Developmental Math 3rd Edition Lial Solutions Manual

Developmental Math 3rd Edition Lial
Solutions Manual
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-edition-lial-solutions-manual/
6.1 Basics of Percent 213
CHAPTER 6 PERCENT (f)   %

Move the decimal point two places to the right and
6.1 Basics of Percent attach a percent sign.
6.1 Margin Exercises (g)   %

1. (a)  out of  is 
or %, so % of the One zero is attached so the decimal point can be
adults keep fit by walking. moved two places to the right. Attach a percent
(b) The tax rate is $ per $. The ratio is  sign.

and the percent of tax is % (h)   %

(c)  out of  is or %, so % of the
 Two zeros are attached so the decimal point can be
Americans picked football as their favorite sport. moved two places to the right. Attach a percent
sign.
2. (a) %      
(b) %       5. (a) % is all of the money.
So, % of $ is $.
(c) %      
(b) % is all of the workers.
(d) %       So, % of  workers is  workers.
(e) %       or  (c) % is twice ( times) as many photographs.
3. (a) %  %   So, % of  photographs is  •   
photographs.
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
two places to the left. (d) % is  times as many miles.
So, % of  miles is  •    miles.
(b) %  %  
6. (a) % is half of the patients.
Drop the percent sign. Attach one zero so the
So, % of  patients is
decimal point can be moved two places to the left.

of    patients.
(c) %   
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point (b) % is half of the tweets.
two places to the left. So, % of  tweets is  tweets.

(d) %   (c) % is  of the elm trees.
Move the decimal point one place to the left.
Drop the percent sign. Attach two zeros so the So, % of  elm trees is  elm trees.
4. (a)   % 
(d) % is  of the pounds.
Move the decimal point two places to the right. Move the decimal point one place to the left.
(The decimal point is not written with whole So, % of  pounds is  pound.
number percents.) Attach a percent sign.

(b)   % (e) % is  of the length.
Move the decimal point two places to the left.
So, % of  feet is  feet.
attach a percent sign.
(c)   % 
(f) % is  of the money.
Move the decimal point two places to the right and Move the decimal point two places to the left.
attach a percent sign. So, % of $ is $.
(d)   %
6.1 Section Exercises
attach a percent sign. 1. To write a percent as a decimal, drop the %
symbol and then divide by .
(e)   %
Move the decimal point two places to the right and 2. A quick way to divide a number by  is to move
attach a percent sign. the decimal point two places to the left.
Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

214 Chapter 6 Percent
3. %  %   17. %  

Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point Drop the percent sign. Attach two zeros so the
two places to the left. decimal point can be moved two places to the left.
4. %  %   18. %  
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point Drop the percent sign. Attach two zeros so the
two places to the left. decimal point can be moved two places to the left.
5. %  %   or  19. To write a decimal as a percent, multiply by 
and then attach a % symbol.
two places to the left. 20. A quick way to multiply a number by  is to
move the decimal point two places to the right.
6. %  %   or 
21.   %
two places to the left.  is attached so the decimal point can be moved
two places to the right. Attach a percent sign.
7. %  %  
(The decimal point is not written with whole
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point numbers.)
two places to the left.
22.   %
8. %  %  
 is attached so the decimal point can be moved
Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point two places to the right. Attach a percent sign.
two places to the left. (The decimal point is not written with whole
numbers.)
9. %  %   or 
23.   %
two places to the left. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
10. %  %   or 
24.   %
two places to the left. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
11. %  
25.   %
decimal point can be moved two places to the left. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
12. %  
26.   %
decimal point can be moved two places to the left. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
13. %  %   or 
27.   %
two places to the left. Two zeros are attached so the decimal point can be
moved two places to the right. Attach a percent
14. %  %   or 
sign.
28.   %
Two zeros are attached so the decimal point can be
15. %  
moved two places to the right. Attach a percent
Drop the percent sign. Attach two zeros so the sign.
29.   %
16. %  
One zero is attached so the decimal point can be
Drop the percent sign. Attach two zeros so the moved two places to the right. Attach a percent
decimal point can be moved two places to the left. sign.

6.1 Basics of Percent 215
30.   % 43. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
One zero is attached so the decimal point can be
moved two places to the right. Attach a percent Post secondary teachers: %  
sign.
44. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
31.   % two places to the left.
Move the decimal point two places to the right and Security guards: %  
45. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
32.   % attach a percent sign.
Move the decimal point two places to the right and Customer service representatives:   %
46. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
33.   %
Carpenters:   %
34.   %
attach a percent sign. Cooks: %  
35.   % 48. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
attach a percent sign. Management analysts: %  
36.   % 49. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
attach a percent sign.  of the population  %
37. Answers will vary. Some possibilities: No 50. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
common denominators are needed with percents. attach a percent sign.
The denominator is always  with percent,
 of the money needed  8%
which makes comparisons easier to understand.
38. Answers will vary. Some possible answers: When 51. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
using discounts on purchases, calculating sales tax, two places to the left.
figuring interest on loans, examining investments, % above normal   or 
finding tips in restaurants, calculating interest on
savings, and doing math problems in this book. 52. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
two places to the left. % greater than anticipated   or 
Truck drivers: %   53. % is all of the children.
So, % of  children is  children.
 children are present.
54. % is all of the adults.
Registered nurses: %  
So, % of  adults is  adults.
41. Move the decimal point two places to the right and  adults are think their taxes are too high.
55. % is two times as many employees.
Physicians and surgeons:   % So, % of  employees is  •   
42. Move the decimal point two places to the right and employees There are  employees this year.
attach a percent sign. 56. % is two times as many licenses.
Waiters and waitresses:   % So, % of  licenses is  •    licenses
They sold  fishing licenses this season.

57. % is three times as many chairs. 69. (a) Since % means  parts out of  parts or

So, % of  chairs is  •    chairs. 
, the shortcut for finding % of a number is to
We'll need  chairs. move the decimal point in the number one place to
the left.
58. % is three times as many friends.
So, % of  friends is  •    friends. (b) Answers will vary. For example, % of $
She now has  friends. is $
59. % is half of the tuition. 70. 
(a) Since % means  part out of  parts or  ,
So, % of $ is  • $  $. the shortcut for finding % of a number is to move
Financial aid will pay $. the decimal point in the number two places to the
left.
60. % is half of the loan.
So, % of $ is  • $  $. (b) Answers will vary. For example, % of $
The amount of the loan is $. is $.
61. % is found by moving the decimal point one 71. % or  of the pet owners selected the devil
place to the left. costume for their pet.
So, % of  commuters is  commuters.
 commuters carpool. 72. % or  of the pet owners selected the pirate
costume for their pet.
62. % is found by moving the decimal point one
place to the left. 73. (a) The third longest bar, Witch, is the third-most-
So, % of  dozen plants is  dozen plants. popular costume.
The number of unsold plants will be  dozen. (b) Witch was selected by % or  of the
63. % is found by moving the decimal point two pet owners.
places to the left. 74. (a) The second longest bar, Pumpkin, is the
So % of  plants is  plants. second-most-popular costume.
 plants are poisonous.
(b) Pumpkin was selected by % or  of the
64. % is found by moving the decimal point two pet owners.
places to the left.
So, % of  accidents is  accidents. 75. % or  of the motorists chose "Tailgating."
 accidents were caused by mechanical failure.
76. % or  of the motorists chose "Texting while
65. (a) Since % means  parts out of  parts, driving."
% is all of the number.
77. (a) "Speeding" was the violation that was least
(b) Answers will vary. For example, % of $ often chosen for the biggest fine.
is $
(b) % or  of the motorists chose "Speeding."
66. (a) % means  parts out of  parts. That's
half of the number. A shortcut for finding % of 78. (a) "Running red light/stop light" was the
violation that was most often chosen for the
a number is to divide the number by .
biggest fine.
(b) Answers will vary. For example, % of $
is $    $ (b) % or  of the motorists chose "Running
red light/stop light."
67. (a) Since % is two times a number, find %
of the number by multiplying the number by  79. % or  of the children eat french fries.
(double it). 80. % or  of the children eat pizza.
(b) Answers will vary. For example, % of $ 81. (a) The food eaten by the lowest portion of
is  • $  $ children is candy.
68. (a) Since % is three times a number, find (b) % or  of the children eat candy.
% of the number by multiplying the number by
 (triple it). 82. (a) The food eaten by the highest portion of
children is hot dogs.
(b) Answers will vary. For example, % of $
is  • $  $ (b) % or  of the children eat hot dogs.

6.2 Percents and Fractions 217
83. Ninety-five parts of the one hundred parts are 89. The shaded portions contain  squares, so four of
shaded. them give us  •    shaded squares.
 
   %    %
 
Five parts of the one hundred parts are unshaded.      squares of the one hundred squares
are unshaded.

   % 
    %

84. Twenty parts of the one hundred parts are shaded. 90. The corner-shaded portions contain  squares, so
 four of them give us  •    shaded squares.
   % The middle-shaded portion contains  squares, so

the total number of shaded squares is
Eighty parts of the one hundred parts are     
unshaded. 
   %
 
   %
      squares of the one hundred squares
85. Three parts of the ten parts are shaded. are unshaded.

    %
   % 

Seven parts of the ten parts are unshaded.
6.2 Percents and Fractions

6.2 Margin Exercises
   %     
 1. (a) %   
    
86. Eight parts of the ten parts are shaded.
    
 (b) %   
   %     
     
(c) %   
Two parts of the ten parts are unshaded.     

 (d) % 
   % 

     
87. Fifty-five parts of the one hundred parts are (e) %    
     
shaded.      
(f) %    
      
   %
      
2. (a) %    
Forty-five parts of the one hundred parts are      
unshaded.      
(b) %    
      
   %
      
(c) %    
88. Thirty-seven parts of the one hundred parts are      
shaded.    
 
(d)  %     
     
   %   
  • 
  
Sixty-three parts of the one hundred parts are
   
 
unshaded. (e)  %     
    
   
   %  • 
   

   
  
(f)  %      4. (a) as a percent
     
 
 %
 
  
 • 
   (b) % as a fraction

  
3. (a)  % 
  
 •    •  (c)    as a fraction
•  
    
  
  
(d)   % as a fraction

Thus,   %.
 
