All numbers of the form i4 n +1 are equal to i.

10 (i)
y
All numbers of the form i4 n + 2 are equal to −1.
All numbers of the form i4 n + 3 are equal to − i.
y = x2 4x + 8
Answers

Discussion point (Page 42)

(5 + −15 )(5 − −15 ) 10
y = x2 4x + 3

= 25 − 5 −15 + 5 −15 − (−15)

= 25 + 15 y = x2 4x + 6
= 40
5
Discussion point (Page 42)
If the numerators and denominators of two fractions
are equal then the fractions must also be equal.
However, it is possible for two fractions to be equal if
x
the numerators and denominators are not equal, for 0 5 10

example 43 = 68 .
(ii) (a) x = 1,  x =3
Exercise 2.1 (Page 43) (b) x = 2 ± 2i
1 (i) i (ii) –1 (c) 2 ± 2i
(iii) The roots all
occur in pairs that are of the
(iii) –i (iv) 1
form x = 2 ± k where k is either a real
2 (i) 9 − i (ii) −9 + 9i number or a real multiple of i
(iii) 3 + 9i (iv) −3 − i 11 a = −7,  b = 11
3 (i) 24 + 2i (ii) −2 + 24i The second root is 5 – 3i. The coefficients of
(iii) 20 + 48i (iv) 38 − 18i the equation are not real.

4 (i) (a) 52 (b) 34 (c) 1768 Activity 2.3 (Page 45)

(ii) The answers are wholly real. z + z * = ( x + yi ) + ( x − yi ) = 2x which is real
5 (i) 92 − 60i (ii) −414 + 154i
zz * = ( x + yi )( x − yi ) = x 2 − xyi + yxi − y 2 i 2 = x 2 + y 2
6 (i) −1 ± i (ii) 1 ± 2i (iii) 2 ± 3i
which is real
(iv) −3 ± 5i (v)
1 ± 2i (vi) −2 ± 2i
2 Discussion point (Page 46)
7 a = 1 or 4, b = −1 or 3
The possible complex numbers are 1 = 1 × i = i = −i
1 + 9i,  1 + i,  16 + 9i,  16 + i i i i −1
8 a = 3,  b = 5 or a = −3,  b = −5 1 = 1 × i 2 = −1 = −1
i2 i2 i2 1
9 3 + 7i and −3 − 7i

186