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  • Principles in Extractive Metallurgy (SPM) (Compatibility Mode) PDF

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    Rahul Jha
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    This document lists the abundance percentages of various elements in the Earth's crust, along with estimates of the total amounts of each element contained within 3.5 km of crust. The most abundant elements by percentage are oxygen, silicon, and aluminum, together making up over 80% of the crust. Many important industrial metals such as iron, calcium, sodium, and potassium are also relatively abundant at levels of 2% or greater. Rare precious metals like gold and platinum are present at levels far less than 1 part per million.

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    This document lists the abundance percentages of various elements in the Earth's crust, along with estimates of the total amounts of each element contained within 3.5 km of crust. The most abundant elements by percentage are oxygen, silicon, and aluminum, together making up over 80% of the crust. Many important industrial metals such as iron, calcium, sodium, and potassium are also relatively abundant at levels of 2% or greater. Rare precious metals like gold and platinum are present at levels far less than 1 part per million.

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    19 views1 page

    Principles in Extractive Metallurgy (SPM) (Compatibility Mode) PDF

    Uploaded by

    Rahul Jha
    This document lists the abundance percentages of various elements in the Earth's crust, along with estimates of the total amounts of each element contained within 3.5 km of crust. The most abundant elements by percentage are oxygen, silicon, and aluminum, together making up over 80% of the crust. Many important industrial metals such as iron, calcium, sodium, and potassium are also relatively abundant at levels of 2% or greater. Rare precious metals like gold and platinum are present at levels far less than 1 part per million.

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    of 1

    7/28/2010

    ABUNDANCE OF METALS IN THE EARTH’S CRUST


    Element Abundance Amount in 3.5 Element Abundance Amount in 3.5
    (%) km of crust (%) km of crust
    (tonnes) (tonnes)
    (Oxygen) 46.4 Vanadium 0.014 1014 - 1015
    Silicon 28.2 1016 - 1018 Chromium 0.010
    Aluminium 8.2 Nickel 0.0075 1013 - 1014
    Iron 5.6 Zinc 0.0070
    Calcium 4.1 Copper 0.0055
    Sodium 2.4 Cobalt 0.0025
    Magnesium 2.3 1016 - 1018 Lead 0.0013
    Potassium 2.1 Uranium 0.00027 1011 - 1013
    Titanium 0.57 1015 - 1016 Tin 0.00020
    Manganese 0.095 Tungstan 0.00015
    Barium 0.043 Mercury 8x10-6
    Strontium 0.038 Silver 7x10-6
    Rare earths 0.023 Gold <5x10-6 <1011
    Zirconium 0.017 1014 - 1016 Platinum <5x10-6
    metals

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