   % 
(b)   
  
 •    •  (e) as a percent

 •  
  
    % or %
    

Thus, 
 %. (f) as a percent
 
  
(c)   %
  
 •    • 
(g)   % as a fraction
 •  
  
   % 
    
 
Thus,   %. (h)  as a percent

  
(d)    %
  
 •    • 
•  6.2 Section Exercises

      
   1. %   
    

Thus, 

 %. Thus, %  
is false.
      
(e)  2. %   
      
 •    •  Thus, %  
is true.

• 
     
  3. %   
         

 Thus, %  is true.
Thus,   % or exactly   %. 
    
  4. %   
(f)      
  
 •    •  Thus, %  
is false.
•      
 5. %     
      
    
    
 6. %     
Thus, 
 % or exactly   %.     

       

7. %     
       
 •    • 
     
8. %      •  
      
 
      
9. %    
  ,    Thus, 
 % is false.

   
10. %   23. 
   
     •    • 
 
,    • 

  
     
     
11.  %      • 
    
   
 Thus,   % is false.
  
     
   24. 
12.  %      •   
         •    • 

 •  
    
 
13.  %     
       


   Thus, 
 % is true.
 •  

  
  
25. 
   
   
14.  %       •    • 
    
  •  
 
    
 • 
      


Thus,   %.
   
15. %      
      26. 
 
     •    • 
16. %    
      • 

       
17. %       
     
      Thus, 
 %.
18. %     
     
27. The denominator is already 100.
     
19. %     
       %
      
20. %     28. The denominator is already 100.
     
  
21.   %
  
 •    •   
•  29. 
  
   •    • 
   •  

 
Thus, 
 % is true.   
  

22. Note that  is %, so if you recognize this fact, 
there is no need to find  as follows. Thus, 
 %.

   
30.  37. 
   
 •    •   •    • 
•    •  
  
    
     

Thus, 
 %. Thus,   %.

   
31.  38. 
   
 •    •   •    • 
•    •  
  
    
     

 Thus,  %.
Thus, 
 %. 
 
  39. 
32.   
   •    • 
 •    •  •  
•    
    
     
  

Thus, 
 % (rounded).

Thus,   %.
 
40. 
   
33.   •    • 
 
 •    •  •  
 
 •     
   
 
   
Thus,   % (rounded).

Thus, 
 %.  
41. 
   
34.   •    • 
 
• 
 •    •  
 •    
   
 

   Thus, 
 % (rounded).
Thus, 
 %.  
 42. 
 
35. As a different approach, we see that the  •    • 
denominator, , can be multiplied by  to get a • 
denominator of . We'll multiply both the 
 
numerator and denominator by .   

  •   Thus,  % (rounded).
   % 
  •    
43. 
36. As a different approach, we see that the  
denominator, , can be multiplied by  to get a  •    • 
denominator of . We'll multiply both the • 

numerator and denominator by .  
  
  •  
   % 
  •   Thus, 
 % (rounded).

      

44.  56.     fraction
      
 •    •    % percent
•  
 57.   decimal
  
    % percent

Thus, 
 % (rounded). 
58.   decimal
  •   
45.     decimal  % percent
  •  
 • 
So choice B is correct. 59.     decimal
  •  
46. %   decimal  % percent
    •  
  fraction 60.    % percent
    •  
    decimal
So choice D is correct.

   61.  % percent
47.     fraction 
       decimal
    % percent

   62. %   fraction
48.     fraction 
     %     decimal
    % percent
 • 
63.     decimal
49. %   decimal   •  
      % percent
   fraction
      
64. 
50. %   decimal  
   •    • 
  fraction  •  
  
 
 
51.   decimal    
 
 % percent 
Thus,  % percent
 
52.   decimal   decimal

 % percent  
65.     fraction
  
53.   fraction   % percent

    % percent 
66.    fraction
 
54. %   
    % percent
 

   •  
 67.      decimal
     •  
  % percent
  
  
 fraction 68.     decimal
  
%   decimal  % percent
55. %   decimal 69. There are many possible answers. Examples 2 and
     3 show the steps that students should include in
   fraction their answers.
    

70. There are many correct answers. The table of 77. (a)  out of  employees have iPhones.
percent equivalents shows some of the
possibilities.     
  fraction
    
71.  out of  people who used the Internet to find  • 
    decimal
pet information, said they used it when buying a  • 
pet.     % percent
     (b)      employees do not have iPhones.

  fraction
    
 •      
    decimal   fraction
  •       
  % percent  • 
    decimal
 • 
72.  of every  purchased included a coloring     % percent
activity.
78. (a)  out of  tons of food is discarded.

fraction     
   fraction
     
  decimal   •  
     decimal
  % percent   •  
  % percent
73.  adults out of  adults consumes the
recommended  mg of calcium daily. (b)      tons of food is not
discarded.

fraction     
   fraction
     
  decimal   •  
     decimal
  % percent   •  
  % percent
74.  parents out of  parents said they were most
influenced by relatives, friends, and spouses. 79.  out of  do not have side effects.
     do have side effects.
    
  fraction     
       fraction
 •      
    decimal 
  •     decimal
  % percent 
    % percent
75.  out of  workers said no.
80. (a)  out of  doctors used a basic system.
    
  fraction     
       fraction
 •      
    decimal  • 
 •      decimal
    % percent   •  
  % percent
76.  of  adults consider climate to be the most
important factor to consider when relocating after (b)      doctors did not use a basic
retirement. system.
         

  fraction   fraction
         
 •    •  
    decimal     decimal
  •     •  
  % percent   % percent
6.3 Using the Percent Proportion and Identifying the Components in a Percent Problem 223

81.  people out of  people picked Winter as 91. Find % of $, then add 
of the % amount.
their favorite season.
%  %  %
    
  fraction   
     $  $  $
 • 
    decimal
  •   92. Find % of $, then add % of $.
  % percent
%  %  %
82.  people out of  people picked Spring as   
their favorite season.
$  $  $
    
  fraction 93. From % of $, subtract % of $.
    
  •  
    decimal %  %  %
  •     
  % percent
$  $  $
83.  people out of  people picked Summer as
their favorite season. 94. To % of $, add another % of $, and
then add % of $.
    
  fraction
     %  %  %  %
  •      
    decimal
  •   $  $  $  $
  % percent
84.  people out of  people picked Fall as 6.3 Using the Percent Proportion and
their favorite season. Identifying the Components in a
     Percent Problem
  fraction
     6.3 Margin Exercises
 • 
    decimal
  •    
1. (a) 
  % percent  
Relating Concepts (Exercises 85–94) Cross product:  •   ;  •   
85. % of a number means all of the parts or  The cross products are equal, so the proportion is
parts out of  parts. % means two times as true.
many parts and % means three times as many
parts.  
(b) 
 
86. (a) % of  workers is  workers.
Cross product:  •   ;  •   
(b) % of  letters is  •    letters.
The cross products are equal, so the proportion is
(c) % of  DVDs is  •    DVDs. true.
87. % of a number is  parts out of  parts,  
which is half or  of the parts. (c) 
 
88. % of a number is  parts out of  parts and Cross product:  •   ;  •   
can be found quickly by moving the decimal point
 place to the left. The cross products are not equal, so the proportion
is false.
89. % of a number is  part out of  parts and can
be found quickly by moving the decimal point   
(d) 
places to the left.  
90. (a) % of  homes is  •    homes. Cross product:
 •   ,;  •   ,
(b) % of  printers is  printers.
The cross products are not equal, so the proportion
(c) % of $ is $. is false.
2. (a) part  , percent   3. (a) The number preceding the percent symbol is
part percent the percent. So,  is the percent.
 (b) The percent is . The number  appears
whole 
with the symbol %.
   
 OR  (c) The percent is   because   appears with the
   
 •    •  word percent.
 •   
(d) The percent is . The number  appears

 •  with the symbol %.

  (e) The word percent has no number with it, so the
 percent is the unknown part of the problem.
  
4. (a) The whole is  since there are  total
The whole is . tests.
(b) part  , whole   (b) The whole is  since there are  total
    students.
 OR 
    (c) For " tons of recyclables is % of what
 •    •  number of tons?," the whole is, "what number," the
•  unknown part of the problem.

  5. (a) The percent is  and the whole is .
  
 is the remaining number, so the part is .
The percent is , written as %. Part     Percent

(c) whole  , percent   Whole     Always 
    (b) The percent is  and the whole is .

 OR   is the remaining number, so the part is .
   
 •    •  Part     Percent

•  Whole     Always 

  (c) The percent is  and the whole is unknown.
    is the part.
The part is . Part     Percent

Whole  unknown   Always 
(d) whole  , percent  
   
 OR  1. part  , percent  
   
 •    •  part percent
 •  , 
 whole 
   

   unknown 
The part is . The unknown component is the whole.
2. part  , whole  
(e) part  , whole  
part percent
Note: If you don't see how to write the fraction in 
whole 
lowest terms, just proceed with the original  unknown
fraction. 
 
    The unknown component is the percent.
 OR 
    3. part  , whole  
 •    • 
part percent
•  
 whole 
   unknown
   
 
The percent is , written as %. The unknown component is the percent.
4. whole   percent   11. part  , whole  

part percent    
  OR 
whole     
unknown   •    • 
 • 
  
 
The unknown component is the part.   
5. whole  , percent   The percent is , written as %.
part percent 12. part  , whole  

whole     
unknown   OR 
    
 
 •    • 
The unknown component is the part.   
6. part  , percent   The percent is , written as %.
part percent 13. part  , whole  

whole  Use a calculator.
 
  
unknown  
 
The unknown component is the whole.  •    • 
 •  
7. part  , percent   
 
       (rounded)
 OR 
    The percent is about , written as %.
 •    • 
   14. part  , whole  
   
The whole is .  OR 
   
8. part  , percent    •    • 
• 
  
  
     (rounded)
The numerators are equal, so the denominators The percent is about , written as %.
must be equal. The whole is .
15. whole   percent  
9. part  , percent      
 OR 
       
 OR   •    • 
   
 •    •  • 

•   
   
 
   The part is .
The whole is . 16. whole  , percent  
10. part  , percent      

 OR 
   
     •    • 
 OR 
     •  
 •    •  
 
     
The whole is . The part is .

