UNIT-III

Cloud Computing Services

➢Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
➢Platform as a servive (PaaS)
➢Leveraging PaaS for productivity
➢Guidelines for selecting
PaasPovider ➢Concern with PaaS
➢Language and PaaS
➢Software as a Service
➢Database as a Service
➢Specialized Cloud Services
➢Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

1. Iaas is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). It is one of the

layers of the cloud computing platform. It allows customers to
outsource their IT infrastructures such as servers, networking,
processing, storage, virtual machines, and other resources.
Customers access these resources on the Internet using a pay-as-per
 use model.

1. In traditional hosting services, IT infrastructure was rented out for a

specific period of time, with pre-determined hardware
configuration. The client paid for the configuration and time,
regardless of the actual use. With the help of the IaaS cloud
computing platform layer, clients can dynamically scale the
configuration to meet changing requirements and are billed only for
the services actually used.
➢Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

➢ IaaS cloud computing platform layer eliminates the need for every organization to
maintain the IT infrastructure.

➢ IaaS is offered in three models: public, private, and hybrid cloud. The private cloud
implies that the infrastructure resides at the customer-premise. In the case of public
cloud, it is located at the cloud computing platform vendor's data center, and the hybrid
cloud is a combination of the two in which the customer selects the best of both public
cloud or private cloud.
IaaS provider provides the following services –
•Compute: Computing as a Service includes virtual central processing units
and virtual main memory for the Vms that is provisioned to the end- users.
•Storage: IaaS provider provides back-end storage for storing files. •Network:
Network as a Service (NaaS) provides networking components such as
routers, switches, and bridges for the Vms.
•Load balancers: It provides load balancing capability at the infrastructure
layer.

Advantages of IaaS cloud computing layer

There are the following advantages of IaaS computing layer -

1. Shared infrastructure
IaaS allows multiple users to share the same physical
infrastructure. 2. Web access to the resources
Iaas allows IT users to access resources over the internet.
3. Pay-as-per-use model
IaaS providers provide services based on the pay-as-per-use basis. The users
are required to pay for what they have used.
4. Focus on the core business
IaaS providers focus on the organization's core business rather than on IT
infrastructure.
5. On-demand scalability
On-demand scalability is one of the biggest advantages of IaaS. Using IaaS,
users do not worry about to upgrade software and troubleshoot the issues
related to hardware components.
Disadvantages of IaaS cloud computing layer
1. Security
Security is one of the biggest issues in IaaS. Most of the IaaS providers are
not able to provide 100% security.
2. Maintenance & Upgrade
Although IaaS service providers maintain the software, but they do not
upgrade the software for some organizations.
3. Interoperability issues
It is difficult to migrate VM from one IaaS provider to the other, so the
customers might face problem related to vendor lock-in.
 ➢Platform as a service (PaaS)
Platform as a Service | PaaS

Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides a runtime environment. It allows

programmers to easily create, test, run, and deploy web applications.
 You can purchase these applications from a cloud service provider on a pay
as-per use basis and access them using the Internet connection. In PaaS,
back end scalability is managed by the cloud service provider, so end- users
do not need to worry about managing the infrastructure.
PaaS includes infrastructure (servers, storage, and networking)
and platform (middleware, development tools, database
management systems, business intelligence, and more) to support
the web application life cycle.

Example: Google App Engine, Force.com, Joyent, Azure.

 ➢Platform as a service (PaaS)
1. Programming languages
PaaS providers provide various programming languages for the developers to develop
the applications. Some popular programming languages provided by PaaS providers are
Java, PHP, Ruby, Perl, and Go.
2. Application frameworks
PaaS providers provide application frameworks to easily understand the application
development. Some popular application frameworks provided by PaaS providers are
Node.js, Drupal, Joomla, WordPress, Spring, Play, Rack, and Zend.

3. Databases
PaaS providers provide various databases such as ClearDB, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and
Redis to communicate with the applications.

4. Other tools
PaaS providers provide various other tools that are required to develop, test, and
deploy the applications.
Advantages of PaaS
There are the following advantages of PaaS -
1) Simplified Development
PaaS allows developers to focus on development and innovation without worrying
about infrastructure management.

2) Lower risk
No need for up-front investment in hardware and software. Developers only need
a PC and an internet connection to start building applications.

3) Prebuilt business functionality

Some PaaS vendors also provide already defined business functionality so that
users can avoid building everything from very scratch and hence can directly start
the projects only.
4) Instant community
PaaS vendors frequently provide online communities where the developer can get
the ideas to share experiences and seek advice from others.
5) Scalability
Applications deployed can scale from one to thousands of users without any
changes to the applications.
Disadvantages of PaaS cloud computing layer

1) Vendor lock-in
One has to write the applications according to the platform provided by the PaaS vendor,
so the migration of an application to another PaaS vendor would be a problem.

