Life Span Development A Topical Approach 3rd Edition Feldman Test Bank

Life Span Development A Topical
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TOTAL Chapter 6
ASSESSMENT Cognitive Growth: Information Processing
GUIDE Approach
Topic Factual Conceptual Applied

LO 6.1: Describe how Multiple Choice 1, 7, 9-11, 13-14 2-4, 8, 12 5-6
information is taken in, True/False 45
held, and used, according to
information processing Essay 50
theorists.
LO 6.2: Explain how the Multiple Choice 16-17, 20 15 18-19, 21
architecture of the human
information processing True/False 46-48
system functions. Essay
LO 6.3: Compare the Multiple Choice
information processing
approaches to Piaget’s True/False
theory of cognitive Essay
development.
LO 6.4: Explain why Multiple Choice 22, 24 23
attention is important for True/False 49
children’s cognitive
development. Essay
LO 6.5: Describe memory Multiple Choice 25-29 30
improvements during
childhood and analyze how
True/False
childhood memories change Essay
over time.
LO 6.6: Analyze how Multiple Choice 33-34, 36-38 35, 39 31-32
memory changes as people
age and describe strategies
for developing and True/False
improving memory. Essay 51
LO 6.7: Describe Multiple Choice 40-41
applications of information True/False
processing approaches to
the recall of events for legal Essay
purposes.
LO 6.8: Apply insights from Multiple Choice 43-44 42
information processing True/False
theory to classroom
instruction. Essay
LO 6.9: Compare the Multiple Choice
strengths and weaknesses of True/False
the information processing
approach and other Essay 52
approaches to cognitive
development.
389
Copyright © 2017, 2014, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chapter 6
Cognitive Growth: Information Processing Approaches
MULTIPLE CHOICE
6-1. What is the term for the model that seeks to identify the way that individuals take in,
use, and store information?
a) information processing approach

b) memory model
c) automatization
d) encoding
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 189
Skill: Factual
LO 6.1: Describe how information is taken in, held, and used, according to information
processing theorists.
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember
6-2. Information processing focuses on _________ changes in infants.
a) quantitative
b) effective
c) qualitative
d) surreal
Answer: A
Difficulty: Difficult
Page: 189
Skill: Conceptual
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand
390
6-3. According to ___________, quantitative changes in an infant’s abilities to organize
and manipulate information represent the hallmarks of cognitive development.
a) the parallel retrieval model

b) automatization
c) encoding
d) the information process approach
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 189
Skill: Conceptual
6-4. The information processing approach emphasizes the types of ___________ that
people use when they problem solve.
a) memory skills
b) goal-directed behaviors
c) schemes
d) mental programs
Answer: D
Page: 189
Skill: Conceptual
391
6-5. Questions such as, “Will an infant recall his/her past?” go to the heart of the nature
of
a) concrete operational thought.

b) encoding.
c) formal operational thought.
d) memory.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 190
Skill: Applied
Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply
6-6. Larry was daydreaming the day that his first-grade teacher reviewed the math lesson
that 5 + 5 = 10. Later, Larry was not able to recall this information, probably because he
never __________ it.
a) heard
b) encoded
c) rehearsed
d) visualized
Answer: B
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 190
Skill: Applied
392
6-7. When a person initially records information in a form usable to memory, this is
called
a) rehearsal.
b) listening.
c) visualization.
d) encoding.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 190
Skill: Factual
6-8. All of the following are considered basic aspects of information processing EXCEPT
a) behavior.
b) encoding.
c) storage.
d) retrieval.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 190
Skill: Conceptual
6-9. What term refers to the maintenance of material saved in memory?
a) storage
b) automatization
c) encoding
d) retrieval
Answer: A
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 190
Skill: Factual
393
6-10. What term refers to the process by which material in memory is located, brought to
awareness, and used?
a) encoding
b) retrieval
c) storage
d) automatization
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 190
Skill: Factual
6-11. What term refers to the degree to which an activity requires attention?
a) automatization
b) encoding
c) information processing
d) retrieval
Answer: A
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 190
Skill: Factual
6-12. Processes that require relatively little attention are ___________; however,
processes that require relatively large amounts of attention are __________.
a) controlled; automatic
b) encoded; stored
c) stored; encoded
d) automatic; controlled
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 190
Skill: Conceptual
394
6-13. The author describes the categorization of objects, events, or people that share
common properties as
a) groups.
b) cohorts.
c) concepts.
d) associations.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 190
Skill: Factual
6-14. Memory is traditionally viewed in terms of three sequential components including