17. whole  , part   23. whole  , part   

    
 
   
 •    • 
 •     • 
 •  
  •  ,
  
   (rounded)  
  
The percent is about , written as %.
The percent is , written as %.
18. whole  , part  
24. percent    , whole  
 
   
  
 •    •   
 •    •    •  

   •  ,
   (rounded) 
 
The percent is about , written as %.   
19. part  , percent   The part is .
part percent 25. whole  , part  

whole   
  
  
 
 •    •   •    • 
 •    •  
 
   
     
The whole is . The percent is , written as %.
20. percent  , whole   26. part  , percent   
part percent  
  
whole   
 
  •     • 
 
 •    •   •   ,

 •      

    , •   ,
  
The whole is ,.
The part is .
27. In a percent problem, the percent can be identified
21. whole  , part  
because it appears with the word percent or with
    the % symbol after it.
 OR 
   
 •    •  28. In a percent problem, the whole is the entire or
 •   total quantity and often appears after the word of.
 29. In a percent problem, the part is the portion being
 
   compared with the whole.
The percent is , written as %. 30. To solve a percent proportion, you must cross
22. part  , whole   multiply.
    31. % of how many is  bicycles?
 OR  bicycles
   
 •    •    
 •   percent whole part

   unknown 
   Part     Percent

The percent is , written as %. Whole  unknown   Always 
32. % of how many is  39.  is % of what number?
preschoolers preschoolers?   
   part percent whole
percent whole part   unknown
 unknown 
Part     Percent

Part     Percent Whole  unknown   Always 

40.  is % of what number?
33. What percent of $ is $?   
percent whole part   unknown
unknown   Part     Percent

Part   unknown  Percent Whole  unknown   Always 

Whole     Always 
41. % of $ is what number?
34. What percent of $ is $?   
   percent whole part
percent whole part   unknown
unknown   Part  unknown   Percent

Part   unknown  Percent Whole     Always 

Whole     Always  42. What amount is % of $?
35. What is % of $?   
part percent whole unknown  
unknown   Part  unknown   Percent

Part  unknown   Percent Whole     Always 

Whole     Always  43. Percent—the ratio of the part to the whole. It
What is % of  homes? appears with the word percent or "%" after it.
36.
Whole—the entire quantity. It often appears after
  
the word of. Part—the part being compared with
part percent whole the whole.
unknown  
44. A possible sentence is: Of the  cars entering the
Part  unknown   Percent parking lot,  cars, or %, had parking stickers

Whole     Always  on their windshields.
37.  injections is % of what number percent  ; whole  ; part  
of injections?
   45.  of  computers is what percent?
part percent whole   
  unknown part whole percent
  unknown
Part     Percent
 Part   unknown  Percent
Whole  unknown   Always  
Whole     Always 
38.  is   % of how many 
46.   % of  ounces is what number?
pallets percent pallets.
     
percent percent whole part
part whole 
   unknown    unknown

   Percent Part  unknown    Percent
Part   
 Whole    Always 
Whole  unknown   Always  
47.  of  people is what percent? 54.  is what of 

   credits percent credits?
part whole percent   
  unknown part percent whole
Part   unknown  Percent  unknown 

Whole     Always  Part   unknown  Percent

How much is % of $? Whole     Always 
48.
   55. % of  people is how many
part percent whole people?
unknown     
part  unknown   Percent percent whole part
   unknown
whole     Always 
49. % prefer  is the total the number of Part  unknown   Percent

Whole     Always 
salad number of customers who prefer
dressing customers salad dressing 56. $ is % of what number?
     
percent whole part part percent whole
  unknown   unknown
Part  unknown   Percent Part     Percent
 
Whole     Always  Whole  unknown   Always 
50. % of the total is  students. 57. % total number is  people.
   of surveyed
percent whole part   
 unknown  percent whole part
Part     Percent  unknown 

Whole  unknown   Always  Part     Percent

51.  students is what of ?
percent 58.  is what of 
   cars percent cars?
part percent whole   
 unknown  part percent whole
Part   unknown  Percent  unknown 

Whole     Always  Part   unknown  Percent

Whole     Always 
52.  is % of what
cups capacity? 59. % of  toys is what number?
     
part percent whole percent whole part
  unknown   unknown
Part     Percent Part  unknown   Percent
 
Whole  unknown   Always  Whole     Always 
53. % of  adults is how many 60.  is what of ,
adults? sports fans percent sports fans?
     
percent whole part part percent whole
  unknown  unknown ,
Part  unknown   Percent Part   unknown  Percent

 
Whole     Always  Whole  ,   Always 

6.4 Using Proportions to Solve Percent Problems 229
6.4 Using Proportions to Solve Percent 2. (a) % of , xrays  %  
Write % in decimal form as 
Problems part  ,  
6.4 Margin Exercises % of , xrays is  xrays.
1. (a) % of  patients (b) % of  miles  %  
percent is ; whole is  part    
part percent % of  miles is  miles.

whole 
(c) % of  dosages  %  
   
 OR  part    
    % of  dosages is  dosages.
 •    • 
 •    (d) % of $  %  
 part    
 •
 
 % of $ is $.
 

   3. (a) Step 1 The problem asks us to find the
number of pieces of mail that are advertising
% of  patients is  patients. pieces.
(b) % of $
Step 2 The total number of pieces is , so the
percent is ; whole is  whole is . The percent is . To find the
part percent number of advertising pieces, find the part.

whole 
    Step 3  is about  and % is about
 OR  %, or   To get an estimate, multiply  by 

   
 •    •  to get 
 •  
 Step 4 Write % in decimal form as .
 
   part   • 
% of $ is $.  
(c) % of  miles Step 5 There were  advertising pieces of
percent is ; whole is  mail.
part percent
 Step 6 The exact answer, , is close to the
whole  estimate, .
 

  (b) Step 1 The problem asks us to find the
 •    •  number of students who wear glasses or contact
 •  , lenses.

 
   Step 2 The total number of students is , so
the whole is . The percent is . To find the
% of  miles is  miles.
number of students who wear glasses or contact
(d) % of  kilowatts lenses, find the part.
percent is ; whole is 
Step 3  is about , and % is about
part percent %, or 
 To get an estimate, multiply ,

whole  
by  to get 
 

  Step 4 part    
 •    • 
 •  , Step 5  students wear glasses or contact
 lenses.
 
   Step 6 The exact answer, , is close to the
% of  kilowatts is  kilowatts. estimate, .

4. (a) part is ; percent is  (b) Step 1 The problem asks us to find the total
    weight of a batch of cake mix.
 OR 
    Step 2 The percent is . The part is
 •    •   pounds. The whole is unknown.
  
 contestants is % of  who auditioned. Step 3 % is close to %, or  , and the part
 is close to .  is about  of the total
(b) part is ; percent is  weight, so multiply  by  to get  as an
    estimate.
 OR 
   
 •    •  Step 4 part is ; percent is 
•     
  OR 
     
    •    • 
 antiques is % of  antiques. • ,

 
(c) part is ; percent is    
   
 OR  Step 5  pounds of sugar is % of 
   
 •    •  pounds of cake mix.
• 
 Step 6 The exact answer matches the estimate.
 
   6. (a) part is ; whole is 
 customers is % of  customers.
   
(d) part is ; percent is   OR 
   
   •    • 
 
  
 • 
 •    
 
 •  , 
   
 
  
$ is % of $.
 miles is % of  miles.
(b) part is ; whole is 
5. (a) Step 1 The problem asks us to find the total
number of tons in the crop.    
 OR 
Step 2 The percent is . The part is  tons.    
 •    • 
The whole is unknown.
 •  
Step 3 % is about %, or  , and  is about 
 
.  is about  of the total tons, so multiply   
 by  to get  as an estimate.
 Internet companies is % of  Internet
    companies.
Step 4  OR 
   
 •    •  (c) part is ; whole is 

 •
     
  OR 
     
  •    • 
    •  ,

Step 5  tons is % of  tons.  
  
Step 6 The exact answer, , is close to the
estimate, .  trials is % of  trials.
7. (a) part is ; whole is  5. % of  military personnel

  part  

  part   military personnel
 •    • 
 •  , 6. % of  websites

 
   part  
part   websites
The bid price is % of the minimum.
7. % of  ft
(b) part is ; whole is 
  part  
 part   ft
 •   
 
8. % of $
 •  
 part  
 
   part  $
% of the tests were completed in the morning. 9. % of  files
8. (a) part is ; whole is  part  
    part   files
 OR 
   
 •    •  10. % of  trees
•  part  

  part   trees
  
The miles per gallon around town is % of the 11. % of  trucks
miles per gallon on the highway. part  
(b) part is ; whole is  part   trucks
    12. % of  loads
 OR 
   
 •    •  part  
•  part   loads

  13. % of $
  
part  
The service calls made were % of their goal for
the week. part  $
6.4 Section Exercises 14. % of $
1. To find the part using the multiplication shortcut, part  

use the formula part  $
part  percent • whole. 15. % of  tables

2. percent is ; whole is  part  
part   tables
part  percent • whole   •   
3. % of  test tubes 16. % of  apartments
part   part  

part   test tubes part   apartments
4. % of  rentals 17. % of  cell phones

part   part  
part   rentals part   cell phones

18. % of  kilograms 27. part is ; percent is 

part      
 OR 
part   kilograms    
 •    • 
19. % of $ • 

part    
part  $   
20. % of $  mountain bikes is % of  mountain

bikes.
part  
part  $ 28. part is ; percent is 
21. part is ; percent is     
 OR 
     
  •    • 
unknown   •  ,
22. part is ; percent is  
 
    

unknown   graduates is % of  graduates.
23. part is ; percent is 
29. part is ; percent is 
   
 OR   
    
 •    •   
 •   ,
• 
  •  ,
  
    
  
% of  hay bales is  hay bales.
  % of  is .
24. part is ; percent is 
30. part is ; percent is  
   
 OR   
    
 •    •   
 •    •    • 
  •  ,
  
    
  
% of  experiments is  experiments.
  % of  is .
25. part is ; percent is 
    31. part is ; whole is 
 OR 
     unknown
 •    •  
 
• 
 32. part is ; whole is 
 
    unknown

 successful students is % of  students.  
33. part is ; whole is 
26. part is ; percent is 
       
 OR   OR 
       
 •    •   •    • 
•   •  
 
   
     
 text messages is % of  text messages.  hybrid cars is % of  hybrid cars.
34. part is ; whole is  40. part is ; whole is 
     
 OR  
     
 •    •   •    • 
 •    •  
 
   
   
 tweets is % of  tweets.  employees is % (rounded) of 
employees.
35. part is ; whole is 
    41. % of $ cannot be less than $ because
 OR  % is greater than  (%). The answer must
   
 •    •  be greater than $.
 •   % of $ cannot be greater than $ because
 % is less than  (%). The answer must be
 
less than $.
  
