CHAPTER – 3

RATIONALISATION
Exercise – 3.1
Page No – 3.2

Question 1: Simplify each of the following:

𝟑 𝟑

T IO S
(i) √𝟒 × √𝟏𝟎

I
𝟒
√𝟏𝟐𝟓𝟎
(ii)
NO A D
𝟒

CO N
√𝟐
A
Solution:

PY
DO U A
(i)
T
𝑛 𝑛 𝑛
ED PR

Using: √𝑎 × √𝑏 = √𝑎 × 𝑏
3
= √4 × 16
C

3
= √64
©

3
= √43
1
= (43 )3
=4

(ii)
𝑛
√𝑎 𝑛 𝑎
(Note: 𝑛 = √ )
√𝑏 𝑏

4 1250
=√
2
 4 2×625
=√
2
4
= √625
4
= √154
1
(4×4)
= 15
= 15

T IO S I
Question 2: Simplify the following expressions:
NO A D
CO N
(i) (𝟒 + √𝟕)(𝟑 + √𝟐)
A

PY
(ii) (𝟑 + √𝟑)(𝟓 − √𝟐)
DO U A
T
(iii) (√𝟓 − 𝟐)(√𝟑 − √𝟓)
ED PR

Solution:
C

(i) (4 + √7)(3 + √2)

©

= 12 + 4√2 + 3√7 + √14

(ii) (3 + √3)(5 − √2)

= 15 – 3√2 + 5√3 – √6

(iii) (√5 − 2)(√3 − √5)

= √15– √25– 2√3 + 2√5

= √15 − 5 − 2√3 + 2√5
Question 3: Simplify the following expressions:
(i) (𝟏𝟏 + √𝟏𝟏)(𝟏𝟏 − √𝟏𝟏)

(ii) (𝟓 + √𝟕)(𝟓 − √𝟕)

(iii) (√𝟖– √𝟐)(√𝟖 + √𝟐)

(iv) (𝟑 + √𝟑)(𝟑 − √𝟑)

(v) (√𝟓 − √𝟐)(√𝟓 + √𝟐)

T IO S
Solution:

I
NO A D
Using Identity: (a – b) (a + b) = a2 – b2

CO N
A
(i) (11 + √11)(11 − √11)

PY
DO U A
= 112 – (√11)2
T
ED PR

= 121 – 11
= 110
C
©

(ii) (5 + √7)(5 − √7)

= (52 – (√7)2)
= 25 – 7 = 18

(iii) (√8– √2)(√8 + √2)

= (√8)2 – (√2) 2
=8–2
=6
(iv) (3 + √3)(3 − √3)
= (3)2 – (√3)2
=9–3
=6

(v) (√5 − √2)(√5 + √2)

T IO S
= (√5)2 – (√2)2

I
=5–2
NO A D
CO N
A
=3

PY
DO U A
T
Question 4: Simplify the following expressions:
ED PR

(i) (√𝟑 + √𝟕)2

C

(ii) (√𝟓 – √𝟑)2

©

(iii) (2√𝟓 + 3√𝟐 )2

Solution:
Using identities: (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab and (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab
(i) (√3 + √7)2
= (√3)2 + (√7)2 + 2(√3)(√7)
= 3 + 7 + 2√21
= 10 + 2√21

(ii) (√5 – √3)2

= (√5)2 + (√3)2 – 2(√5)(√3)
= 5 + 3 – 2√15
= 8 – 2√15

(iii) (2√5 + 3√2 )2

= (2√5)2 + (3√2)2 + 2(2√5)( 3√2)

T IO S
= 20 + 18 + 12√10

I
NO A D
= 38 + 12√10

CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©
 Exercise – 3.2
Page No – 3.13

Question 1: Rationalise the denominators of each of the following (i –

vii):
𝟑 𝟑 𝟏 √𝟐
(i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
√𝟓 (𝟐√𝟓) √𝟏𝟐 √𝟓

T IO S
(√𝟑+𝟏) (√𝟐+√𝟓) 𝟑√𝟐
(v) (vi) (vii)

I
√𝟐 √𝟑 √𝟓

Solution: NO A D
CO N
A
(i) Multiply both numerator and denominator to with same number to

PY
rationalise the denominator.
DO U A
T
3×√5
ED PR

=
√5×√5
3×√5
=
C

5
©

3
= √5
5

(ii) Multiply both numerator and denominator to with same number to

rationalise the denominator.
3 3×√5
=
2√5 2×√5×√5

3√5 3√5 3
= = = √5
2×5 10 10

(iii) Multiply both numerator and denominator to with same number to

rationalise the denominator.
1 1 1
= =
√12 √4×3 2√3
 1×√3 √3 √3
= = =
2√3×√3 2×3 6

(iv) Multiply both numerator and denominator to with same number to

rationalise the denominator.
√2 √2×√5 √10 1
= = = √10
√5 √5×√5 5 5

(v) Multiply both numerator and denominator to with same number to

rationalise the denominator.

