheelchairs a fun and sporty quality. However,
where his creation truly deviates from its contemporary counterparts, is in
its seating arrangement. The Tandem Electric Wheelchair accommodates
its primary driver, someone with a physical disability, quite comfortably. In
addition, a friend, family member or caregiver can be easily hitch a ride on
the back.
 34.

SHAPE SHIFTING
WHEELCHAIR

Wheelchairs are survival for those who need them, but innovation
often comes slowly. This wheelchair concept is made of plastic and
adapts to the situation to change the center of gravity.
Vertical pressure on the handle bar changes the round wheel to an
ellipse in order to traverse steps and barriers easier. It’s a pretty
awesome looking device with some very practical reasons to come to
market.
Implications - As manufacturing and industrial design become more
technologically advanced, designers are able to create more sensible
product-facing creations such as these shape-shifting wheelchairs.
Such advancements allow the disabled more independence and the
ability to maneuver in today's able-bodied world just as well as
anyone else.
 35.

SOLUTIONS
36.
37.
 38.

DIGITAL ILLUSTRATION

Polycarbonate glass

Carriage for
carrying Racsene
instruments/ leather
speakers/ with
essentials armrest

Control panel
to navigate and
and to access
other features

Carbon fibre
 39.

REFERENCES

http://ergo.human.cornell.edu/ErgoPROJECTS/PRI02/gradversion.html
https://www.who.int/disabilities/publications/technology/English%20W
heelchair%20Guidelines%20(EN%20for%20the%20web).pdf
https://www.medplushealth.ca/blog/the-history-of-wheelchairs-and-
their-development/
https://automobility.com.au/road-rules-for-wheelchair-users/
https://www.forbesindia.com/article/brand-connect/mobility-scooter-
etiquette-rules-of-the-road/65311/1
https://www.nidirect.gov.uk/articles/rules-users-powered-wheelchairs-
and-mobility-scooters-36-46
https://www.britannica.com/topic/wheelchair
https://www.who.int/disabilities/publications/technology/English%20W
heelchair%20Guidelines%20(EN%20for%20the%20web).pdf
https://www.trendhunter.com/slideshow/futuristic-wheelchair-designs