42. Answers will vary. One example is:
 downloaded songs is % of  downloaded
There are  vehicles in the parking lot and  of
songs.
them are pickup trucks. What percent are pickup
36. part is ; whole is  trucks? Total vehicles, , is the whole, and the
    number of pickup trucks, , is the part.
 OR 
     
 •   
  
   •   
   

 •  
 cartons is % of  cartons. 

 

37. part is ; whole is 
   or %
   
 OR  43. (a) part is unknown; whole is ; percent is 
   
 •    •     
 OR 
 •      
  •    • 
 
    •  

 
$ is % (rounded) of $.
  
38. part is ; whole is 
The amount withheld is $.
   
 OR  (b) The amount remaining after the withholdings
    is $  $  $.
 •    • 
 •   44. (a) whole is ,; percent is ; part is

  unknown
    

$ is % (rounded) of $. , 
 •   , • 
39. part is ; whole is 
 •  ,
  
  
      
 •    • 
 •   About  accidents were caused by driver
 distractions.
 
   (b) The number of accidents caused by other
factors is ,    ,.
 tires is % of  tires.
45. part is unknown; whole is ; percent is  (b) The number of trips not using public
transportation is
 
 ,,  ,  ,,
 
 •    •  or  million   million   million.
 •  ,
 50. (a) whole is ; percent is ; part is unknown
 
      
 OR 
   
The number of people who check their e-mails  •    • 
while working is .  •  ,

46. part is unknown; whole is ; percent is   
  
 
 The number of workers who recycle bottles and
 
 •    •  cans is .
 •  , (b) whole is ; percent is ; part is unknown

     
      OR 
   
The number of people who check their e-mails in  •    • 
bed is  (rounded).  •  ,

 
47. part is unknown; whole is ; percent is    
  The number of workers who recycle paper

  products and newspapers is .
 •    • 
51. % of the children go to bed without brushing, so
 •  , %  %  % brush their teeth before

  going to bed.
    
52. % of the children do not floss, so
The number of people who check their e-mails as %  %  % do floss.
soon as they wake up is  (rounded).
53. % of     
48. part is unknown; whole is ; percent is   of the  children brush less than one
minute.
 
 54. % of     
 
 •    •   of the  children brush only once a day.
 •  , 55. part is ; whole is ,; percent is unknown

     
      OR 
,   
The number of people who check their e-mails  •    • 
during meals is  (rounded).  •  

 
49. (a) part is unknown; whole is ,,; percent

is 
There are % of these jobs filled by women.
 
 56. part is ,; whole is ,; percent is
,, 
  unknown
OR  ,   
,,   OR 
 •   ,, •  ,   
 •  ,,  •    • 
  •  
  
  ,  
  
The number of trips using public transportation is
, or  million. They can identify % (rounded) of the words.
57. part is ; whole is unknown; percent is % 66. part is unknown; whole is ; percent is 
   
 
   
 •    •   •    • 
 •  ,  •  ,
 
   
     
She has monthly earnings of $ and yearly  of the drivers in the – age group were
earnings of $  $,. pulled over by the police.
58. whole is unknown; percent is ; part is 67. percent is ; whole is ,; part is unknown
,,    
,,   OR 
 ,  , 
   •   , • 
 •    • ,,  •  ,
 •  ,,, 
  
    ,
  ,,
,  ,  
The total number of income tax returns that were  products were successful.
filed  years ago was ,, (rounded).
68. part is ,; percent is ; whole is unknown
59. After "Other" and "Private Label," the brand that
was purchased most often was Breyers. , 

 
60. %  %  % of ice cream purchases  •   , • 
were of "Private Label" or "Other" brands.  •  ,,

61. % of  people  
  ,
part    
part   people (rounded) The amount of the investment is $,.
.. 69. If % of her customers paid for their orders using
 people said they purchase Haagen-Dazs.
Pay Pal, then %  %  %, used some
62. %  %  % more people said they other method of payment.
purchase Blue Bell than Ben & Jerry's. part is unknown; whole is ; percent is 
part        
part   people (rounded)  OR 
   
 more people said they purchase Blue Bell than  •   • 

Ben & Jerry's.  
 •  
63. % of the drivers in the – age group were 
 
pulled over by the police, so   
%  %  % were not.
 customers used some other method of
64. % of the drivers in the  age group were payment.
pulled over by the police, so
%  %  % were not. 70. (a) If a family spends % of its earnings, then it
saves %  %  %.
65. part is unknown; whole is ; percent is  part is unknown; whole is ; percent is 
     
  OR 
     
 •    •   •  
 •  , 
  
    
  
The monthly savings is $.
 of the drivers in the – age group were
pulled over by the police. (b) The annual savings is $  $.
Relating Concepts (Exercises 71–78) 6.5 Using the Percent Equation

71. In the percent proportion, part is to whole as
percent is to . 6.5 Margin Exercises
72. All percent problems involve a comparison 1. (a) % of  policyholders  %  
between a part of something and the whole.
part  percent • whole
73. Since there are  grams of total carbohydrates per part  
serving, and there are  calories per gram of part  
carbohydrates, there are
 policy holders is % of  policyholders.
 •   
calories per serving from total carbohydrates. (b) % of  gallons  %  
74. % of what number is  grams? part  percent • whole

part is ; whole is unknown; percent is    
    

   gallons is % of  gallons.
 •    • 
•  (c) % of $  %  

 
   part  percent • whole
  
 grams of total carbohydrates are needed to
  
meet the recommended daily value.
75. % of what number is  grams? $ is % of $.
part is ; whole is unknown; percent is  (d) % of $  %  
   
 OR  part  percent • whole
   
 •    •    
•    

  $ is % of $.
  
 grams (rounded) of fat are needed to meet the (e) % of  fruit cups  %  
recommended daily value. part  percent • whole
76. % of what number is  grams?   
part is ; whole is unknown; percent is  
     fruit cups is % of  fruit cups.
 OR 
   
•  • (f) % of  lab tests  %  
  
 grams of saturated fat are needed to meet the   
recommended daily value. 
77. Yes, since they would eat  lab tests is % of  lab tests.
%   servings  % of the daily value.
78. Each package has  servings and each serving has 2. (a)  is % of what number?
% of the recommended daily value of fiber. part  percent • whole
% %    %  
  
 • % %  

 packages (rounded) would have to be eaten. It  
may be possible but would result in a diet that is   
high in total fat, saturated fat, sodium, and total
 dancers is % of  dancers.
carbohydrates.
6.5 Using the Percent Equation 237
(b)  is % of what number? (d) The whole is  and the part is .
part  percent • whole part  percent • whole
   %      • 
    • 
 
   
     
 containers is % of  containers.  is %.
(c)  is % of what number?  world class runners is % of  runners.
part  percent • whole 6.5 Section Exercises

   %   1. % of  text messages
 
 The percent sign follows , so write percent next
 
   to 
 inoculations is % of  inoculations. There are  total messages, so write whole next
to  (also,  follows of ).
(d)   % of what number is ?
2. % of  forums
 The percent sign follows , so write percent next
    %  %   to 

 
 There are  forums, so write whole next to
   (also,  follows of ).
  
3. part  percent • whole
  % of  policies is  policies.
   %  
3. (a) The whole is  and the part is .   
part  percent • whole % of  blood donors is  blood donors.
   • 
  •  4. part  percent • whole
    %  
 
     
 is %. % of  MP3 players is  MP3 players.

% of  Facebook friends is  Facebook friends.
(b) The whole is  and the part is .    %  
  
   •  % of  bath towels is  bath towels.
  • 
 6. part  percent • whole
 
   %  
  
  
 is %.
 post office boxes is % of  post office % of  dosages is  dosages.
boxes. 7. part  percent • whole
(c) The whole is  and the part is .    %  
  
   •  % of  quarts is  quarts.
  • 
 8. part  percent • whole
 
      %  
  
 is %.
% of  invitations is  invitations. % of  liters is  liters.
9. part  percent • whole 18. part  percent • whole

   %      %  
    

 
 air bags is % of  air bags.   
10. part  percent • whole  classrooms is % of  classrooms.
   %  
   19. part  percent • whole
   %  
% of  hamburgers is  hamburgers.  

11. part  percent • whole  
  
   %  
   % of  salads is  salads.
% of  meters is  meters. 20. part  percent • whole
   %  
 
   %   
 
     
% of  miles is  miles. % of  wrenches is  wrenches.
13. part  percent • whole 21. part  percent • whole
   %        %  %  
    

$ is % of $.  
  
  % of  people is  people.
   %  
   22. part  percent • whole
     %  %  
% of $ is $.
 
15. % of what number of backpackers is  
 
backpackers?   
The percent sign follows , so write percent next   % of  batteries is  batteries.
to 
"What number" follows of, so it is the "whole."      %  %  
 is the given portion of the whole, so write part  
next to . 
 
16.  lab tests is % of what number of lab tests?   
The percent sign follows , so write percent next   % of  gallons is  gallons.
to  24. part  percent • whole
"What number" follows of, so it is the "whole."      %  %  
 is the given portion of the whole, so write part  
next to . 
 