T IO S
√3+1 (√3+1)√2 √6+√2
= =

I
√2 √2×√2 2

NO A D
(vi) Multiply both numerator and denominator to with same number to

CO N
A
rationalise the denominator.

PY
DO U A
√2+√5 (√2+√5)×√3
=
√3 √3×√3
T
ED PR

√6+√15
=
3
C

(vii) Multiply both numerator and denominator to with same number to

©

rationalise the denominator.

3√2 3√2×√5 3×√10
= =
√5 √5×√5 5
3
= √10
5

Question 2: Find the value to three places of decimals of each of the

following. It is given that
√𝟐 = 1.414, √𝟑 = 1.732, √𝟓 = 2.236 and √𝟏𝟎 = 3.162
 𝟐 𝟑
(i) (ii)
√𝟑 √𝟏𝟎

√𝟓+𝟏 √𝟏𝟎+√𝟏𝟓
(iii) (iv)
√𝟐 √𝟐
𝟐+√𝟑 √𝟐−𝟏
(v) (vi)
𝟑 √𝟓

Solution:
2 2×√3
(i) =
√3 √3×√3

T IO S
2 2×1.732 3.464
= = = 1.154

I
=
√3 3 3
NO A D
CO N
A
3 3×√10 3√10

PY
(ii) = =
DO U A
√10 √10×√10 10
T
3(3.162) 9.486
ED PR

= = = 0.9486
10 10
C

√5+1 (√5+1)×√2
©

(iii) =
√2 √2×√2

√10+√2 3.162+1.414
= =
2 2
4.576
= = 2.288
2

√10+√15 (√10+√15)√2
(iv) =
√2 √2×√2

√20+√30 2√5+√10×√3
= =
2 2
2(2.236)+3.162×1.732
= = 4.974
2
 2+√3 2+1.732 3.732
(v) = = = 1.244
3 3 3

√2−1 (√2−1)√5
(vi) =
√5 √5×√5

√10−√5 3.162−2.236
= =
5 5
0.926
= = 0.185
5

T IO S
Question 3: Express each one of the following with rational

I
NO A D
denominator:

CO N
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏𝟔
A
(i) (ii) (iii)
𝟑+√𝟐 √𝟔−√𝟓 √𝟒𝟏−𝟓

PY
DO U A

𝟑𝟎 𝟏 √𝟑+𝟏
T
(iv) (v) (vi)
ED PR

𝟓√𝟑−𝟑√𝟓 𝟐√𝟓−√𝟑 𝟐√𝟐−√𝟑

𝟔−𝟒√𝟐 𝟑√𝟐+𝟏 𝒃𝟐
(vii) (viii) (ix)
C

𝟔+𝟒√𝟐 𝟐√𝟓−𝟑 √𝒂𝟐 +𝒃𝟐 +𝒂

©

Solution:
Using identity: (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2
(i) Multiply and divide given number by 3−√2
1
3+√2

3−√2
=
(3+√2)(3−√2)

3−√2
=
9−2
3−√2
=
7
(ii) Multiply and divide given number by √6 + √5
1
√6−√5

√6+√5
=
(√6−√5)(√6+√5)

√6+√5
=
6−5

= √6 + √5

T IO S I
NO A D
(iii) Multiply and divide given number by √41 + 5

CO N
A
16
√41−5

PY
DO U A
16×(√41+5)
=
T
(√41−5)(√41+5)
ED PR

16√41+80
=
41−25
C
©

16√41+80
=
16
16(√41+5)
=
16

= √41 + 5

(iv) Multiply and divide given number by 5√3 + 3√5

30
5√3−3√5

30×(5√3+3√5)
=
(5√3−3√5)(5√3+3√5)

30×(5√3+3√5)
=
75−45
 30×(5√3+3√5)
=
30

= 5√3 + 3√5

(v) Multiply and divide given number by 2√5 + √3

1
2√5−√3

T IO S
2√5+√3
=
(2√5−√3)(2√5+√3)