2) Data Privacy
Corporate data, whether it can be critical or not, will be private, so if it is not located
within the walls of the company, there can be a risk in terms of privacy of data.
3) Integration with the rest of the systems applications
It may happen that some applications are local, and some are in the cloud. So there will
be chances of increased complexity when we want to use data which in the cloud with
the local data.
Leveraging Platform as a Service for Optimal Performance
➢Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a comprehensive cloud-based run-time
environment that uses virtualization to provide developers with application
development. It allows customers to make simple as well as advanced apps.

➢It can be defined in two parts.

▪The provider delivers resources via pay as go methods, supporting
network connections, and security

▪On the other side, the client manages the services and programs that the
provider creates on the platform.

This platform consists of memory, computing, database, storage, and other

development services. Additionally, it includes tools for app building and user
interface to provide usability. Customers can deploy PaaS in three cloud
deployment models: Private cloud, public cloud, and hybrid cloud.
Leveraging Platform as a Service for Optimal
Performance
It consists of:
✓Physical Infrastructure: It consists of servers, data centers, network
equipment, storage, etc.
 ✓Intermediate-Layer Software: It consists of libraries, operating systems,
frameworks, languages, and the tools for building apps.

✓User Interface: It consists of Command Line Interface (CLI). Graphical

User Interface (GUI), both the two interfaces display architecture and the
logic of providing usability, deployment machinery, and PaaS’s learnability.

✓Also, PaaS resources provide services like business analytics, database

management systems, planning, etc.
Leveraging Platform as a Service for Optimal
Performance
the benefits of PaaS:
PaaS reduces costs and makes it possible to save by eliminating the
need to perform low-level work, pay extra, hire additional personnel, etc.

It helps organizations reduce hidden, direct, and indirect costs related to

managing and building their platform. PaaS is a pay as you use
approach, which enables savings in return.

The efficiency and speed of deployment and development are among

 the top benefits of PaaS. Along with it, PaaS improves time to market
and reduces the development lifecycle.

PaaS ensures continuous updates since experts perform the

component updates regularly and automatically get the security
patches.
Leveraging Platform as a Service for Optimal
Performance

✓applications are run on the latest stack and saving resources and time while
minimizing incompatibility risks and security bottlenecks.

✓PaaS provides a default scaling mechanism via the automatic release and
allocation of required resources, as per the number of users served by the apps.

✓It reduces the time spent on maintenance and setting up the core stack.

✓PaaS provides the freedom to customize solutions and offer operational tools to
developers to create custom software.

✓ It also provides flexibility to work on applications anytime, from anywhere.

1. Security Certifications and Standards
2. Reliability
3. Transparency
4. Technology Advancements
5. Manageability
6. Cost

1. Security Certifications and Standards :

It’s simple, data demands security, so cloud service providers need to confirm their security
standards to be top-notch. Cloud service providers must comply with significant industry
certifications, including ISO 27001 or other Cyber Essentials Schemes initiated by the
Government. The best data governance mechanism, followed by a structured service
support process, remains the kingpin of cloud service providers’ selection process.

There are multiple certifications and standards available in the market that assure streamlining
the cloud providers’ data management processes. Businesses need to map their industry
specific security requirements and choose the necessary certificates that cannot be missed.
It is essential to ensure that the providers plan their resources and support services
elaborately, ensuring continuous adherence to the required certifications and standards.

Before investing in any cloud service provider, it is crucial to check their performance
for the past year and analyze their customer feedback across industries. The wise
decision is to measure the reliability of the cloud provider’s services based on their
customer experience and satisfaction parameters.

Also, firms must consider how the company has handled both planned and unplanned
system downtime. This is an extremely vital point as the seamless data recovery
processes drive any cloud service provider’s success, especially when any disaster
strikes.

3. Transparency
The data preservation expectations, including the criticality of data, transparency of the
data sources, data scheduling, backup, restoration, integrity checks, etc. – must be
important selection criteria too!

Transparency regarding the set expectations and the delivery guidelines is the key to
suitable cloud investments. Also, businesses can consider purchasing additional risk
insurance to encompass all costs associated with overall data recovery not covered by
the provider’s broader umbrella of terms and conditions.

4. Technology Advancements
Selecting a cloud provider that promptly adapts to the constantly evolving
technological advancements and trends are preferred as they have advanced
technical competencies and scalable operational capabilities. It is of utmost critical
to verify whether the provider’s cloud services align appropriately with the
dynamicity of the business needs.