  
   %     % of  files is  files.
  25. When using the percent equation to solve for

  percent, you must always change the decimal
   answer to percent by moving the decimal point two
 patients is % of  patients. places to the right and attaching a % symbol.

6.5 Using the Percent Equation 239
26. When using the percent equation to solve for part 34. The correct answer is $. The error is in
or whole, you must always change the percent to a changing  % to a decimal.  %  %  ;
decimal by moving the decimal point two places to
the left and dropping the % symbol. $  $ Correct
27. part  percent • whole Here are the incorrect answers and how your
   •  classmates got them.
  •  
%  ;  $   $  Incorrect
 
  
%  ;  $   $  Incorrect
   

%  ;  $   $  Incorrect
 is %.  tuxedos is % of  tuxedos. 
28. part  percent • whole 35. % of  million

   •  part  percent • whole
  •    

    
  
 million or ,, office workers want
 is %.  iPods is % of  iPods.
more storage space.
   •  36. % of  ounces of shampoo
  •  part  percent • whole

    
     
 is %. % of  liters is  liters.
 ounces (rounded) in the -ounce bottle are
30. part  percent • whole water.
   • 
  •  37. (a) % of , people

  part  percent • whole
     ,
 is %. % of  meters is   
 meters.
The number of people in the survey who would
31. part  percent • whole rather admit their age is .
   • 
  •  (b) % of , people

  part  percent • whole
     ,
 is %.  cartons is % of  cartons.   
32. part  percent • whole The number of people in the survey who would
   •  rather admit their weight is .
  • 
 (c) % of , people
 
   part  percent • whole
 is %.  orders is % of  orders.   ,
33. You must first write the fraction in the percent as a   
decimal, then divide the percent by  to change The number of people in the survey who would
it to a decimal. rather admit their salary is .
38. % of  million
  ,,
  ,
 million or , samples have been given.
39. (a) % of , 43. part  percent • whole

   • 
  • 
  , 
 
  ,   
, households are expected to have a
 is %. % (rounded) of these
refrigerator.
Americans rate their health as excellent.
(b) ,  ,   households are
expected to not have a refrigerator 44. part  percent • whole
   • 
40. (a) % of ,   • 

part  percent • whole  
  
  ,
  ,  is %. They have planned %
(rounded) additional stores.
, households are expected to have a
dishwasher. 45. (a) The largest percent is %, so "Relatives" is
(b) ,  ,  , households are the type of day care used most often.
expected to not have a dishwasher (b) part  percent • whole
41. (a)  of the  states   
  
   •   families used "Relatives" for day care.
  • 
 46. (a) The smallest percent is %, so "Mother while
 
   working" is the type of day care used least often.
 is %
(b) part  percent • whole
% of the states do not have drive-in movies.   
  
(b) %  %  % of the states do have
drive-in movies.  families used "Mother while working" for day
care.
42. (a)  of  attorneys
part  percent • whole 47. part  percent • whole
   •    
  •    

   families used "Nanny or family day care
  
home" for day care.
 is %
% of the attorneys take work home during the
week.   
  
(b)  of  attorneys
 families used "Child care center or nursery
part  percent • whole school" for day care.
   • 
  •  49. part  percent • whole
   , %  
 
     
 is %
The average amount of loan debt increased by
% of the attorneys take work home on the $. Therefore, the average amount of loan is
weekend. $,  $  $,.
6.6 Solving Application Problems with Percent 241
50. First find the monthly earnings. Add the sales tax to the purchase price.
$ is % of what number?
$  $  $
Subtract the trade-in.
  
  $  $  $

 
The total cost to the customer is $.
  
$  $, 56. Find the increase in sales.
% of , is what number?
Her annual earnings are $,.
51. , is % of what number?   ,
  ,
,   Add the increase to last year's sales.
,  ,  ,  ,

 
,   To the nearest whole number, , cars were
sold this year.
In , , Mustangs (rounded) were sold.
6.6 Solving Application Problems with
52. $ is % of what number? Percent
6.6 Margin Exercises
  
1. Use the sales tax formula:
 

  amount of sales tax  rate of tax • cost of item
  
The sales tax rate is %.
His weekly sales were $.
(a) The cost of the bat is $.
  ,   %   amount of sales tax  %$
  ,   $
  $
There was an increase in sales of $,.
Therefore, the amount of sales this year is The total cost is $  $  $.
$,  $,  $,.
(b) The cost of the home theater system is $.
54. Find the increase in the mileage, then add it to the
amount of sales tax  %$
old mileage.
  $
part  percent • whole   $
  
   The total cost is $  $  $.
Mileage of      miles per gallon (c) The cost of the leather chair and ottoman is
(rounded) can be expected. $.
55. Find the sales tax. amount of sales tax  %$

  $
part  percent • whole   $
     %  
   The total cost is $  $  $.

(d) The cost of the pickup truck is $,. 4. (a) A commission of $ and sales worth
$,:
amount of sales tax  %$,
  $, part 

  $ whole 
 
The total cost is $,  $  $,. 
, 
2. Use the sales tax formula: , •    • 
, •  ,
sales tax  rate of tax • cost of item 
, ,
(a) The tax on a $ patio set is $. 
$   • $ The rate of commission is %.

  • 
 (b) A commission of $ and sales worth
 
   $,:
 is %. The sales tax rate is %. part 


whole 
(b) The tax on a $ park bench is $.  

$   • $ , 
  •  , •    • 
 , •  ,
  
   , ,

 is % or   %. The sales tax rate is %
or   %. The rate of commission is %.
(c) The tax on a $, Dodge Charger is 5. (a) % discount on a leather recliner priced at
$. $:
$   • $,
amount of discount
  • ,  rate of discount • original price

, ,  $
    $
 is %. The sales tax rate is %.
sale price
3. Use the commission formula:  original price  amount of discount
 $  $
amount of commission (c)  $
 rate of commission • amount of sales
The sale price for the Easy-Boy leather recliner is
(a) Rate of commission is %; sales are $,. $.
  %$,
(b) % discount on a sweater set priced at $.
  $,
  $ amount of discount  $
 $
Jill earned a commission of $ for selling
dental equipment. sale price  $  $
(b) Rate of commission is %; sales are $,.  $
  %$, The sale price for the sweater set is $.

  $,
  $, 6. (a) Production increased from , units to
, units.
Alyssa earned a commission of $, for selling
a home. increase  ,  ,  
amount of increase (part) percent 3. sales tax  rate of tax • cost of item

original value (whole)   %$
   $

,   $
, •    • 
, •  , The amount of sales tax is $ and the total cost
 is $  $  $.
, ,
   4. sales tax  rate of tax • cost of item
 %$
The percent of increase is %.
 $
(b) Flu cases rose from  cases to  cases.  $
increase       The amount of sales tax is $ and the total cost
is $  $  $.
   
 OR  5. sales tax  rate of tax • cost of item
   
 •    •  $   • $
•    • 
 
   
     
The percent of increase is %.  is %. The tax rate is % and the total cost is
$  $  $.
7. (a) The number of service calls decreased from
6. sales tax  rate of tax • cost of item
 to 
$   • $
decrease         • 

amount of decrease (part)   
   
original value (whole) 
   is %. The tax rate is % and the total cost is
 $  $  $.
 
 •    •  7. sales tax  rate of tax • cost of item
 •  
    %$,
 
    $,
 $
The percent of decrease is %.
The amount of sales tax is $ (rounded) and
(b) The number of workers decreased from  the total cost is $,  $  $,.
to . 8. sales tax  rate of tax • cost of item
decrease          %$,
   $,
  $
 
 •    •  The amount of sales tax is $ (rounded) and
 •  , the total cost is $,  $  $,.

  9. When solving commission problems, the whole is
   the sales amount, the percent is the commission
The percent of decrease is %. rate, and the part is the commission.
10. To find the commission, multiply the rate of the
commission by the sales amount.
1. When solving a sales tax problem, the cost of an 11. commission  rate of commission • sales
item is the whole, the sales tax rate is the percent,  %$
and the amount of sales tax is the part.
 $
2. To find the amount of sales tax, multiply the sales  $
tax rate by the cost of the item. The total cost is
The amount of commission is $.
the cost of the item plus the sales tax.
12. commission  rate of commission • sales 20. discount  rate of discount • original price
 %$  %$
 $  $
 $  $
The amount of commission is $. The amount of discount is $ (rounded) and the
sale price is $  $  $.
part percent
13. 
whole  21. discount  rate of discount • original price
    $   • $
 OR    • 
    
 •    •   
•    

   is %. The rate of discount is % and the
  
sale price is $  $  $.
The rate of commission is %. 22. discount  rate of discount • original price
part percent $   • $
14. 
whole    • 

   
   
 
 •    •   is %. The rate of discount is % and the
 •  , sale price is $  $  $.

 
   23. sales tax  rate of tax • cost of item
 %$
The rate of commission is %.  $
15. commission  rate of commission • sales  $
 %$ The amount of discount is $ and the sale price
 $ is $  $  $.
 $
24. discount  rate of discount • original price
The amount of commission is $ (rounded).  %$
16. commission  rate of commission • sales  $
 %$  $
 $ The amount of discount is $ and the sale
 $ price is $  $  $.
The amount of commission is $ (rounded). 25. Answers will vary. A sample answer follows:
On the basis of commission alone you would
17. When solving retail sales discount problems, the choose Company A. Other considerations might
original price is always the whole, the rate of be: reputation of the company; expense
discount is the percent, and the amount of discount allowances; other employee benefits; travel;
is the part. promotion and training.
18. To find the sale price in a retail discount problem, 26. Some answers might be:
subtract the amount of the discount from the calculating percent pay increases or decreases;
original price. changes in the cost of utilities, groceries, gasoline,
and insurance; changes in the value of investments;
the economy (inflation or deflation).
 %$
 $ 27. The cost of  skillets is
 $ $  $.
The amount of discount is $ (rounded) and Since the cost of the skillets is "$ or more,"
the sale price is $  $  $. we need to add $ for shipping and insurance.

