This article was downloaded by: [National Institute of Technology - Kurukshetra]

On: 04 April 2013, At: 09:57

Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Informa Ltd Registered in England and Wales Registered Number: 1072954 Registered office: Mortimer House,
37-41 Mortimer Street, London W1T 3JH, UK

Tribology Transactions
Publication details, including instructions for authors and subscription information:
http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/utrb20

The Static and Dynamic Characteristics of a Two-Lobe

Journal Bearing Lubricated with Couple-Stress Fluid
a a
W. A. Crosby & B. Chetti
a
Mechanical Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Alexandria, Alexandria,
Egypt
Version of record first published: 16 Jan 2009.

To cite this article: W. A. Crosby & B. Chetti (2009): The Static and Dynamic Characteristics of a Two-Lobe Journal Bearing
Lubricated with Couple-Stress Fluid, Tribology Transactions, 52:2, 262-268

To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10402000802527773

PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE

Full terms and conditions of use: http://www.tandfonline.com/page/terms-and-conditions

This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic
reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to
anyone is expressly forbidden.

The publisher does not give any warranty express or implied or make any representation that the contents
will be complete or accurate or up to date. The accuracy of any instructions, formulae, and drug doses should
be independently verified with primary sources. The publisher shall not be liable for any loss, actions, claims,
proceedings, demand, or costs or damages whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in
connection with or arising out of the use of this material.
 Tribology Transactions, 52: 262-268, 2009
Copyright
C Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers

ISSN: 1040-2004 print / 1547-397X online

DOI: 10.1080/10402000802527773

The Static and Dynamic Characteristics of a Two-Lobe

Journal Bearing Lubricated with Couple-Stress Fluid
W.A. CROSBY and B. CHETTI
Mechanical Department
Faculty of Engineering
University of Alexandria
Downloaded by [National Institute of Technology - Kurukshetra] at 09:57 04 April 2013

Alexandria, Egypt

Static and dynamic characteristics of two-lobe journal bear- fluids on the dynamic characteristics of finite journal bearings.
ings lubricated with couple-stress fluids are studied. The load- All these published works have been limited to circular journal
carrying capacity, the stiffness and damping coefficients, the bearings.
non-dimensional critical mass, and the whirl ratio are deter- Two-lobe journal bearings are known to have dynamic per-
mined for various values of the couple stress parameter l. The formance characteristics superior to those of circular bearings
(Pinkus (7); Lund and Thomsen (8); Kumar, et al. (9); Soni, et al.
results obtained are compared with the characteristics of two-
(10), (11); Hashimoto, et al. (12)). Static and dynamic character-
lobe bearings lubricated with Newtonian fluids. It is found that
istics of six types of multi-lobe journal bearings in a turbulent
the effect of the couple stress parameter is very significant on the
flow regime have been studied by Abdul-Wahed, et al. (13). Tayal,
performance of the journal bearing. The stability is improved et al. (14) investigated the performance of two-lobe journal bear-
compared to bearings lubricated with Newtonian fluids. ings lubricated with a non-Newtonian fluid. Sinhasan and Goyal
(15) presented a study of the transient response of a two-lobe jour-
KEY WORDS nal bearing with a non-Newtonian lubricant. Mongkolwongrojn,
Two-Lobe Bearings; Couple-Stress Fluid; Static and Dynamic et al. (16) gave a theoretical prediction of the journal center mo-
Characteristics; Stability tion trajectory for high rotors supported by two-lobe bearings.
In this article, the characteristics of a finite two-lobe hydrody-
namic journal bearing lubricated with fluids with couple stress are
INTRODUCTION investigated.
In classical hydrodynamic lubrication analysis, the lubricants
are assumed to behave as Newtonian fluids. Advances in tech- GOVERNING EQUATIONS
nology and in many practical lubrication applications necessitate The modified Reynolds equation for the coupled-stress fluids
the development of improved lubricants where the Newtonian (Guha (6)) is given by:
fluids assumption is not a satisfactory engineering approach to lu-
 