all of the following EXCEPT __________ memory.
a) short-term
b) sequential
c) sensory
d) long-term
Answer: B
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 191
Skill: Factual
395
6-15. For a person to remember a piece of information, _____ processes must function
properly.
a) 6
b) 3
c) 5
d) 4
Answer: B
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 191
Skill: Conceptual
LO 6.2: Explain how the architecture of the human information processing system
functions.
6-16. The initial, momentary storage of information that lasts only an instant, when the
information is raw and without recognized meaning, is called
a) short-term memory.
b) sequential memory.
c) sensory store.
d) long-term memory.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 191
Skill: Factual
functions.
6-17. When information in memory is held for 15 to 25 seconds, it is called
a) short-term memory.
b) sequential memory.
c) sensory storage.
d) long-term memory.
Answer: A
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 192
Skill: Factual
functions.
396
6-18. Mary looks at the phone number of her favorite pizza restaurant for a few seconds,
and then walks into the other room to call to order. Mary remembers the phone number in
its correct sequence. Mary is taking advantage of __________ memory.
a) short-term
b) sequential
c) sensory
d) long-term
Answer: A
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 192
Skill: Applied
functions.
6-19. When a middle school student is able to demonstrate that he/she is able to hear a
string of digits (1, 2, 3, 4, etc.) and then repeat the string in reverse order several seconds
later, the child is indicating that he/she is developing
a) long-term memory skills.

b) working memory.
c) rehearsal strategies.
d) recall.
Answer: B
Page: 192
Skill: Applied
functions.
397
6-20. When information in memory is rehearsed and stored on a relatively permanent
basis, it is called __________ memory.
a) short-term
b) sequential
c) sensory
d) long-term
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 193
Skill: Factual
functions.
6-21. Rasheed is memorizing his multiplication tables by using flash cards. He does this
frequently enough that eventually he does not need the visual stimulation of the cards to
remember his times tables for a test. Rasheed is then taking advantage of __________
memory.
a) short-term
b) sequential
c) sensory
d) long-term
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 193
Skill: Applied
functions.
398
6-22. The choices people make are determined by ______________, information
processing involving the ability to strategically choose among and sort out different
stimuli in the environment.
a) attention
b) automatization
c) storage
d) retrieval
Answer: A
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 195
Skill: Factual
LO 6.4: Explain why attention is important for children’s cognitive development.
6-23. Some stimuli act as _______________ stimuli due to their physical characteristics;
others, due to their meaningfulness, act as _________________ stimuli.
a) attention-holding; sensory
b) attention-holding; attention-getting
c) attention-getting; attention-holding
d) attention-getting; sensory
Answer: C
Page: 195
Skill: Conceptual
6-24. With age, children become better at ignoring ___________ stimuli.
a) sensory
b) relative
c) interesting
d) irrelevant
Answer: D
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 195
Skill: Factual
399
6-25. Infantile amnesia is defined as the lack of memory for experience that occurred
prior to
a) six months of age.

b) 12 months of age.
c) 3 years of age.
d) 2 years of age.
Answer: C
Page: 197
Skill: Factual
LO 6.5: Describe memory improvements during childhood and analyze how childhood
memories change over time.
6-26. What is term for the lack of memory for experiences that occurred prior to 3 years
of age?
a) memory loss
b) infantile amnesia
c) storage
d) retrieval
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 197
Skill: Factual
6-27. The physical trace of a memory in the brain
a) appears to be relatively permanent.

