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Chapter 2
Polynomial and Rational Functions
−14 + −12 −14 + i 12
Section 2.1 c. =
2 2
−14 + 2i 3
Check Point Exercises =
2
1. a. (5 − 2i ) + (3 + 3i ) −14 2i 3
= +
= 5 − 2i + 3 + 3i 2 2
= (5 + 3) + (−2 + 3)i = −7 + i 3
= 8+i
5. x2 − 2 x + 2 = 0
b. (2 + 6i ) − (12 − i ) a = 1, b = −2, c = 2
= 2 + 6i − 12 + i
= (2 − 12) + (6 + 1)i −b ± b 2 − 4ac
x=
= −10 + 7i 2a
−(−2) ± (−2) 2 − 4(1)(2)
x=
2. a. 7i (2 − 9i ) = 7i (2) − 7i (9i ) 2(1)
= 14i − 63i 2 2± 4−8
= 14i − 63(−1) x=
= 63 + 14i 2
2 ± −4
x=
2
b. (5 + 4i )(6 − 7i ) = 30 − 35i + 24i − 28i 2 2 ± 2i
x=
= 30 − 35i + 24i − 28(−1) 2
= 30 + 28 − 35i + 24i x = 1± i
= 58 − 11i The solution set is {1 + i, 1 − i}.
5 + 4i 5 + 4i 4 + i
3. = ⋅
4−i 4−i 4+i
Concept and Vocabulary Check 2.1
20 + 5i + 16i + 4i 2
=
16 + 4i − 4i − i 2 1. 1 ; 1
20 + 21i − 4
=
16 + 1 2. complex; imaginary; real
16 + 21i
=
17 3. 6i
16 21
= + i
17 17 4. 14i
Exercise Set 2.1 14. (8 – 4i)(–3 + 9i) 24 72i 12i 36i 2
= –24 + 36 + 84i
1. (7 + 2i) + (1 – 4i) = 7 + 2i + 1 – 4i
= 12 + 84i
= 7 + 1 + 2i – 4i
= 8 – 2i
15. (3 5i )(3 5i ) 9 15i 15i 25i 2
2. (–2 + 6i) + (4 – i) 9 25
= –2 + 6i + 4 – i 34
= –2 + 4 + 6i – i
= 2 + 5i
16. 2 7i 2 7i 4 49i 2 4 49 53
3. (3 + 2i) – (5 – 7i) = 3 – 5 + 2i + 7i
= 3 + 2i – 5 + 7i 17. ( 5 i )( 5 i ) 25 5i 5i i 2
= –2 + 9i 25 1
4. (–7 + 5i) – (–9 – 11i) = –7 + 5i + 9 + 11i 26
= –7 + 9 + 5i + 11i
= 2 + 16i 18. ( 7 i )( 7 i ) 49 7i 7i i 2
49 1
5. 6 ( 5 4i ) ( 13 i ) 6 5 4i 13 i
50
24 3i
5i 5i 2 i 32. 5 8 3 18
24.
2i 2i 2i 5i 8 3i 18 5i 4 2 3i 9 2
10i 5i 2 10i 2 9i 2
4 1
19i 2
5 10i
5
2
2
2 2i
2
1 2i 33. 4
4 8i 4i 2
8i 8i 4 3i
25. = 4 – 8i – 4
4 3i 4 3i 4 3i = –8i
32i 24i 2
5
2
16 9 ( 5 i 9 )2 5 3i
2
34. 9
24 32i
25 30i 9i 2
25
24 32 = 25 + 30i – 9
i = 16 + 30i
25 25
3 3 i 7
2 2
6i 6i 3 2i 18i 12i 2 35. 7
26.
3 2i 3 2i 3 2i 94 9 6i 7 i 2 7
12 18i 12 18
i 9 7 6i 7
13 13 13
2 6i 7
2 3i 2 3i 2 i
27.
2 2 i 11
2 2
2i 2i 2i 36. 11
4 4i 3i 2
4 4i 11 i 2 11
4 1
7 4i 4 11 4i 11
5 7 4i 11
7 4
i
5 5 8 32 8 i 32
37.
24 24
3 4i 3 4i 4 3i
28. 8 i 16 2
4 3i 4 3i 4 3i
24
12 25i 12i 2
8 4i 2
16 9
24
25i
1 2
25 i
i 3 6
DEMOCRATIC. REPUBLICAN.
DEMOCRATIC. REPUBLICAN.
DEMOCRATIC. REPUBLICAN.
DEMOCRATIC. REPUBLICAN.
1876—The false issue with which 1876—The public school system of the
they [the Republicans] would several States is the bulwark of the
enkindle sectarian strife in respect to American Republic, and with a view to
the public schools, of which the its security and permanence we
establishment and support belong recommend an Amendment to the
exclusively to the several States, and Constitution of the United States,
which the Democratic party has forbidding the application of any public
cherished from their foundation, and funds or property for the benefit of any
is resolved to maintain without schools or institutions under sectarian
prejudice or preference for any class, control.
sect, or creed, and without largesses [Plank 4.
from the Treasury to any.
1880—* * * Common Schools 1880—The work of popular education
fostered and protected. is one left to the care of the several
[Plank 2. States, but it is the duty of the National
Government to aid that work to the
extent of its constitutional ability. The
intelligence of the nation is but the
aggregate of the intelligence in the
several States, and the destiny of the
Nation must be guided, not by the
genius of any one State, but by the
average genius of all.
[Plank 3.
Duty to Union Soldiers and Sailors.
DEMOCRATIC. REPUBLICAN.