∂ G (h, l) ∂ P ∂ G (h, l) ∂ P U ∂h ∂h
brication problems. Couple stresses may be noticed in the case + B2 = + [1]
∂x 12 ∂ x ∂z 12 ∂z 2 ∂x ∂t
of lubricants containing additives or in lubricants with long-chain
molecules. Couple stresses are particularly significant in lubrica- where:


tion problems, where the film is usually thin, and may have a sig- h
G(h, l) = h3 − 12l 2 h + 24l 3 tanh [2]
nificant influence on bearing performance. 2l
The performance characteristics of hydrodynamic journal
Equation [1] in the non-dimensional form can be written as:
bearings using lubricants with couple stress have been studied by
       

many researchers (Sinha, et al. (1); Lin (2)). Mokhiamer, et al. (3) ∂ Ḡ h̄, l̄ ∂ P̄ ∂ Ḡ h̄, l̄ ∂ P̄
+B2
investigated the effects of the couple stress parameter on the static ∂θ 12 ∂θ ∂ z̄ 12 ∂ z̄
characteristics of finite journal bearings with flexible bearing linear
1 ∂ h̄
material. Elsharkawy and Guedoua (4) presented an inverse solu- = + ẋ cos θ + ẏ sin θ [3]
2 ∂θ
tion for a finite journal bearing lubricated by couple-stress fluids.
Wang, et al. (5) gave a numerical study of the performance for a dy- where:
namically loaded journal bearing lubricated with couple stress flu- x z e P(c/R)2 h l
ids. Recently, Guha (6) presented the effects of using couple-stress θ= , z̄ = , ε = , P̄ = , h̄ = , l̄ =
R L c µω c c
and
Manuscript received March 10, 2006

Manuscript accepted October 1, 2008 h̄
Review led by Mike Khonsari Ḡ(h̄, l̄) = h̄3 − 12l̄ 2 h̄ + 24l̄ 3 tanh [4]
2l̄
262
 Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Two-Lobe Journal Bearings 263

NOMENCLATURE U = Journal Velocity

W = Bearing load
B = R/L, aspect ratio W = W (c/R)2 /µi RL
c = Major clearance W̄ = W (cm /R)2 /µi RL
cm = Minor clearance x, y, z = Circumferential, radial, and axial coordinates, respectively
Cf = Friction coefficient Q̄s = Dimensionless side leakage flow
C̄i j = Dimensionless damping coefficients
e = Eccentricity Greek Letters
ep = c − cm , ellipticity δ = e p /c, ellipticity ratio
F̄ h = Dimensionless friction force ε = e/c, eccentricity ratio based on major clearance
h = Oil film thickness ε̄ = e/cm , eccentricity ratio based on major clearance
h̄ = h/c, non-dimensional oil film thickness θ = Angular coordinate
K̄i j = Dimensionless stiffness coefficients θe1 , θe2 = Angular coordinates at the end of the bearing pad for upper
Downloaded by [National Institute of Technology - Kurukshetra] at 09:57 04 April 2013

L = Bearing length and lower lobes, respectively

l = Couple-stress parameter θs1 , θs2 = Angular coordinates at the start of the bearing pad for upper
l¯ = Dimensional couple-stress parameter and lower lobes, respectively
Mc = Critical mass of journal θt1 , θt2 = Angular coordinates at the trailing edge in upper and lower
M̄c = Non-dimensional critical mass of journal lobes, respectively
Mj = Mass of journal µ = Lubricant Viscosity
P = Pressure ν = Whirl frequency
P̄ = P(c/R)2 /µω Non-dimensional pressure γ = Whirl ratio
R = Journal radius φ = Attitude angle
S = 1/(2π W), Non-dimensional Sommerfeld number ω = Angular velocity of the journal

The non-dimensional film thickness h̄ is given by (Fig. 1): Neglecting the feeding pressure, the boundary conditions at
the start of oil films in the two lobes are
h̄ = 1 − ε̄(cos θ sin φ − sin θ cos φ) ± δ sin θ + x cos θ + y sin θ [5] P̄(θs1 , z̄) = 0.