b) disappears due to synaptic pruning.
c) erases itself if unused.
d) is susceptible to interference.
Answer: A
Page: 197
Skill: Factual
400
6-28. What is the term for a memory of particular events from one’s own life?
a) picture memory
b) visual memory
c) autobiographical memory
d) semantic memory
Answer: C
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 198
Skill: Factual
6-29. Memories of personal experience do not seem to become accurate before age
a) 24 months.
b) 18–24 months.
c) 24–36 months.
d) 3 years.
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 198
Skill: Factual
401
6-30. Considering the following options, which is the most likely reason why preschool-
age children may not have entirely accurate autobiographical memories?
a) Preschool-age children have difficulty remembering events unless they are

particularly vivid or meaningful.
b) Preschool-age children are so active that they miss out on too many aspects of
an event to memorize the event accurately.
c) Preschool-age children are dependent upon their parents for their
interpretation of an event; therefore, the child does not make accurate
memories.
d) Preschool-age children’s brain structure is not fully developed enough to store
early memories accurately.
Answer: A
Page: 198
Skill: Conceptual
6-31. If a child of middle school age employs conscious, intentionally used tactics to
improve cognitive processing, this is called
a) reasoning.
b) control strategies.
c) rehearsal.
d) working memory.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 200
Skill: Applied
LO 6.6: Analyze how memory changes as people age and describe strategies for
developing and improving memory.
402
6-32. When faced with the task of remembering a list of cups, knives, forks, and plates,
10-year-old Kevin groups the items into a coherent pattern—cups and plates, forks and
knives. Kevin is using a(n)
a) developmental change.
b) metamemory.
c) operating efficiency hypothesis.
d) control strategy.
Answer: D
Page: 200
Skill: Applied
6-33. Preschoolers’ memories are often organized in a broad representation of events in

the order in which they occur, called
a) autobiographical memory.
b) biographical memory.
c) scripts.
d) schema.
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 200
Skill: Factual
403
6-34. What is the term for an understanding about the processes that underlie memory,
which emerges and improves during middle childhood?
a) recall
b) rehearsal
c) metamemory
d) working memory
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 200
Skill: Factual
6-35. What primary thing can middle-age people do to improve their memory that takes
relatively little effort?
a) use rehearsal and repetition

b) create elaborate rituals and routines
c) pay greater attention to particular things when they are first encountered
d) write everything down
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 202
Skill: Conceptual
6-36. Which of the following memory skills show decline in middle age?
a) long-term memory and sensory memory

b) sensory memory and short-term memory
c) short-term memory only
d) long-term memory only
Answer: D
Page: 202
Skill: Factual
404
6-37. What is the term for formal strategies for organizing material in ways that make it
more likely to be remembered?
a) long-term memory
b) schemas
c) mnemonics
d) short-term memory
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 202
Skill: Factual
6-38. Using memory skill such as getting better organized, paying attention, using
visualization strategies, and rehearsing information for later retrieval, are all considered
__________ strategies.
a) long-term memory
b) short-term memory
c) schema
d) mnemonic
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 202
Skill: Factual
405
6-39. According to encoding specificity phenomenon, people are most likely to recall
information
a) when using mnemonic devices frequently.

b) after getting a full night of sleep.
c) in environments similar to where they learned it.
d) by making mental images of ideas that they want to remember later.
Answer: C
Page: 202
Skill: Conceptual
6-40. When discussing the reliability of memories, which of the following is considered
to be the most vulnerable to suggestion, and therefore, perhaps the least reliable?
a) the memory of a senior citizen

b) the memory of an adult
c) the memory of a school-age child
d) the memory of a preschool-age child
Answer: D
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 203
Skill: Factual
LO 6.7: Describe applications of information processing approaches to the recall of
events for legal purposes.
6-41. One way to question children to produce the most accurate recollections is to
a) ask vague questions.

b) question them as soon as possible after an incident.
c) ask questions inside of a courtroom in front of a judge.
d) use anatomically correct dolls to aid in questioning.
Answer: B
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 204
Skill: Factual
406
6-42. Proponents of _______________ believe that reading should be taught by
presenting the basic skills that underlie reading.
a) metamemory
b) transference
c) code-based approaches to reading
d) whole-language approaches to reading
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 204
Skill: Conceptual
LO 6.8: Apply insights from information processing theory to classroom instruction.
6-43. Students who were tutored in _______ showed improved reading proficiency and
increased activity in brain areas related to skilled reading.
a) mnemonic devices
b) world cultures
c) phonics
d) memory
Answer: C
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 205
Skill: Factual
6-44. ______________ is thinking that makes use of cognitive skills and strategies to
increase the likelihood of solving problems, forming inferences, and making decisions
appropriately and successfully.
a) Encoding
b) Metamemory
c) Critical thinking
d) Information processing
Answer: C
Page: 205
Skill: Factual
407
TRUE/FALSE
6-45. Encoding is the term for the process by which information is initially recorded in a
form usable to memory.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 190
Skill: Factual
6-46. Two-year-old children have the memory capacity to listen to and repeat five
numbers.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 192
Skill: Factual
functions.
6-47. Rehearsal is the term for the strategy where people are most likely to recall
information in environments that are similar to those in which they initially learned it.
Answer: False
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 193
Skill: Factual
functions.
6-48. The more often a memory is retrieved, the more enduring the memory becomes.
Answer: True
Difficulty: Easy
Page: 193
Skill: Factual
functions.
408
6-49. The properties that make a stimulus attention-getting change drastically throughout
the lifespan.
Answer: False
Page: 195
Skill: Factual
ESSAY QUESTIONS
6-50. Briefly describe how information processing approach is analogous to a computer.
Answer: Information processing approaches suggest that the process of encoding,