The sales tax is 32. sales tax  tax rate • cost of item
%$  $  $. $   • $
  • 
Thus, the total cost is 
 
$  $  $  $ (rounded).   
28. The cost of  sets of towels is  is %. The sales tax rate is % (rounded).
$  $. 33. increase  ,  ,  ,

Since the cost of the towels is "$ to $," increase 

we need to add $ for shipping and insurance. original 
The sales tax is , 

%$  $  $. , 
, •   , • 
Thus, the total cost is , •  ,,000

$  $  $  $ (rounded). , ,
  
29. The cost of  pop-up hampers is
The percent of increase is % (rounded).
$  $.
The cost of  nonstick mini donut pans is 34. increase  ,  ,  ,
$  $. increase 


original 
The cost of the hampers and pans is
, 
$  $  $. Since this cost is 
, 
"$ to $," we need to add $ for
shipping and insurance. , •   , • 
The sales tax is , •  ,,00

, ,
%$  $  $.   
Thus, the total cost is
The percent of increase is % (rounded).
$  $  $  $ (rounded).
35. decrease      
30. The cost of  coach lamp bird feeders is
decrease 
$  $. 
original 
The cost of  garden weather centers is  

 
$  $.  •    • 
The cost of the feeders and centers is  •  

$  $  $. Since this cost is  
"$ or more," we need to add $ for   
shipping and insurance.
The percent of decrease is %.
The sales tax is
%$  $  $. 36. decrease      
Thus, the total cost is decrease 


original 
$  $  $  $ (rounded).  

31. sales tax  rate of tax • cost of item  
$   • $  •    • 
  •   •  
 
   
     
 is %. The rate of sales tax is %. The percent of decrease is % (rounded).
37. discount  rate of discount • original price 45. The price decreased $  $  $.
 %$
decrease 
 $ 
original 
 $  

The sale price of the coat is $  $  $.  
 •    • 
38. amount of discount  rate of discount • original price
 •  
 %$ 
 
 $
  
 $
The sale price of the washer/dryer set is The percent of decrease in price is %.
$  $  $. 46. The cost for generating electricity from the sun has
39. commission  rate of commission • sales been brought down from  cents per kilowatt
 %$, hour to  cents.
 $,
decrease       cents
 $
decrease 
Strong's commission is $. 
original 
40. commission  rate of commission • sales
 %$,    
 OR 
 $,    
 •    • 
 $
• 
Ferns' commission is $. 
 
41. commission  rate of commission • sales   
$   • $, The percent of decrease is % (rounded).
  • ,

, , 47. discount  rate of discount • original price
    %$
 is %  $
 $
The rate of commission for Keyes is %.
42. commission  rate of commission • sales The sale price is $  $  $.
$   • $, sales tax  rate of tax • cost of item
  • ,  %$

, ,  $
    $
 is about %
The cost of the dictionary is
The rate of commission for Vargas is
$  $  $ (rounded).
% (rounded).
43. discount  rate of discount • original price 48. discount  rate of discount • original price
 %$  %$
 $  $
 $
 $
The discount is $, and the sale price is The sale price is $  $  $.
$  $  $.
sales tax  rate of tax • cost of item
44. discount  rate of discount • original price  %$
 %$,  $
 $,  $
 $
The cost of the fax machine is
The discount is $, and the sale price is $  $  $ (rounded).
$,  $  $,.
6.7 Simple Interest 247
49. sales commission  rate of commission • sales 55. The fly fishing rod and the spinning rod cost
 %$, $  $  $.
 $,
 $ excise tax  rate of tax • cost of item
 %$
The sales representative gets  $
%  %  %
 $
commission for agent  %$
 $
 $    %$
 $
The agent receives $.
 $ (rounded)
50. member fee  %$,,
 $,, The total cost is $  $  $  $
 $, (rounded).
association fee  %member fee 56. From Exercise 55, the two taxes added together
 $, give us a total tax of $  $  $.
 $, The combined tax rate is %  %  %.
The association will get $,. sales tax  rate of tax • cost of item
51. discount  rate of discount • original price  %$
 %$,  $
 $,  $ (rounded)
 $
Yes, the answers are the same since both taxes are
The sale price is calculated on the same selling price.
$,  $  $,.
   %$
   %$,
 $
 $,
 $
 $
Excise tax from table: $
The total cost of the boat is
$,  $  $, (rounded). The total cost is
52. amount of discount $  $  $  $.
 rate of discount • original price
58. No. In Exercise 57 the excise tax of $ cannot
 %$,
be added to the sales tax rate of   % because the
 $,
excise tax is an amount, not a percent.
 $
The sale price is $,  $  $. 6.7 Simple Interest
sales tax  rate of tax • cost of item 6.7 Margin Exercises
   %$ 1. (a) $ at % for  year
 $
  ••
 $
 
The total price is  
$  $  $.
The interest is $.
Relating Concepts (Exercises 53–58)
(b) $ at % for  year
53. The percent equation is
  ••
 
54. The sales tax formula is  
sales tax  rate (percent) of tax • cost of item The interest is $.
2. (a) $ at % for   years (b) $, at % for  years
  ••   ••
   ,
   
The interest is $. The interest is $.

total amount due  principal  interest
(b) $ at % for   years
 $,  $
  ••  $,
 
The total amount due is $,.
 
(c) $ at   % for   years
The interest is $.
  ••
(c) $, at % for   years
 
  ••  
 , The interest is $.
 
The interest is $.  $  $
3. (a) $ at % for  months  $
  •• The total amount due is $.

   

  months 6.7 Section Exercises
       
 
year 1.   % is the same as %, and is written as a
 decimal as .
  

2.   % is the same as %, and is written as a
The interest is $. decimal as .
(b) $, at   % for  months 3.   years is written as a decimal as  years.
  years is written as a decimal as  years.

 ,  
 
  •• 4.
    
5. $ at % for  year
   ••
    


The interest is $.
The interest is $.
4. (a) $ at   % for  months
6. $ at % for  year
  ••
    
   ••
    
 


   The interest is $.

The interest is $. 7. $ at % for  years
total amount due  principal  interest   ••

 $  $  
 $  
The total amount due is $. The interest is $.

8. $ at % for  years 16.  months
  ••     
  fraction
      
  •  
      decimal
  •  
The interest is $. 17. $ at % for  months
9. $ at   % for   years
  
 
  ••
   
  ••
 

   

The interest is $. The interest is $.
10. $ at   % for   years 18. $ at % for  months
   
  ••   ••
  
   
 
The interest is $.
The interest is $.
11. $, at   % for   years
19. $ at % for  months
  ••
   
  ••
 ,
  
 
The interest is $.  
12. $, at   % for   years The interest is $.

20. $ at % for  months
 ,  
  ••
   
  ••
 

   
The interest is $.  
The interest is $.
13.  months
21. $ at   % for  months
  
  fraction
    
  
 
  ••
  •  
decimal
   
   
  •  
14.  months   (rounded)
   The interest is $.
  fraction
    
  •   22. $ at   % for  months
    decimal
  •  
  
 
  ••
15.  months
      
  fraction
       (rounded)
  •  
    decimal The interest is $.
  •  
23. $, at   % for  months 28. $ at % for  years
 , 
 
  ••   ••
 
  
   
  (rounded)  
The interest is $. The interest is $.
24. $, at   % for  months total amount due  principal  interest

 $  $
 ,  
  ••
 $
  

   The total amount due is $.
  (rounded) 29. $ at % for  months
The interest is $.
   
  ••
25. $ at % for  year 
  ••  
   
  The interest is $.
The interest is $. total amount due  principal  interest
total amount due  principal  interest  $  $
 $  $  $
 $
The total amount due is $.
The total amount due is $.
30. $ at % for  months
26. $ at % for  months
  
 
  ••
  
 
  ••
  
 
     

  The interest is $.

The interest is $. total amount due  principal  interest
total amount due  principal  interest  $  $
 $  $  $  $
The total amount due is $. The total amount due is $.
27. $ at % for  months 31. $ at   % for  months
  
 
  ••
  
 
  ••
   

 
   (rounded)
  

The interest is $.
The interest is $.
 $  $
 $  $
 $
 $
The total amount due is $. The total amount due is $ (rounded).

32. $ at   % for  year 37. $ at % for  years
  ••   ••
   
   
He will earn $ in interest.
The interest is $.
38. $, at % for  years
 $  $   ••
 $  ,000
 ,
The total amount due is $.
She will earn $, in interest.
33. $, at   % for  months
39. $, at % for  months
 , 
 
  ••
 ,  
  ••
   


 ,
  (rounded)  ,
The interest is $. The amount of interest is $,.
total amount due  principal  interest 40. $, at % for  months

 $,  $
 , 
 
  ••
 $,
The total amount due is $, (rounded).  
 
34. $, at   % for  months
The family will earn $ in interest.
 , 
 
  •• 41. $ at % for  months
   
  
 
  ••
  
 
  (rounded)
The interest is $.   (rounded)
total amount due  principal  interest The interest is $.
 $,  $ total amount due  principal  interest
 $,  $  $
The total amount due is $, (rounded).  $
35. The answer should include: The total amount due is $ (rounded).
Amount of principal—This is the amount of money 42. $ at % for  months
borrowed or loaned.
  
 
Interest rate—This is the percent used to calculate   ••
   
the interest.
Time of loan—The length of time that money is 
loaned or borrowed is an important factor in  

determining interest.
The interest is $.
36. When time is given in months, the number of
months is placed over  because there are  total amount due  principal  interest
months in a year. This becomes a fraction of a  $  $
year. For example,  $
 months  
year  
year   year. The total amount due is $.
 

43. $, at   % for  months 49. The total cost of the bird cages is
 • $  $.
 ,  
  ••
   


The amount borrowed is % of $.
    
  
He will earn $ in interest.
44. $, at   % for  months $ at   % for   years
  ••
 ,  
  ••
 

 
 
 
 ,
The amount of interest they will owe is The interest is $.
$,.
45. $ at   % for  months  $  $
 $
  
 
  ••
The total amount due is $.
   