P̄(θs2 , z̄) = 0. [7]

where ε̄ = ε(1 − δ)
The negative and positive signs in Eq. [5] are used to deter- At trailing edges, Swift-Stieber boundary conditions are con-
mine the film thickness in the upper lobe and the lower lobe, sidered to prevail. In the cavitation zones, the pressure is assumed
respectively. to be ambient. Thus,
∂ P̄(θt1 , z̄)
= 0.
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS ∂θ
The oil-film pressure is ambient at the bearing ends; i.e., ∂ P̄(θt2 , z̄)
= 0. [8]
∂θ
P̄(θ, 0) = P̄(θ, 1) = 0. [6]
y
φ

TABLE 1—COMPARISON OF STATIC AND DYNAMIC PERFORMANCE CHAR- upper lobe

ACTERISTICS OF TWO-LOBE JOURNAL BEARINGS (
= 0.5 , B = 1/2)

ε = 0.25 ε = 0.35

Characteristics 1 2 1 2 θ
θe1 θs1
ol
S 0.224 0.224 0.121 0.12 ep o x
φ 88.4 88.28 88.9 81.8 ep e
Q̄s 0.388 0.389 0.451 0.452 θ s2 ou
oj θe2
R+C

K̄ xx 0.85 0.82 1.15 1.14

K̄ xy 4.4 4.51 3.47 3.54
K̄ yx −3.44 −3.86 −1.52 −1.52
K̄ yy 6.91 6.95 4.99 4.99 lower lobe
C̄ xx 3.83 3.86 2.48 2.49
C̄ xy = C̄yx 2.5 2.55 −0.024 −0.01
C̄ yy 13.6 13.74 8.93 9.04

1. Present work.
2. Lund and Thomsen (8). Fig. 1—Bearing geometry.
 264 W.A. CROSBY AND B. CHETTY

16

14

l = 0.4
12

10
P
8
l = 0.2
6
l =0
Downloaded by [National Institute of Technology - Kurukshetra] at 09:57 04 April 2013

0
0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 360

Fig. 2—Pressure distribution along the circumferential direction at bearing mid-plane for various values of the couple-stress parameter l.

100 1000

l = 0.4
10
100 l = 0.4
l = 0.2 l =0

Cf 10
W 1
l =0 l = 0.2

1
0.1

0.1
0.01 0.05 0.25 0.45 0.65 0.85 1.05
0.05 0.25 0.45 0.65 0.85 1.05

Fig. 3—W vs. ε for different values of the couple-stress parameter l. Fig. 5—C f vs. ε for different values of the couple-stress parameter l.

1.2
120

1
l = 0.2
100

0.8
80

φ Qs 0.6
60
l = 0.4 l = 0.4 l =0
0.4
40 l = 0.2
l =0 0.2
20
0
0 0.05 0.25 0.45 0.65 0.85 1.05
0.05 0.25 0.45 0.65 0.85 1.05

Fig. 4—φ vs. ε for different values of the couple-stress parameter l. ¯

Fig. 6— Q̄s vs. ε for different values of the couple-stress parameter l.
 Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Two-Lobe Journal Bearings 265

80 400

70 350
60
300
50
40 250
K xx 30 K xy
200
20
150
10
0 100

-10 50
Downloaded by [National Institute of Technology - Kurukshetra] at 09:57 04 April 2013

-20
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
0.01 0.1 1 10
S S
600 1200

500 1000

400 800

− K yx 300 K yy
600

200 400

100 200

0 0
0.01 0.1 1 10 0.01 0.1 1 10
S S

Fig. 7—Stiffness coefficients vs. S for various values of the couple-stress parameter l̄. ————l̄ = 0; - - - - - - l̄ = 0.2; — ·· — ·· — l̄ = 0.4.

and DYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS

P̄(θ, z̄) = 0 for θe1 ≥ θ ≥ θt1 and θe2 ≥ θ ≥ θt2 [9] The fluid film stiffness coefficients of the journal bearing are
given by:
 

STATIC CHARACTERISTICS Kxx Kxy ∂/∂ x

=− [ Wx Wy ] [14]
The static characteristics of the bearing are obtained by solving Kyx Kyy ∂/∂ y
the modified Reynolds Eq. [3] for static loading (ẋ = ẏ = 0).
The partial derivatives of x and y are found to change x and y by
The components of load support are given by:
 1  2π small values about the static equilibrium position of the bearing.
Wx = P̄ sin θdθd z̄ The fluid film damping coefficients are obtained by the form:
0 0  

 1  2π Cxx Cxy ∂/∂ ẋ

=− [ Wx Wy ] [15]
Wy = P̄ cos θdθd z̄ [10] Cyx Cyy ∂/∂ ẏ
0 0

The friction force in the bearing is By giving small values for ẋ and ẏ around the equilibrium position,
 2π  1
 the partial derivatives of ẋ and ẏ can be calculated.
1 h̄ ∂ P̄
F̄h = + dθd z̄ [11]
0 0 h̄ 2 ∂θ
So that the friction factor can be obtained by: STABILITY ANALYSIS