I
=
2√5+√3
NO A D
CO N
20−3
A
2√5+√3

PY
=
DO U A
17
T
ED PR

(vi) Multiply and divide given number by 2√2 + √3

C

√3+1
©

2√2−√3

(√3+1)(2√2+√3)
=
(2√2−√3)(2√2+√3)

(2√6+3+2√2+√3)
=
8−3
(2√6+3+2√2+√3)
=
5

(vii) Multiply and divide given number by 6 − 4√2

6−4√2
6+4√2
 (6−4√2)(6−4√2)
=
(6+4√2)(6−4√2)
2
(6−4√2)
=
36−32
36−48√2+32
=
4
68−48√2
=
4

T IO S
4(17−12√2)
=
4

I
NO A D
= 17 − 12√2

CO N
A

PY
DO U A
(viii) Multiply and divide given number by 2√5 + 3
T
3√2+1
ED PR

2√5−3

(3√2+1)×(2√5+3)
C

=
(2√5−3)×(2√5+3)
©

6√10+9√2+2√5+3
= (20−9)

6√10+9√2+2√5+3
=
11

(ix) Multiply and divide given number by √𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 − 𝑎

𝑏2
√𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑎

𝑏2 (√𝑎2 +𝑏2 −𝑎)

=
(√𝑎2 +𝑏2 +𝑎)(√𝑎2 +𝑏2 −𝑎)

𝑏2 (√𝑎2 +𝑏2 −𝑎)

= (𝑎2 +𝑏2 )−𝑎2
 𝑏2 (√𝑎2 +𝑏2 −𝑎)
=
𝑏2

Question 4: Rationales the denominator and simplify:

√3−√2 5+2√3 1+√2
(i) (ii) (iii)
√3+√2 7+4√3 3−2√2

2√6−√5 4√3+5√2 2√3−√5

(iv) (v) (vi)
3√5−2√6 √48+√18 2√2+3√3

T IO S
Solution:

I
[Use identities: (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2; (a + b)2 = (a2 + 2ab + b2 and (a –
NO A D
CO N
b)2 = (a2 – 2ab + b2]
A
(i) Multiply both numerator and denominator by √3 − √2 to rationalise

PY
DO U A
the denominator.
T
ED PR

√3−√2
√3+√2
C

(√3−√2)(√3−√2)
=
©

(√3+√2)(√3−√2)
2
(√3−√2)
=
3−2
3−2√3√2+2
=
1

= 5 − 2√6

(ii) Multiply both numerator and denominator by 7 − 4√3 to rationalise

the denominator.
5+2√3
7+4√3
 (5+2√3)(7−4√3)
=
(7+4√3)(7−4√3)

(5+2√3)(7−4√3)
=
49−48

= 35 − 20√3 + 14√3 − 24
= 11 − 6√3

T IO S
(iii) Multiply both numerator and denominator by 3 + 2√2 to rationalise

I
the denominator.
NO A D
CO N
1+√2
A
3−2√2

PY
DO U A
(1+√2)(3+2√2)
=
(3−2√2)(3+2√2)
T
ED PR

(1+√2)(3+2√2)
=
9−8
C

= 3 + 2√2 + 3√2 + 4
©

= 7 + 5√2

(iv) Multiply both numerator and denominator by 3√5 + 2√6 to

rationalise the denominator.
2√6−√5
3√5−2√6

(2√6−√5)(3√5+2√6)
=
(3√5−2√6)(3√5+2√6)

(2√6−√5)(3√5+2√6)
=
45−24
(2√6−√5)(3√5+2√6)
=
21
 6√30+24−15−2√30
=
21
6√30+9
=
21

(v) Multiply both numerator and denominator by √48 − √18 to

rationalise the denominator.
4√3+5√2
√48+√18

T IO S
(4√3+5√2)(√48−√18)
=
(√48+√18)(√48−√18)

I
NO A D
(4√3+5√2)(√48−√18)

CO N
=
A
48−18
48−12√6+20√6−30

PY
=
DO U A
30
T
18+8√6
ED PR

=
30
9+4√6
=
C

15
©

(vi) Multiply both numerator and denominator by 2√2 − 3√3 to

rationalise the denominator.
2√3−√5
2√2+3√3

(2√3−√5)(2√2−3√3)
=
(2√2+3√3)(2√2−3√3)

(2√3−√5)(2√2−3√3)
=
8−27
(4√6−2√10)−18+3√15
=
−19
(18−4√6−2√10−3√5)
=
19
Question 5: Simplify:

√5+√3 √5−√3
(i) +
√5−√3 √5+√3

1 2 1
(ii) + +
2+√3 √5−√3 2−√5

2 1 3
(iii) + +
√5+√3 √3+√2 √5+√2

T IO S
ANSWER:

I
NO A D
(i) We know that rationalization factor for √5 − √3 and √5 + √3 are

CO N
A
√5 + √3 and √5 − √3 respectively. We will multiply numerator and
√5+√3 √5−√3

PY
denominator of the given expression and by √5 +
DO U A
√5−√3 √5+√3
T
√3 and √5 + √3 respectively, to get
ED PR

2 2 2 2
√5+√3 √5+√3 √5−√3 √5−√3 (√5) +(√3) +2×√5×√3 (√5) +(√3) −22×√5×√3
× + × = 2 2 + 2 2
√5−√3 √5∓√3 √5−√3 √5−√3 (√5) −(√3) (√5) −(√3)
C
©

5+3+2√15 5+3−2√15
= +
5−3 5−3
5+3+2√15+5+3−2√15
=
2
16
=
2

=8
Hence the given expression is simplified to 8.
(ii) We know that rationalization factor for 2 + √3 √5 − √3 and 2 −
√5 are 2 − √5, √5 + √3 and 2 + √5 respectively. We will multiply
1 2
numerator and denominator of the given expression , and
2+√3 √5−√3
1
by 2 − √3, √5 + √3 and 2 + √5 respectively, to get
2−√5
 1 2−√3 2 √5+√3 1 2+√5 2−√3 2√5+2√3 2−√5
× + × + × = 2 + 2 2 + 2
2+√3 2−√3 √5−√3 √5+√3 2−√5 2+√5 (2)2 −(√3) (√5) −(√3) (2)2 −(√5)

2−√3 2√5+2√3 2−√5

= + +
1 5−3 4−5
2−√3 2√5+2√3 2−√5
= + +
1 2 −1

= 2 − √3 + √5 − √3 − √5 − 2
=0

T IO S
Hence the given expression is simplified to 0.

I
NO A D
CO N
A
(iii) We know that rationalization factor for √5 + √3, √3 + √2, and √5 +

PY
√2 are √5 − √3, √3 − √2, and √5 − √2 respectively. We will multiply
DO U A
2 1
numerator and denominator of the given expression , and
T
√5+√3 √3+√2
ED PR

3
by 2 − √3, √5 + √3 and 2 + √5 respectively, to get
√5+√2
C

2 √5−√3 1 √3−√2 3 √5−√2 2√5−2√3 √3−√2 3√5−3√2

× + × − × = + −
©

√5+√3 √5−√3 √3+√2 √3−√2 √5+√2 √5−√2 5−3 3−2 5−2

2√5−2√3 √3−√2 3√5−3√2

= + −
2 1 3

= √5 − √3 + √3 − √2 − √5 + √2
=0
Hence the given expression is simplified to 0.

Question 6: In each of the following determine rational

numbers a and b:

√𝟑−𝟏
(i) = 𝒂 − 𝒃√𝟑
√𝟑+𝟏
 4+√2
(ii) = 𝑎 − √𝑏
2+√2

3+√2
(iii) = 𝑎 + 𝑏√2
3−√2

5+3√3
(iv) = 𝑎 + 𝑏√3
7+4√3

T IO S
√11−√7
(v) = 𝑎 − 𝑏√77

I
√11+√7

NO A D
CO N
A
4+3√5
(vi) = 𝑎 + 𝑏√5
4−3√5

PY
DO U A
Solution:
T
ED PR

(i) We know that rationalization factor for √3 + 1 is √3 − 1 . We will

√3−1
multiply numerator and denominator of the given expression by
√3+1
C

√3 − 1, to get
©

2
√3−1 √3−1 (√3) +(1)2 −2×√3×1
× = 2
√3+1 √3−1 (√3) −(1)2

3+1−2√3
=
3−1
4−2√3
=
2

= 2 − √3
On equating rational and irrational terms, we get
𝑎 − 𝑏√3 = 2 − √3
= 2 − 1√3
Hence, we get 𝑎 = 2, 𝑏 = 1.
(ii) We know that rationalization factor for 2 + √2 is 2 − √2 . We will
4+√2
multiply numerator and denominator of the given expression by 2 −
2+√2
√2, to get
2
4+√2 2−√2 4×2−4×√2+2×√2−(√2)
× = 2
2+√2 2−√2 (2)2 +(√2)

