Laboratory Manual for Anatomy and

Physiology 6th Edition Marieb

Solutions Manual
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 9 E x e r c i s e

The Appendicular
Skeleton

Time Allotment: 2 hours.

Multimedia Resources: See Appendix B for a list of multimedia resource distributors.

Anatomy of a Runner (Structure and Function of the Lower Limb) (DE: 38 minutes, DVD)
Anatomy of the Hand (FHS, 14 minutes, DVD)
Anatomy of the Shoulder (FHS, 18 minutes, DVD)
Bones and Joints (FHS, 20 minutes, DVD)
Interactive Foot and Ankle (LP: CD-ROM)
Interactive Shoulder (LP: CD-ROM)

Advance Preparation
1. Have articulated skeletons (male and female) available.
2. Set out disarticulated skeletons. One per group of 3–4 students is ideal.
3. Set out male and female articulated pelves in a demonstration area.
4. Set out blunt probes or unsharpened pencils with erasers for use during bone identification.
5. Set out X rays of bones of the appendicular skeleton.
6. Set out six numbered bones concealed in Kraft paper or muslin bags.

Comments and Pitfalls

1. Students may have trouble distinguishing between right and left samples of bones. Remind them to review
the bone markings before checking the articulated skeleton.
2. Stress the importance of bony landmarks for muscle location and identification.

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 Name

Lab Time/Date
E x er c ise 9
The Appendicular Skeleton

S H E E T
Bones of the Pectoral Girdle and Upper Limb
  1. Match the bone names and bone markings in the key with the leader lines in the figure. The bones are numbered 1–8.
Coracoid
process Key:

Acromion 2 Clavicle acromion

R E V I E W
capitulum
Greater
tubercle carpals
Scapula

1 clavicle

coracoid process
Deltoid
tuberosity coronoid fossa

coronoid process
3 Humerus
deltoid tuberosity

Lateral Coronoid fossa greater tubercle

epicondyle
Medial
Capitulum epicondyle humerus
Trochlea
lateral epicondyle
Coronoid
process
medial epicondyle
Radial
tuberosity metacarpals

phalanges
Radius 4 5 Ulna
radial tuberosity

radius
Styloid Styloid process
process scapula
6 Carpals
styloid process
7 Metacarpals
trochlea
8 Phalanges ulna

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 46 Review Sheet 9

  2. Why is the clavicle at risk to fracture when a person falls on his or her shoulder? It is a slender bone.

  3. Why is there generally no problem in the arm clearing the widest dimension of the thoracic cage?

The clavicle serves as a brace to hold the arm away from the top of the thorax.

  4. What is the total number of phalanges in the hand? 14

  5. What is the total number of carpals in the wrist? 8

Bones of the Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb

  6. Compare the pectoral and pelvic girdles in terms of flexibility (range of motion) allowed, security, and ability to bear weight.

Flexibility: pectoral—more flexible

Security: pelvic—more secure

Weight-bearing ability: pelvic—better able to bear weight

  7. What organs are protected, at least in part, by the pelvic girdle? Reproductive organs, urinary bladder, and part of large

intestine

  8. Distinguish the true pelvis from the false pelvis.

false pelvis—superior; supports abdominal viscera

true pelvis—inferior; limits delivery of baby

  9. Use terms from the key to identify the bones and bone markings on this illustration of the hip bone. Note: The bones are
designated with a leader line with a dot at the end.

Ilium Key:

Iliac crest acetabulum

anterior superior iliac spine

greater sciatic notch

Anterior
superior iliac crest
iliac spine
ilium
Greater sciatic notch
ischial spine

Ischial spine Acetabulum ischial tuberosity

ischium
Ischial tuberosity
obturator foramen
Ischium Pubis
pubis
Obturator foramen

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 Review Sheet 9 47

10. The pelvic bones of a four-legged animal such as a cat or pig are much less massive than those of a human. Make an educated
guess as to why this is so.

They do not have to bear as much weight as two-legged animals. Also, an animal distributes its weight on four limbs.

11. A person instinctively curls over the abdominal area in times of danger. Why? To protect internal organs

12. Match the terms in the key with the appropriate leader lines on the diagram of the femur. Also decide if this bone is a right
or left bone.

Fovea capitis
Greater trochanter
Key:
Head of fovea capitis
femur
Neck of Intertrochanteric crest gluteal tuberosity
femur
greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter Gluteal tuberosity
head of femur

intercondylar fossa

intertrochanteric crest

lateral condyle

lateral epicondyle

lesser trochanter

medial condyle

medial epicondyle

neck of femur

Lateral epicondyle
Medial epicondyle

Medial condyle
Intercondylar Lateral condyle
fossa

The femur shown is the posterior view of the right member of the two femurs.

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 48 Review Sheet 9

13. Match the bone names, joints, and markings in the key with the leader lines in the figure. The bones are numbered 1–11.

Key:
Sacroiliac
acetabulum (rim)
joint
1 Ilium
calcaneus
Acetabulum

2 Pubic femur
Neck
symphysis
Greater 3 fibula
trochanter Ischium
greater trochanter
Pubis
ilium
Lesser
trochanter ischium
Femur 4
lateral condyle

lateral malleolus

Patella lesser trochanter

medial condyle
Lateral 5 Medial condyle
condyle medial malleolus
Tibial tuberosity
metatarsals

neck

Fibula 6 7 Tibia
patella

phalanges

pubic symphysis
Lateral Medial
malleolus malleolus pubis
8
Talus 9 Calcaneus
sacroiliac joint
Tarsals
talus
10 Metatarsals
tarsals
11 Phalanges tibia

tibial tuberosity

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