F̄h The linearized equations of the disturbed motion of the journal

Cf = [12] center are
W
The side leakage flow of the bearing is given by:
Mj ẍ + Kxx ẋ + Cxx ẋ + Kxy y + Cxy ẏ = 0
 2π 

∂ P̄ h̄
Q̄s = |z̄=0 h̄3 − 12l̄ 2 h̄ + 24l̄ 3 tanh dθ [13] Mj ẍ + Kyx x + Cyx ẋ + Kyy y + Cyy ẏ = 0 [16]
0 ∂ z̄ 2l̄
 266 W.A. CROSBY AND B. CHETTY

400 698

350 598

300
498
250
398
200
C xx −C xy
298
150
198
100

50 98
Downloaded by [National Institute of Technology - Kurukshetra] at 09:57 04 April 2013

0 -2
0.01 0.1 1 10 0.01 0.1 1 10
S S
698 2000
1800
598
1600
498 1400
1200
398
C yy
−C yx 1000
298
800

198 600
400
98
200
-2 0
0.01 0.1 1 10 0.01 0.1 1 10
S S

Fig. 8—Damping coefficients vs. S for various values of the couple-stress parameter l¯ ———— l¯ = 0; - - - - - - - - l¯ = 0.2; - – - – l¯ = 0.4.

1000

=0.5

100

Mc

10
=0.4

1
0.05 0.25 0.45 0.65 0.85 1.05

Fig. 9— M̄c vs. ε for different values of the couple-stress parameter: ———— l¯ = 0; - - - - - - - l¯ = 0.2; — ·· — ·· — l¯ = 0.4.
 Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Two-Lobe Journal Bearings 267

0.7

0.6 =0.5
=0.4
0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2
Downloaded by [National Institute of Technology - Kurukshetra] at 09:57 04 April 2013

0.1

0
0.05 0.15 0.25 0.35 0.45 0.55 0.65 0.75 0.85 0.95

Fig. 10—γ vs. ε for different values of the couple stress parameter l¯ : ———— l̄ = 0; - - - - - l¯ = 0.2; –··–··– l¯ = 0.4.

Equation [16] can be used to study the stability of the journal iterations does not exceed 0.001. The horizontal and vertical com-
bearing system. Harmonic solution of the type: ponents of the load are calculated for the two lobes of the bearing.
If the magnitude of the horizontal component of the load be-
x = xeλt comes nearly zero (within specified limits of convergence) the
y = yeλt [17] results are accepted; otherwise, the procedure is repeated with a
new value of attitude angle φ.
will be assumed where λ = η + iν is a complex frequency. The sign The static and dynamic characteristics of the bearing are com-
of the real part η allows the system stability to be defined. If (η < puted only after establishing the attitude angle φ.
0), the system is stable and vice versa. On the threshold of stability,
η = 0, x and y are pure harmonic motions with a frequency λ = iν. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Thus, Eq. [16] can be written as: The static and dynamic performances for a two-lobe journal
   bearing with two grooves (each one has an angle of 20 deg) are
Kxx − Mν 2 + iνCxx Kxy + iνCxy x
=0 [18] obtained for three values of the couple stress parameter l̄ (0, 0.2,
Kyx + iνCyx Kyy − Mν + iνCyy
2
y 0.4), and an aspect ratio B = 1/2. The two values of ellipticity ratio
For a nontrivial solution, the determinant must vanish. Equat- used in this study are 0.4 and 0.5.
ing the real and imaginary parts to zero gives: To establish the validity of the solution algorithm and the com-
puter program used in the present study, the stiffness and damping
C̄xx K̄yy + C̄yy K̄xx − C̄xy K̄yx − C̄yx K̄xy
M̄γ 2 = [19]
C̄xx + C̄yy
10
( K̄xx − M̄γ 2 )( K̄yy − M̄γ 2 ) − K̄yx K̄xy
γ2 = [20]
C̄xx C̄yy − C̄xy C̄yx

where
1
C C MCω2 ν
C̄i j = Ci j ; K̄i j = Ki j ; M̄ = ; γ = [21]
W W W ω
W
From Eqs. [19] and [20], the critical mass M̄ and the whirl ratio γ
are calculated. M̄c is the critical mass parameter above which the 0.1
bearing is unstable.