storage, and retrieval are analogous to different parts of a computer. Encoding can be
thought of as a computer’s keyboard, where you would input the information. Storage is
the computer’s hard drive, where knowledge is stored. Retrieval is analogous to software
that accesses the information for display on the computer screen. Only when all three
processes are operating can information be processed.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 189
Skill: Conceptual
6-51. Briefly explain the memory strategy called “keyword strategy.”
Answer: Keyword strategy involves information in which two sets of words or labels are
paired. For instance, in learning a foreign language, a foreign word is paired with a
common English word that has a similar sound. The English word is the keyword. An
example may be the Spanish word for duck is “pato,” and the keyword (English word)
may be “pot.” The learner trying to recall the Spanish word can key on the familiar word
“pot” which will bring about a mental image of the two words interacting with one
another. So the learner may imagine a duck in a pot and remember that the Spanish word
for duck is “pato.”
Page: 200
Skill: Conceptual
409
6-52. Briefly describe how the information processing approach is at odds with the
Piagetian approach with regard to children and learning.
Answer: Supporters of the information processing approach believe that one of its most
important features is the reliance on well-defined processes that can be tested with
relative precision in research. Unlike the Piagetian approach, which relies on somewhat
vague concepts and notions such as assimilation and accommodation, the information
processing approach provides a comprehensive and logical set of concepts.
Difficulty: Medium
Page: 206
Skill: Conceptual
LO 6.9: Compare the strengths and weaknesses of the information processing approach
and other approaches to cognitive development.
410
REVEL QUIZ QUESTIONS
EOM Quiz Question 6.1.1
______________ approaches to cognitive development seek to identify the way that

individuals take in, use, and store information.
a) Information gathering
b) Data collecting
c) Automatization processing
d) Information processing
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1
Topic: The Basics of Information Processing
Skill: Conceptual
The three basic aspects of information processing are encoding, storage, and
__________.
a) recitation
b) retrieval
c) repetition
d) recall
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Factual
411
The enduring structures of information processing that remain constant over the course of
development are known as ______________.
a) cognitive architecture
b) central processes
c) developmental permanence
d) intellectual design
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Factual
functions.
According to the three-system model, the ______________ is the initial process by which
information is very briefly held before further processing.
a) working memory
c) sensory store
d) photographic memory
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Conceptual
functions.
412
The key difference between information processing and Piagetian approaches is that
information processing approaches focus on ______________.
a) a smaller and less distinct number of stages

b) lifelong rather than infant development
c) permanent rather than temporary changes
d) quantitative rather than qualitative changes
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Application
LO 6.3: Compare the information processing approaches to Piaget’s theory of cognitive
development.
Four-year-old Carla is engaged in playing with a toy truck, while her 10-year-old brother
Vincent is wrapped up in a book. The truck and the book are said to be different
______________ stimuli for each child.
a) attention-getting
b) information-processing
c) attention-holding
d) cognitive-control
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2
Topic: Attention and Memory
Skill: Application
413
______________ is the ability to allocate attentional resources based on desired goals.
a) Planning
b) Attention
c) Control
d) Strategy
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Conceptual
One plausible reason why infants appear to remember less than older children and adults
is the lack of ______________.
a) short-term memory
b) interesting experiences
c) long-term memory
d) an extensive vocabulary
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Conceptual
414
The memory of events from one’s own life, known as ______________ memory, is not
very accurate until after three years of age.
a) biological
b) autobiographical
c) introspective
d) personal
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Conceptual
As they grow older, children begin to recall memories in terms of ______________,

which are general representations in memory of a sequence or series of events.
a) scripts
b) control strategies
c) metamemories
d) chunks
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Conceptual
415
If it is necessary to question children for legal purposes, which of the following strategies
has been shown to increase the accuracy of their recollections?
a) Question children as soon as possible after the event.