50. The total cost of the earth movers is
 
 • $,  $,,.
She will earn $ in interest every  months.
46. $ at   % for  months The amount borrowed is % of $,,.
  ,,
  
 
  ••
  ,,
  $,, at   % for   years
  (rounded)
  ••
The amount of the penalty is $ (rounded).  ,,
47. (a) $ at   % for   years  ,
  •• The interest is $,.

  total amount due  principal  interest
   $,,  $,
   $,,
The interest is $. The total amount due is $,,.
(b) The total amount in the account is
$  $  $. 6.8 Compound Interest
48. (a) $, at   % for   years 6.8 Margin Exercises
  •• 1. (a) $ at % for  years
 ,
  Year Interest Compound Amount
 $ $  $
 
 $  $
The interest will be $.  $ $  $
 $  $
(b) The total amount he must repay is
$,  $  $,. The compound amount is $.

6.8 Compound Interest 253
(b) $ at % for  years (c) $, at   % for  years 

table  
Year Interest Compound Amount
 $ $  $ compound amount  $,
 $  $  $,
 $ $  $ interest  $,  $,
 $  $  $,
 $ $  $ 6.8 Section Exercises
 $  $ 1. The statement is false. Compound interest will
The compound amount is $ (rounded). yield more interest than simple interest.
2. When using compound interest, the amount of
2. (a) $ at % for  years
interest earned at the end of a compound interest
%  %  %   period will be added to the amount of the principal
$
  $ at the beginning of that period.
 times 3. $ at % for  years
The compound amount is $ (rounded). Year Interest Compound Amount
 $ $  $
(b) $ at % for  years
 $  $
%  %  %    $ $  $
$
  $  $  $
 times The compound amount is $.
The compound amount is $. 4. $ at % for  years
(c) $ at % for  years Year Interest Compound Amount
 $ $  $
%  %  %  
$
 $  $
  $
 $ $  $
 times  $  $
The compound amount is $ (rounded).  $ $  $
 $  $
3. Read from the compound interest table.
The compound amount is $ (rounded).
(a) $ at % for  years: $  $
5. $ at % for  years
(b) $ at % for  years: $  $ Year Interest Compound Amount
(c) $ at   % for  years: $  $  $ $  $
 $  $
4. Use the table and multiply to find the compound  $ $  $
amount. Then subtract the original deposit from  $  $
the compound amount to find the interest.
 $ $  $
(a) $ at % for  years  table    $  $
compound amount  $ The compound amount is $ (rounded).
 $ 6. $ at % for  years
interest  $  $
 $ Year Interest Compound Amount
 $ $  $
(b) $, at   % for  years   $  $
table    $ $  $
compound amount  $,  $  $
 $,  $ $  $
interest  $,  $,  $  $
 $ The compound amount is $ (rounded).

7. $ at % for  years 15. $ at % for  years

Year Interest Compound Amount %  %  %  
 $ $  $ $
 $  $   $
 $ $  $
 $  $ The compound amount is $ (rounded).
 $ $  $ 16. $, at % for  years
 $  $
 $ $  $ %  %  %  
 $  $ $,
  $,
The compound amount is $ (rounded).
The compound amount is $, (rounded).
8. $ at % for  years
17. $, at % for  years
Year Interest Compound Amount
 $ $  $ %  %  %  
 $  $ $,
 $ $  $  $,
 $  $ The compound amount is $, (rounded).
 $ $  $
 $  $ 18. $, at % for  years
 $ $  $ %  %  %  
 $  $ $,
The compound amount is $ (rounded).   $,
9. To find the compound amount for a deposit of The compound amount is $, (rounded).
$ at % for  years, you can multiply 19. $ at % for  years
$  % column, row  of the table gives .
$ (rounded).
20. $ at % for  years
10. To find the compound amount for a deposit of
$ at % for  years, you can multiply % column, row  of the table gives .
$  $. 21. $ at % for  years
11. $ at % for  years % column, row  of the table gives .
%  %  %   22. $ at % for  years
$  $
% column, row  of the table gives .
The compound amount is $.
23. $ at % for  years
12. $ at % for  years
% column, row  of the table gives .
%  %  %  
$  $ compound amount  $
 $
The compound amount is $ (rounded).
interest  compound amount  original deposit
13. $ at % for  years
interest  $  $
%  %  %  
 $
$  $ 
24. $, at % for  years
The compound amount is $ (rounded).
% column, row  of the table gives .
14. $ at % for  years
compound amount  $,
%  %  %  
 $,
$  $
interest  $,  $,
The compound amount is $ (rounded).  $
6.8 Compound Interest 255
25. $ at % for  years 33. (a) $, at % compounded annually for 
years
% column, row  of the table gives .
% column, row  from the table is .
compound amount  $
compound amount  $,
 $
 $,
interest  $  $
 $ The total amount that should be repaid is
$,.
26. $ at % for  years
(b) The amount of interest earned is
% column, row  of the table gives . $,  $,  $,
compound amount  $ 34. (a) $, at % compounded annually for 
 $, years
interest  $,  $ % column, row  from the table is .
 $
compound amount  $,
27. $ at   % for  years  $,
% column, row  of the table gives . The total amount that they will have at the end of
 years is $,.
compound amount  $
 $,
interest  $,  $ $,  $,  $,.
 $ (rounded) 35. (a) $, at % compounded annually for 
years
28. $, at   % for  years
% column, row  from the table is .
% column, row  of the table gives .
compound amount  $,
compound amount  $,  $,
 $,
After  years she will have $,. After the
interest  $,  $, $, deposit, she will have $,.
 $ (rounded)
% column, row  from the table is .
29. Compound interest is interest paid on past interest
compound amount  $,
as well as on the principal. Many people describe
 $,
compound interest as "interest on interest."
The total amount will be $, (rounded).
30. Compound amount is the total amount, original
deposit plus interest on deposit, at the end of the (b) The amount of interest earned is
compound interest period. The interest is found by $,  $,  $,  $,.
subtracting the original deposit from the compound 36. (a) $, at % compounded annually for 
amount. years
31. $, at % compounded annually for  years % column, row  from the table is .
% column, row  of the table gives . compound amount  $,
 $,
compound amount  $,
 $, After  years she will have $,. After the
second $, deposit, she will have $,.
He will have $, at the end of  years. % column, row  from the table is .
32. $, at   % compounded annually for  years compound amount  $,
  % column, row  of the table gives .  $,
After  years she will have $, (rounded).
compound amount  $,
 $, (b) The amount of interest earned is
$,  $,  $,  $,.
She must repay $,.
Relating Concepts (Exercises 37–42) Chapter 6 Review Exercises

37. The formula for simple interest is 1. %  
Interest  principal • rate • time Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
or    •  • .
 places to the left.
2. %  
38. The formula for the total amount due is
Total amount due  principal  interest.  places to the left.
39. Compound interest is interest calculated on 3. %  
principal plus past interest.
40. Compound amount is the original
4. %  
principal  compound interest. Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
41. (a) $ at % simple interest for  years:
5.   %
$  $ Move the decimal point  places to the right and
$ at % compounded annually for  years attach a percent sign.
(use the table): 6.   %
$  $ Move the decimal point  places to the right and
$  $  $
7.   %
The difference in the amount of interest is Move the decimal point  places to the right and
$  $  $. attach a percent sign.
(b) $ at % simple interest for  years: 8.   %
$  $ Move the decimal point  places to the right and
$ at % compounded annually for  years     
(use the table): 9. %   
    
$  $   •     
10. %    
$  $  $   •     
     
The difference is $  $  $. 11. %    
     
No, it has more than doubled. It is about five times   
as much $  $  . 12. %   
  
(c) Examples will vary.  
13. 
42. (a) $, at % simple interest for  years:  
 •    • 
$,  $ • 

$,  $  $,  
  
$ at % compounded annually for  years 
(use the table): Thus, 
 %.
 
$  $, 14. 
 
The compound interest account has the higher  •    • 
balance. It has $,  $,  $ • 
more. 
 
(b) Greater amounts of interest are earned with   
compound interest than with simple interest Thus, 
  % or   %.
because interest is earned on both principal and
past interest. 15.     

   %
Chapter 6 Review Exercises 257
  28.  curtains is % of what number of curtains?

16. 
  Part     Percent
 •    •  
 •  
 29. A golfer lost  of his  golf balls.
 
   What percent were lost?
 Part   unknown  Percent
Thus,  %. 
 Whole     Always 
 
17.       30. What number is % of  keys?
 
     Part  unknown   Percent

 Whole     Always 
 31. whole is ; percent is ; part is unknown.
 part    
  % of  programs is  programs.
 
32. whole is ; percent is ; part is unknown.

   
18. From Exercise 17,   %.  OR 
   
      •    • 
19.     • 
     
 
20.   %   
      % of  reference books is  reference
21. %    
      books.
22. %     33. whole is ; percent is ; part is unknown.
23. part  , percent   part    
% of  acres is  acres.
   
 OR  34. whole is ; percent is ; part is unknown.
   
 •    •   

    
 •   
The whole is .  •  

24. whole  , percent    
  
   
 OR  % of  kilograms is  kilograms.
   
 •    •  35. part is ; percent is ; whole is unknown.
 •      
  OR 
     
    •    • 
The part is . • 

 
25. % of  mailboxes is  mailboxes.   
Part     Percent  crates is % of  crates.

Whole     Always  36. part is ; percent is ; whole is unknown.
26.  DVDs is what percent of  DVDs?    
 OR 
Part   unknown  Percent    
  •    • 
Whole     Always 
• 
27. Find % of  mountain bikes. 
 
Part  unknown   Percent   

Whole     Always   test tubes is % of  test tubes.
37. part is ; percent is ; whole is unknown. 43. Add % of  to . part is unknown; whole is
    ; percent is 
 OR   
    
 •    •   
•   •    • 

   •  
   
 
 miles is % of  miles.     
38. part is ; percent is ; whole is unknown. The number of shark attacks on humans this year
was      (rounded).
 
 44. part  ; whole  ; percent is unknown.
 
   •  
  (use a calculator)
 , 

  % of the shoppers are seniors.
  ,
% of , cases is  cases.
   %  
39. part is ; whole is ; percent is unknown.   
  % of $ is $.