SOLUTION PROCEDURE
First, an initial value of the attitude angle φ is assumed in order 0.01
to calculate the film thickness. Then, the modified Reynolds Eq. 0.05 0.25 0.45 0.65 0.85 1.05
[3] is solved using finite difference technique with Gauss-Seidel ε
method. The negative pressures are set to zero to account for Swift-
Stieber boundary conditions. The iterative procedure is stopped Fig. 11—W̄ vs. ε for different values of the ellipticity ratio. ———— δ =
when at each point the error in pressure between two successive 0.3; · · · · · · · δ = 0.4; —··–··–·· δ = 0.5.
 268 W.A. CROSBY AND B. CHETTY
coefficients of the two-lobe journal bearing lubricated with New-
tonian fluid (l̄ = 0) are compared with the published results (Lund
and Thomsen (8)) in Table 1. The comparison is good.
The pressure distribution along the circumferential direction
at the bearing mid-plane is shown in Fig. 2 for various values of
the couple-stress parameter l̄ and an eccentricity ratio ε = 0.4. It
can be seen that the pressure increases with the increase of the
couple stress parameter l̄.
Figure 3 shows the variation of the dimensionless load-carrying
capacity with the eccentricity ratio for different values of the
couple-stress parameter l̄. The curves show that the load-carrying
capacity increases with the increase of the couple-stress param-
Downloaded by [National Institute of Technology - Kurukshetra] at 09:57 04 April 2013
eter l̄, and the increase is more significant at high values of the
eccentricity ratio ε.
The effect of the couple-stress parameter on the attitude an-
gle is shown in Fig. 4. The figures show that as the couple-stress
parameter decreases, the attitude angle increases.
Figure 5 shows the friction coefficient versus the eccentricity
ratio for various values of the couple-stress parameter. The friction
coefficient decreases with increasing couple-stress parameter and
its effect is more pronounced at high values of the eccentricity
ratio.
Figure 6 gives the variation of the dimensionless side leakage
with the eccentricity ratio for different values of the couple-stress
parameter. The figure indicates that the side flow decreases with
the increase of the couple-stress parameter and its effect is signif-
icant at a higher eccentricity ratio.
The variation of the stiffness and damping coefficients with the
Sommerfeld number are shown in Figs. 7 and 8 for various couple-
stress parameters and an ellipticity ratio δ = 0.5. The curves show
that both the direct stiffness and the cross stiffness as well as the
damping coefficients increase with the increase of the couple-
stress parameter. At higher values of the Sommerfeld number,
the influence of the couple-stress parameter is more significant on
the dynamic characteristics.
The stability charts for different values of the couple-stress
parameter and for the two values of ellipticity (δ = 0.4, δ = 0.5) are
shown in Fig. 9. It can be seen that the stable region increases with
the increase of the couple-stress parameter, and that the increase is
greater at higher values of the eccentricity ratio. The critical mass
for the couple-stress parameter l̄ = 0.2 and ellipticity ratio δ = 0.4
is greater then the critical mass for the couple-stress parameter
l̄ = 0 (Newtonian lubricant) and ellipticity ratio δ = 0.5.
Figure 10 shows the effect of the couple-stress parameter on
the whirl ratio. It can be observed that the whirl ratio decreases
with the increase of the couple-stress parameter, and that the ef-
fect of the couple-stress parameter is more pronounced at higher
values of the eccentricity ratio. The whirl ratio for a couple-stress
parameter l̄ = 0 and an ellipticity ratio δ = 0.5 is greater than that
for a couple-stress parameter l̄ = 0.2 and an ellipticity ratio δ =
0.4. Figures 9 and 10 indicate that a couple-stress lubricant can be
used to achieve the stability produced by increasing the ellipticity