b) Use a formal, official setting for conducting the questioning.
c) Allow children an hour or two to calm down before questioning.
d) Use general, open-ended questions to enable children to answer freely.
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1
Topic: Applying Information Processing Approaches
Skill: Conceptual
Compared with whole-language approaches to reading instruction, code-based

approaches focus more on ______________.
a) reading out loud to the teacher or the whole class

b) using context to figure out the meaning of a word or sentence
c) reading natural-language stories and other resources in class
d) sounding out letters and words to discover their meaning
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Application
416
Which of the following is a critical thinking skill?
a) identifying and questioning assumptions in statements

b) using intuition to provide simple answers to complex questions
c) memorizing spellings of a list of words
d) following directions to a location
Answer: A
Difficulty: 3
Skill: Factual
According to the information processing perspective, older children first resolve

preschoolers’ difficulty with the Piagetian conservation problem when their improved
______________.
a) memory enables them to remember when they first encountered the

problem of the two glasses
b) critical thinking ability allows them to dismiss false assumptions about tall
and short glasses
c) mathematical skills help them to understand that the volume of the two
glasses is the same
d) attention span permits them to attend simultaneously to the height and
width of the glasses
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Conceptual
417
Compared with other approaches, the information processing approach pays more
attention to ______________.
a) social and cultural factors in development

b) drawing a comprehensive picture of child development
c) the workings of memory, attention, and other mental activities
d) interior human processes, such as hopes and aspirations
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Application
EOC Quiz Question 6.1
____________ is the process by which material in memory storage is located, brought

into awareness, and used.
a) Assessment
b) Recall
c) Retrieval
d) Application
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Conceptual
418
Without conscious thought, children develop the ability to link together stimuli that occur
simultaneously, thereby developing an understanding of concepts. This process is an
example of ____________.
a) storage
b) automatization
c) processing
d) encoding
Answer: B
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Application
According to the three-system model, it is in the ______________ that thoughtful,

deliberate information processing first takes place.
a) sensory store
c) memory span
d) long-term memory
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Conceptual
functions.
419
______________ are stimuli, such as words, images, smells, or sounds, that people use to
search and locate information stored in long-term memory.
a) Retrieval cues
b) Mnemonics
c) Information chunks
d) Memory modules
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Conceptual
functions.
Which of the following summarizes the key principle of information processing theories
of development?
a) Cognitive development in children is linked to distinct stages.

b) The quality of children’s thinking changes significantly and suddenly as
they develop.
c) With age and practice, children’s thinking gradually becomes more
sophisticated.
d) Developmental changes in children are more qualitative than quantitative.
Answer: C
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Application
LO 6.3: Compare the information processing approaches to Piaget’s theory of cognitive
development.
420
The increasing ability as children age to tune into certain stimuli while tuning out of
others is the result of the increasing ______________ that comes with age.
a) ability to plan
b) exercise of patience
c) use of the sensory store
d) control of attention
Answer: D
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Conceptual
In general, researchers believe that, compared to memory processing in adults, memory

processing in young children is ______________.
a) more efficient for short-term, but less efficient for long-term, memory
b) generally similar
c) reliant on different components of memory
d) qualitatively different
Answer: B
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Factual
421
Recent memory research among infants, children, and adults shows that _____________.
a) the physical trace of a memory in the brain is relatively permanent across

all ages
b) infants generally retrieve information from memory more quickly than the
other groups
c) unlike the other groups, only adults’ memories are not subject to
interference
d) infants generally retrieve information from memory more accurately than
the other groups
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Factual
Antony repeats information that he wants to recall over and over until he can recite it
from memory. This is an example of _____________.
a) the operating efficiency hypothesis