8−4√2+2√2−2

T IO S
=
4−2

I
6−2√2
NO A D =

CO N
2
A
= 3 − √2

PY
DO U A
On equating rational and irrational terms, we get
T
ED PR

𝑎 − √𝑏 = 3 − √2
Hence, we get 𝑎 = 3, 𝑏 = 2.
C

(iii) We know that rationalization factor for 3 − √2 is 3 + √2 . We will

©

3+√2
multiply numerator and denominator of the given expression by 3 +
3−√2
√2, to get
2
3+√2 3+√2 (3)2 +(√2) +2×3×√2
× = 2
3−√2 3+√2 (3)2 −(√2)

9+2+6√2
=
9−2
11+6√2
=
7
11 6
= + √2
7 7

On equating rational and irrational terms, we get

 11 6
𝑎 + 𝑏√2 = + √2
7 7
11 6
Hence, we get 𝑎 = ,𝑏 = .
7 7

(iv) We know that rationalization factor for 7 + 4√3 is 7 − 4√3. We will

5+3√3
multiply numerator and denominator of the given expression by
7+4√3
7 − 4√3, to get

T IO S
2
5+3√3 7−4√3 5×7−5×4×√3+3×7×√3−3×4×(√3)

I
× = 2
7+4√3
NO A D7−4√3 (7)2 −(4√3)

CO N
A
35−20√3+21√3−36
=
49−48

PY
DO U A
√3−1
=
T
1
ED PR

= √3 − 1
C

On equating rational and irrational terms, we get

©

𝑎 + 𝑏√3 = √3 − 1
= −1 + 1√3
Hence, we get 𝑎 = −1, 𝑏 = 1.

(v) We know that rationalization factor for √11 + √7 is √11 − √7. We

will multiply numerator and denominator of the given expression
√11−√7
by √11 − √7, to get
√11+√7

2 2
√11−√7 √11−√7 (√11) +(√7) −2×√11×√7
× = 2 2
√11+√7 √11−√7 (√11) −(√7)
 11+7−2√77
=
11−7
18−2√77
=
4
9 1
= − √77
2 2

On equating rational and irrational terms, we get

9 1
𝑎 − 𝑏√77 = − √77
2 2

T IO S
9 1
Hence, we get 𝑎 = , 𝑏 = .

I
2 2

NO A D
CO N
A
(vi) We know that rationalization factor for 4 − 3√5 is 4 + 3√5. We will

PY
DO U A
4+3√5
multiply numerator and denominator of the given expression by
4−3√5
T
ED PR

4 − 3√5, to get
2
4+3√5 4+3√5 (4)2 +(3√5) +2×4×3√5
× =
C

2
4−3√5 4+3√5 (4)2 −(3√5)
©

16+45+24√5
=
16−45
61+24√5
=
−29
61 24
=− − √5
29 29

On equating rational and irrational terms, we get

61 24
𝑎 − 𝑏√5 = − − √5
29 29
61 24
Hence, we get 𝑎 = − ,𝑏 = − .
29 29
 𝟔
Question 7: Find the value of , it being given
√𝟓−√𝟑
that √𝟑 =1.732 and √𝟓 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟑𝟔.
Solution:
We know that rationalization factor for √5 − √3 is √5 + √3 . We will
multiply denominator and numerator of the given expression
6
by √5 + √3, to get
√5−√3

T IO S
6 √5+√3 6√5+6√3
× = 2 2
√5−√3 √5+√3 (√5) −(√3)

I
NO A D 6√5 + 6√3

CO N
=
A
5− 3
6√5 + 6√3

PY
=
DO U A
2
T
= 3√5 + 3√3
ED PR

Putting the values of √5 and √3, we get

C

3√5 + 3√3 = 3(2.236) + 3(1.732)

©

= 6.708 + 5.196
= 11.904
Hence value of the given expression is 11.904.