ratio of the bearing without sacrificing the load-carrying capacity
of the bearing, since as can be seen from Fig. 11, the load-carrying
capacity decreases with the increase of the ellipticity ratio.
CONCLUSIONS
From this study, the following conclusions are obtained:
1. Compared with bearings lubricated with a Newtonian lubri-
cant, bearings lubricated with a couple-stress fluid have larger
lubricant pressure and load-carrying capacity.
2. The attitude angle increases with the decrease of the couple-
stress parameter.
3. Both the friction coefficient and the side leakage decrease with
the increase of the couple-stress parameter.
4. Stiffness and damping coefficients increase with the increase
of the couple-stress parameter.
5. The journal bearing lubricated with a couple-stress fluid is more
stable than that lubricated with a Newtonian fluid.
6. A lubricant with couple-stress can be used to achieve more
stability instead of increasing the ellipticity of the bearings.
This is more advantageous, since an increase of the ellipticity
ratio reduces the load-carrying capacity of the bearing.
7. The whirl ratio decreases with the increase of the couple-stress
parameter, thus indicating a more stable performance.
REFERENCES
(1) Sinha, P., Singh, C., and Prasad, K. R. (1981), “Couple Stresses in Journal
Bearing Lubricants and the Effects of Cavitations,” Wear, 67, pp 15-24.
(2) Lin, J.-W. (1997), “Effects of Couple Stresses on the Lubrication of Finite
Journal Bearings,” Wear, 206, pp 171-178.
(3) Mokhiamer, U. M., Crosby, W. A., and El-Gamal, H. A. (1999), “A Study
of a Journal Bearing Lubricated by Fluids with Couple Stress Considering
the Elasticity of the Liner,” Wear, 224, pp 194-201.
(4) Elsharkawy, A. A., Guedoua, L. H. (2001), “An Inverse Solution for Finite
Bearings Lubricated with Couple Stress Fluids,” Trib. Inter., 34, pp 107-118.
(5) Wang, X.-L, Zhu, K-Q, and Wen, S-Z (2002), “On the Performance of Dy-
namically Loaded Journal Bearings Lubricated with Couple Stress Fluids,”
Trib. Inter., 35, pp 185-191.
(6) Guha, S. K. (2004), “A Theoretical Analysis of Dynamic Characteristics
of Finite Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings Lubricated with Coupled Stress
Fluids,” Pro. Instn. Mech. Engrs., 218, part J, pp 125-133.
(7) Pinkus, O. (1956), “Analysis of Elliptical Bearings,” ASME Trans., 78, pp
965.
(8) Lund, J. W. and Thomsen, K. K. (1978), “A Calculation Method and Data
for the Dynamic Coefficients of Oil-Lubricated Journal Bearing,” In ASME
Design Eng-Conf., pp 1-29.
(9) Kumar, A., Sinhasan, R., and Singh, D. V. (1980), “Performance Charac-
teristics of Two-Lobe Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings,” J. Lubr. Technol.,
102, p 425.
(10) Soni, S. C., Sinhasan, R. and Singh, D. V. (1981), “Performance Character-
istics of Non-circular Bearings in Laminar and Turbulent Flow Regimes,”
ASLE. Trans., 24(1), pp 29-41.
(11) Soni, S. C., Sinhasan, R., and Singh, D. V. (1985), “Nonlinear Analysis of
Two-lobe Bearings in Turbulent Flow Regimes,” Wear, 103, pp 11-27.
(12) Hashimoto, H., Wada, S., and Tsunada, H. (1984), “Performance Charac-
teristics of Elliptical Journal Bearings in Turbulent Flow Regime,” Bulletin
of JSME, 27, pp 232-265.
(13) Abdul-Wahed, N., Nicolas, D., and Pascal, M. T. (1982), “Stability and Un-
balance Response of Large Turbine Bearings,” J. Lubr. Technol. ASME.
Trans., 104, pp 66-75.
(14) Tayal, S. P., Sinhasan, R., and Singh, D. V. (1982),”Finite Element Analysis
of Elliptical Bearing Lubricated by Non-Newtonian Fluid,” Wear, 80, pp
71-81.
(15) Sinhasan, R. and Goyal, K. C. (1995), “Transient Response of a Two-Lobe
Journal bearing Lubricated with Non-Newtonian Lubricant,” Trib. Inter.,
28(4), pp 233-239.
(16) Mongkolwongrojn, M., Probkaew, C. and Hashimoto, H. (1995), “The-
oretical Prediction of Journal Center Motion Trajectory in Two-Lobe
Hydrodynamic Journal Bearings,” JSME International Journal, 32(2),
p 319.