b) an increase in the size of working memory
c) a memory control strategy
d) the use of a memory script
Answer: C
Difficulty: 3
Skill: Analytical
422
Arletta used to believe that she could simply look at a group of vocabulary words once
and remember them. Now she realized that she has to practice them. This is evidence that
Arletta has developed ______________ skills.
a) cognitive
b) metamemory
c) retrieval
d) classification
Answer: B
Difficulty: 3
Skill: Analytical
When questioned repeatedly, children are likely to describe with confidence events and
situations that never happened. These descriptions are referred to as _____________.
a) childhood exaggerations
b) infantile distortions
c) false memories
d) creative recollections
Answer: C
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Conceptual
423
When questioning children for legal purposes, the accuracy of their recollections can be
improved by _____________.
a) using a neutral setting, not a courtroom or police office, for questioning

b) avoiding direct questions in favor of asking for an open-ended description
of events
c) reminding the children of the importance of truthfulness and precision
d) permitting parents or guardians to be present during the questioning
Answer: A
Difficulty: 1
Skill: Factual
Compared with code-based approaches to reading instruction, whole-language

approaches focus more on _____________.
a) making context-based guesses about word meanings

b) sounding out letters and words to discover meaning
c) using reading resources written specifically for beginners
d) familiarizing learners with the rules of spelling and pronunciation
Answer: A
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Application
424
One clear advantage of the information processing approach over the approaches of
Piaget and Vygotsky is its _____________.
a) ability to account for intangible human processes such as emotions

b) focus on the whole being, as opposed to only isolated, limited parts
c) ability to take account of social and cultural factors in development
d) reliance on precise concepts that can be tested by research
Answer: D
Difficulty: 2
Skill: Application
425

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Life Span Development A Topical

Approach 3rd Edition Feldman Test

Topic Factual Conceptual Applied

Cognitive Growth: Information Processing Approaches

a) information processing approach

6-2. Information processing focuses on _________ changes in infants.

a) the parallel retrieval model

a) concrete operational thought.

6-9. What term refers to the maintenance of material saved in memory?

6-14. Memory is traditionally viewed in terms of three sequential components including

6-17. When information in memory is held for 15 to 25 seconds, it is called

a) long-term memory skills.

6-24. With age, children become better at ignoring ___________ stimuli.

a) six months of age.

6-27. The physical trace of a memory in the brain

a) appears to be relatively permanent.

a) Preschool-age children have difficulty remembering events unless they are

6-33. Preschoolers’ memories are often organized in a broad representation of events in

a) use rehearsal and repetition

a) long-term memory and sensory memory

a) when using mnemonic devices frequently.

a) the memory of a senior citizen

a) ask vague questions.

6-50. Briefly describe how information processing approach is analogous to a computer.

Answer: Information processing approaches suggest that the process of encoding,

6-51. Briefly explain the memory strategy called “keyword strategy.”

EOM Quiz Question 6.1.1

______________ approaches to cognitive development seek to identify the way that

EOM Quiz Question 6.1.2

EOM Quiz Question 6.1.4

a) a smaller and less distinct number of stages

EOM Quiz Question 6.2.1

______________ is the ability to allocate attentional resources based on desired goals.

EOM Quiz Question 6.2.3

EOM Quiz Question 6.2.5

As they grow older, children begin to recall memories in terms of ______________,

a) Question children as soon as possible after the event.

EOM Quiz Question 6.3.2

Compared with whole-language approaches to reading instruction, code-based

a) reading out loud to the teacher or the whole class

Which of the following is a critical thinking skill?

a) identifying and questioning assumptions in statements

EOM Quiz Question 6.3.4

According to the information processing perspective, older children first resolve

a) memory enables them to remember when they first encountered the

a) social and cultural factors in development

EOC Quiz Question 6.1

____________ is the process by which material in memory storage is located, brought

EOC Quiz Question 6.3

According to the three-system model, it is in the ______________ that thoughtful,

EOC Quiz Question 6.5

a) Cognitive development in children is linked to distinct stages.

EOC Quiz Question 6.7

In general, researchers believe that, compared to memory processing in adults, memory

a) the physical trace of a memory in the brain is relatively permanent across

EOC Quiz Question 6.9

a) the operating efficiency hypothesis

EOC Quiz Question 6.11

a) using a neutral setting, not a courtroom or police office, for questioning

EOC Quiz Question 6.13

Compared with code-based approaches to reading instruction, whole-language

a) making context-based guesses about word meanings

a) ability to account for intangible human processes such as emotions