5. Manageability
Each of the services leverages and supports different orchestration tools, promising
to integrate various associated services. The services vital to the organization must
be well-defined to assure that the chosen cloud provider can easily integrate. It is
also essential to determine how much effort and time it will take for the team to
manage various aspects of the broader cloud infrastructure before making a final
decision.

6. Cost

The process of cloud migration is neither cheap nor straightforward, so choosing the
right plan is an unavoidable decision. Pre-defining the budget for setting up the cloud
infrastructure and sticking to the pre-defined comparison criteria is recommended. Once
the business needs are intricately mapped out, all cloud service providers need to be
compared based on the varied pricing plans and licenses. Making an accurate price
comparison amongst the providers is difficult due to the varying pricing models and
discount structures. But, seeking clarity in pricing plans is important. Most reputable
cloud providers usually offer online price calculators and free introductory tiers that
allow businesses to ‘try before they buy.’ And this is undoubtedly the best way to start.

Conclusion – Before You Choose a Cloud Service Provider

The best cloud service provider is the one who is agile enough to customize as per the
most peculiar business needs. Having a plan is vital, but it is equally important for the
plan to be stuffed up with well-defined implementation milestones and crystal clear
business objectives. Remember, the key to a perfect cloud transition model is to begin
somewhere, experiment fearlessly, fail quickly, and learn as the business scales.
➢Concern with PaaS
The main security concerns when using PaaS and IaaS are:

1. The lack of monitoring ability on a loud workload system and its applications
2. Difficulty maintaining consistent security control across multiple clouds and
platforms
3. Higher probability of insider data breaches.
4. Lack of data visibility in the cloud
5. Lack of control on the users and access grants to the cloud
6. Bypassing authentication and encryption
7. Hacking and attacks
8. Abusing cloud services
 Cloud Computing Platform as a Service (PaaS)

➢Platform-as-a-Service offers the runtime environment for applications.

It also offers development and deployment tools required to develop
applications. PaaS has a feature of point-and-click tools that enables non
developers to create web applications.

➢App Engine of Google and Force.com are examples of PaaS

offering vendors. Developer may log on to these websites and use
the built-in API to create web-based applications.

➢But the disadvantage of using PaaS is that, the developer locks-in with
a particular vendor. For example, an application written in Python against
API of Google, and using App Engine of Google is likely to work only in
that environment.
➢The following diagram shows how PaaS offers an API and
development tools to the developers and how it helps the end user to
access business applications.
Cloud Computing Platform as a Service (PaaS)
➢Lower administrative overhead
➢Customer need not bother about the administration
because it is the responsibility of cloud provider.
➢Lower total cost of ownership
➢Customer need not purchase expensive hardware,
servers, power, and data storage.
➢Scalable solutions
➢It is very easy to scale the resources up or down
automatically, based on their demand.
➢More current system software
➢It is the responsibility of the cloud provider to
maintain software versions and patch installations.
software-as-a-service (SaaS)
SaaS is a licensing model in which access to software is provided on a
subscription basis, where the software is located on external servers
rather than on servers located in-house.

Software as a Service is commonly accessed through a web browser,

with users logging into the system using a username and password.
Instead of each user having to install the software on their computer,
the user can access the program via the internet
software-as-a-service (SaaS)

What is software-as-a-service (SaaS)?

Software-as-a-service, or SaaS for short, is a cloud-based method of

providing software to users. SaaS users subscribe to an application
rather than purchasing it once and installing it. Users can log into and
use a SaaS application from any compatible device over the Internet.
The actual application runs in cloud servers that may be far removed
from a user's location
 software-as-a-service (SaaS)
➢A SaaS application may be accessed through a browser or through an app. Online
email applications that users access through a browser, such as Gmail and Office 365,
are common examples of SaaS applications.

➢The difference between SaaS and a software installation on a user's computer is

somewhat like the difference between streaming a TV show online and buying all the
seasons of the TV show on DVD.
❑Software-as–a-Service (SaaS) model allows to provide software
application as a service to the end users. It refers to a software that is
deployed on a host service and is accessible via Internet. There are several
SaaS applications listed below:

✓Billing and invoicing system

✓Customer Relationship Management (CRM)
applications ✓Help desk applications
✓Human Resource (HR) solutions

❑Some of the SaaS applications are not customizable such as Microsoft

Office Suite. But SaaS provides us Application Programming Interface
(API), which allows the developer to develop a customized application.
SaaS Examples
Ranging from analytics software to productivity tools to online video
streaming, the Software as a Service market incorporates a range of
SaaS products that both companies and individuals can benefit from.
Listed below are top software as a service (SaaS) examples:
▪Google Workspace
▪Adobe Creative Cloud
▪Microsoft 365
▪Salesforce
▪Slack
▪Zendesk
▪Netflix
▪Zoom
▪Shopify
▪HubSpot
▪DocuSign
Characteristics
Here are the characteristics of SaaS service model:

1. SaaS makes the software available over the Internet.

2. The software applications are maintained by the vendor.
3. The license to the software may be subscription based or usage based. And it
is billed on recurring basis.
4. SaaS applications are cost-effective since they do not require any
maintenance at end user side.
5. They are available on demand.
6. They can be scaled up or down on demand.
7. They are automatically upgraded and updated.
8. SaaS offers shared data model. Therefore, multiple users can share single
instance of infrastructure. It is not required to hard code the functionality for
individual users.
9. All users run the same version of the software.
Benefits
Using SaaS has proved to be beneficial in terms of scalability, efficiency and
performance. Some of the benefits are listed below:
✓Modest software tools
✓Efficient use of software licenses
✓Centralized management and data
✓Platform responsibilities managed by provider
✓Multitenant solutions

Issues
There are several issues associated with SaaS, some of them are listed
below: ✓Browser based risks
✓Network dependence
✓Lack of portability between SaaS clouds
 ➢Database as a Service
A cloud database is a database service built and accessed through a cloud
platform. It serves many of the same functions as a traditional database with the
added flexibility of cloud computing. Users install software on a cloud
infrastructure to implement the database.

Key features:
1. A database service built and accessed through a cloud platform 2.
Enables enterprise users to host databases without buying dedicated
hardware
3. Can be managed by the user or offered as a service and managed by a
provider
4. Can support relational databases (including MySQL and PostgreSQL)
and NoSQL databases (including MongoDB and Apache CouchDB) 5.
Accessed through a web interface or vendor-provided API
➢Database as a Service
(DBaaS)

What is a Database-as-a-service?

Database-as-a-service (DBaaS) is a cloud computing service. As a

hosted/managed service, users don’t have setting up hardware or installing
software. Everything related to managing the database is handled by the service
provider.

a. Database hosting options are available for all database types, including
NoSQL, MySQL, and PostgreSQL. MongoDB Atlas is one example of a
NoSQL DBaaS service that is easily scalable.

b. The DBaaS subscription includes everything required to operate a database in

the cloud – including database provisioning, licenses, support, and
 maintenance. Developers can make use of cloud hosted APIs to build out new
applications, accessing and manipulating data programmatically. Because of
this, DBaaS shares many similarities with other SaaS subscription-based
cloud offerings.
Key Characteristics of DBaaS :

➢A fully managed info service helps to line up, manage, and administer your
info within the cloud and conjointly offer services for hardware provisioning and
Backup.
➢DBaaS permits the availability of info’s effortlessly to Database
shoppers from numerous backgrounds and IT expertise.
➢Provides on demand services.
➢Supported the resources offered, it delivers a versatile info platform
that tailors itself to the environment’s current desires.
➢A team of consultants at your disposal, endlessly watching the
Databases. ➢Automates info administration and watching.
➢Leverages existing servers and storage.
the service provider handles the high-level database administrative
(DBA) tasks, including:

a. Initial installation.
b. Configuration management.
c. Database maintenance.
 d. Performance management.
e. Backups.
f. Patches and upgrades.
g. Disaster recovery.
h. Cloud monitoring (both for the database and the underlying
infrastructure).
i. Maintaining high availability.
The DBaaS customer’s only responsibilities are using the database
and controlling its content. However, if the company desires more
control over the database, the DBaaS provider can enable more user
involvement.
Advantages of DBaaS :

1. DBaaS is responsible of the info supplier to manage and maintain info

hardware and code.
2. The hefty power bills for ventilation and cooling bills to stay the servers
running area unit eliminated.
3. An organization that subscribes to DBaaS is free from hiring info
developers or constructing a info system in-house.
4. Make use of the most recent automation, straightforward outs of clouds
area unit possible at low price and fewer time.
5. Human resources needed to manage the upkeep of the system is
 eliminated.
6. Since DBaaS is hosted off-site, the organization is free from the hassles
of power or network failure.
7. Explore the portfolio of Oracle info as a service
Disadvantages of DBaaS :

1. Traditional enterprises may have objections to cloud-based services

generally.
2. In case of significant failure of the DBaaS server or network, the
organization might lose its knowledge.
3. Companies already equipped with resources and IT-related human
resources might not realize DBaaS solutions economically viable. 4.
Intrinsic network connected problems with cloud can impact the
performance of a DBaaS.
5. Features offered within the typical RDBMS might not perpetually be
offered during a DBaaS system.
6. The use of DBaaS may result in revenue loss in alternative areas of
code updates and hardware management.
➢Specialized Cloud Services

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➢Specialized Cloud Services

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