 
 •    •  46. part  percent • whole
 •  ,    %  
   
 
   % of  trucks is  trucks.
 tulip bulbs is % of  tulip bulbs. 47. part  percent • whole
40. part is ; whole is ; percent is unknown.    • 
  • 
    
 OR   
      
 •    • 
 •    is %.  ounces is % of
  ounces.
 
   48. part  percent • whole
 dinner rolls is % (rounded) of  dinner    • 
rolls.   • 

 
41. part is ; whole is ; percent is unknown.   
     is %.  meters is % of
 OR 
     meters.
 •    • 
 •   49. part  percent • whole

    
    

 pairs is % (rounded) of  pairs.  
  
42. part is ; whole is ; percent is unknown.
 miles is % of  miles.
   
 OR  50. part  percent • whole
   
 •    •    
 •    
 
   
     
 cans is % (rounded) of  cans. $ is % of $.
51. sales tax  rate of tax • cost of item 58. $ at % for   years
 %$
  ••
 $
     
 $
 
The sales tax is $ and the total cost is  
$  $  $.
The interest is $.
$   • $ 59. $ at   % for  months
  • 
   
 
   ••
 
   
 
  
 is   %
 
The tax rate is   % and the total cost is
The interest is $.
$  $  $.
60. $ at   % for  months
53. commission  rate of commission • sales
 %$
    
  ••
 $
    

 $ 
The amount of the commission is $.  

54. commission  rate of commission • sales The interest is $
$   • $, 61. $ at   % for  years
  • ,
   ••
, ,
    
 is %  
The rate of commission is %. The total amount due is

$  $  $.
 %$ 62. $ at % for  months
 $
 1  
 
  ••
 $
The amount of discount is $ and the sale    
 
price is  
$  $  $. The total amount due is
56. discount  rate of discount • original price $  $  $.
$   • $ 63. $ at % for  years
  • 
 % column, row  of the table gives .
 
   compound amount  $
 is %  $
interest  $  $
The rate of discount is % and the sale price is
 $
$  $  $.
64. $ at % for  years
57. $ at % for  year
% column, row  of the table gives .
  ••
compound amount  $
   $
 interest  $  $
The interest is $.  $ (rounded)
65. $ at   % for  years 71. [6.5] % of $

  % column, row  of the table gives . part  percent • whole
  
compound amount  $
  
 $
interest  $  $ % of $ is $.
 $
72. [6.4] part is ; percent is ; whole is unknown.
66. $, at   % for  years    
 OR 
  % column, row  of the table gives .    
 •    • 
compound amount  $,   
 $,
 employees is % of  employees.
interest  $,  $,
 $ 73. [6.4] part is ; whole is ; percent is unknown.
67. [6.3] whole  , percent      
 OR 
part percent    
  •    • 
whole   •  
    
 OR   
      
 •    • 
 •   The percent is , written as %.
  chickens is % of  chickens.
 
   74. [6.4] part is ; percent is ; whole is
The part is . unknown.
68. [6.3] part  , percent    


 
part percent  •   

whole   •  ,

     
 OR    
   
 •    • 
 liters is % of  liters.
• ,

  75. [6.1] %  
   Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
The whole is .
76. [6.1] %  
69. [6.5] % of  meters
part  percent • whole two places to the left.
   77. [6.1]   %
   Attach two zeros so the decimal point can be
% of  meters is  meters. moved two places to the right. Attach a percent
sign.
70. [6.3] part is ; whole is ; percent is
unknown. 78. [6.1]   %
  attach a percent sign.

 
 •    •  79. [6.1] %  
 •  , Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
 two places to the left.
 
  
80. [6.1]   %
The percent is , written as %. Move the decimal point two places to the right and
 cars is % of  cars. attach a percent sign.
81. [6.1] %   92. [6.7] $, at % for  months

 1,%  
two places to the left.   ••

82. [6.1]   %  ,
 
  •   The interest is $ and the total amount due is
83. [6.2]      % $,  $  $,.
  •  
     93. [6.4] (a) part is ; whole is ;
84. [6.2] %    percent is unknown.
    
85. [6.2]  

 
 •        •   
%    
 •        •  ,

   
86. [6.2]    
 
 •    • 
The percent of adults who have a smoke alarm in
 •   
•  their home is % (rounded).

  (b) part is ; whole is ;

   or  percent is unknown.

   
 % or  % 
   
87. [6.2]  •   
 •  ,
  •       
 %      
  •         
  The percent of adults who have a carbon monoxide
88. [6.2] 
  detector in their home is % (rounded).
 •    • 
 •    94. [6.8] (a) $, at % compounded annually
•  for  years

  %  %  %  
  
 $, 
Thus,  %.
 $,
 •  The compound amount is $,.
89. [6.2] % 
 •  (b) The amount of interest is
    
  
, ,    $,  $,  $,.
  •   95. [6.6] Add the two sales.
90. [6.2]       %
  •  
$,  $,  $,
91. [6.7] $, at   % for  months
amount of commission
 ,  %  
  ••  rate of commission • amount of sales
    % $,

 ,    $,
  $
 
The commission that he earned was $.
The interest earned is $.
96. [6.6] increase       100. [6.6] decrease      
Use the percent proportion. Use the percent proportion.
 
  
  
   •   
 •    • 
 •  
 •  , 
  
    
  
The percent of decrease is % (rounded).
The increase is % (rounded).
Chapter 6 Test
97. [6.6] amount of discount 1. %  
 rate of discount • original price Drop the percent sign and move the decimal point
 %$ two places to the left.
 $ 2.   %
 $  is attached so the decimal point can be moved
two places to the right. Attach a percent sign.
The price is $  $  $. 3.   %
 %$
 $ 4.   % or   %
 $ (rounded) Move the decimal point two places to the right and
The cost of the washer/dryer set is 5. %   or 
$  $  $. two places to the left.
6. %  
98. [6.3] part  ; percent  ; whole is unknown
Drop the percent sign, attach two zeros on the left,
  and move the decimal point two places to the left.
  •      
  7. %    
 •    •   •      
•    
 8. %   
    
  
  •  
9.    %
There were  boaters (rounded) in the survey.   •  
 
10. 
99. [6.5] %  %  %  %  %  %  
 %  % and %  %  %, so the  •    • 
couple saves % of their earnings. • 

 
Jack's yearly income is   

Thus, 
 % or   %.
$ •   $,.
  •  
11.       %
Their total yearly income is   •  
12. part is ; percent is ; whole is unknown
$,  $,  $,. Use the percent proportion.
   
The amount saved is  OR 
   
 •    • 
% of $,  $,   
 $,.
 sacks is % of  sacks.
Chapter 6 Test 263
13. part is ; whole is ; percent is unknown. 19. The interest formula is    •  • .
Use the percent proportion. If time is in months, it is expressed as a fraction
with  as the denominator. If time is expressed in
    years, it is placed over  or shown as a decimal
 OR 
    number. Problems will vary. Some possibilities
 •    •  are:
• 

 
  $ 
 
  •  • 
  
 $
$ is % of $.   $  $
14. part is ,; percent is ; whole is unknown. 20. amount of discount
Use the percent proportion.  rate of discount • original price
,   %$
  $
 
 •   , •   $
 •  ,,
 The amount of discount is $. The sale price
 
  ,, is $  $  $.
The total number of households is ,,. 21. amount of discount  %$

 $
   %$
 $
 $ The amount of discount is $. The sale price is

 $ $  $  $.
The total cost is 22. $ at % for   years
$  $  $.   ••

16. commission  rate of commission • sales  
$   • $  
  • 
 The interest on the loan is $.
 
  
23. $ at % for  months
 is %. The rate of commission paid is %.
  
 
  ••
17. decrease      
       
 OR 
     
 •    • 
•  The interest on the loan is $.

 
   24. $, at % for  months
The percent decrease is %.   ••

 ,  
 
18. A possible answer is: 
  
 
Part is the increase in salary.  
Whole is the last year's salary.
 
Percent of increase is unknown.
amount of increase  The interest is $ and the total amount due is
 $,  $  $,.
last year's salary 
25. (a) $ at % for  years

% column, row  of the table gives .
$  $
$ ($  $) at % for  years
% column, row  of the table gives .
$  $,
Rounded to the nearest dollar, the total amount
after four years is $,.
$,  $  $  $.

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Developmental Math 3rd Edition Lial

CHAPTER 6 PERCENT (f)   %

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

3. %  %   17. %  

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

       

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

      

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

     (b)      employees do not have iPhones.

         

    (b) The percent is  and the whole is .

4. whole   percent   11. part  , whole  

10. part  , percent      

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17. whole  , part   23. whole  , part   

47.  of  people is what percent? 54.  is what of 

Part  unknown   Percent Part   unknown  Percent

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Copyright © 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

7. (a) part is ; whole is  5. % of  military personnel

6.4 Section Exercises 14. % of $

1. To find the part using the multiplication shortcut, part  

part  percent • whole. 15. % of  tables

part   part  

4. % of  rentals 17. % of  cell phones

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18. % of  kilograms 27. part is ; percent is 

20. % of $  mountain bikes is % of  mountain

Relating Concepts (Exercises 71–78) 6.5 Using the Percent Equation

74. % of what number is  grams? part  percent • whole

part  percent • whole 6.5 Section Exercises

 is %. % of  MP3 players is  MP3 players.

9. part  percent • whole 18. part  percent • whole

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28. part  percent • whole 35. % of  million

39. (a) % of , 43. part  percent • whole

55. Find the sales tax. amount of sales tax  %$

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$   • $ The rate of commission is %.

 is %. The sales tax rate is %. part 

  %$, The sale price for the sweater set is $.

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$  $. 33. increase  ,  ,  ,

$  $. increase 

Thus, the total cost is decrease 

2. (a) $ at % for   years (b) $, at % for  years

The interest is $. The interest is $.

  •• The total amount due is $.

  years is written as a decimal as  years.

total amount due  principal  interest   ••

The total amount due is $. The interest is $.

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8. $ at % for  years 16.  months

The interest is $. The interest is $.

10. $ at   % for   years 18. $ at % for  months

12. $, at   % for   years The interest is $.

23. $, at   % for  months 28. $ at % for  years

The interest is $. The interest is $.