Question 8: Find the values of each of the following correct to three

places of decimals, it being given that √𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟏𝟒𝟐, √𝟑 =
𝟏. 𝟕𝟑𝟐, √𝟓 = 𝟐. 𝟐𝟑𝟔𝟎, √𝟔 = 𝟐. 𝟒𝟒𝟗𝟓 and √𝟏𝟎 = 𝟑. 𝟏𝟔𝟐,

𝟑−√𝟓
(i)
𝟑+𝟐√𝟓
 𝟏+√𝟐
(ii)
𝟑−𝟐√𝟐

Solution:
(i) We know that rationalization factor for 3 + 2√5 is 3 − 2√5. We will
3−√5
multiply numerator and denominator of the given expression by
3+2√5
3 + 2√5, to get

T IO S
2
3−√5 3−2√5 (3)2 −3×2×√5−3×√5+2×(√5)
× =

I
2
3+2√5 3−2√5 (3)2 −(√5)

NO A D
CO N
9−9√5+10
A
=
9−20

PY
DO U A
19−9√5
=
−11
T
ED PR

9√5−19
=
11
C

Putting the values of √5, we get

©

9√5−19 9(2.236)−19
=
11 11
20.124−19
=
11
1.124
=
11

= 0.102
Hence the given expression is simplified to 0.102.
(ii) We know that rationalization factor for 3 − 2√2 is 3 + 2√2 . We will
1+√2
multiply numerator and denominator of the given expression by
3−2√2
3 − 2√2, to get
2
1+√2 3+2√2 3+2×√2+3×√2+2×(√2)
× = 2
3−2√2 3+2√2 (3)2 −(2√2)

3+2√2+3√2+4
=
9−8

T IO S
7+5√2
=

I
1

NO A D = 7 + 5√2

CO N
A
Putting the value of √2, we get

PY
DO U A

7 + 5√2 = 7 + 5(1.4142)
T
ED PR

= 7 + 7.071
= 14.071
C
©

Hence the given expression is simplified to 14.071.

Question 9: Simplify:

𝟑√𝟐−𝟐√𝟑 √𝟏𝟐
(i) +
𝟑√𝟐+𝟐√𝟑 √𝟑−√𝟐

𝟕+𝟑√𝟓 𝟕−𝟑√𝟓
(ii) −
𝟑+𝟑√𝟓 𝟑−√𝟓

Solution:
(i) We know that rationalization factor for 3√2 + 2√3 and √3 − √2 are
3√2 − 2√3 and √3 + √2 respectively. We will multiply numerator and
 3√2−2√3 √12
denominator of the given expression and by 3√2 − 2√3
3√2+2√3 √3−√2
and √3 + √2 respectively, to get
2 2
3√2−2√3 3√2−2√3 √12 √3+√2 (3√2) +(2√3) −2×3√2×2√3 √36+√24
× + × = 2 2 + 2 2
3√2+2√3 3√2−2√3 √3−√2 √3+√2 (3√2) −(2√3) (√3) −(√2)

18+12−12√6 6+√24
= +
18−12 3−2
30−12√6+36+12√6
=
6

T IO S
66

I
=
6
NO A D
CO N
= 11
A
Hence the given expression is simplified to 11.

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR

(ii) We know that rationalization factor for 3 + √5 and 3 − √5 are 3 −

√5 and 3 + √5 respectively. We will multiply numerator and
C

7+3√5 7−3√5
denominator of the given expression and by 3 − √5 and 3 +
©

3+3√5 3−√5
√5 respectively, to get
2 2
7+3√5 3−√5 7−3√5 3+√5 7×3−7×√5+9×√5−3×(√5) 7×3−7×√5−9×√5−3×(√5)
× − × = 2 − 2
3+3√5 3−√5 3−√5 3+√5 (3)2 −(√5) (3)2 −(√5)

21−7√5+9√5−3×5 21−7√5−9√5−3×5
= −
9−5 9−5
21+2√5−15 21−2√5−15
= −
4 4
6+2√5−6+2√5
=
4
4√5
=
4

= √5
Hence the given expression is simplified to √5.

𝟏
Question 10: If x = 𝟐 + √𝟑, find the value of 𝒙𝟑 +
𝒙𝟑

Solution:
1 1 1
We know that 𝑥 3 + = (𝑥 + ) (𝑥 2 − 1 + ). We have to find the
𝑥3 𝑥 𝑥2
1
value of 𝑥 3 + .
𝑥3

T IO S
As 𝑥 = 2 + √3 therefore,

I
1 NO A D
1

CO N
=
A
𝑥 2+√3

PY
We know that rationalization factor for 2 + √3 is 2 − √3 . We will
DO U A
1
multiply numerator and denominator of the given expression by 2 −
T
2+√3
ED PR

√3, to get
1 1 2−√3
C

= ×
𝑥 2+√3 2−√3
©

2−√3
= 2
(2)2 −(√3)

2−√3
=
4−3

= 2 − √3
1
Putting the value of 𝑥 and , we get
𝑥
1 2 2
𝑥3 + = (2 + √3 + 2 − √3) ((2 + √3) − 1 + (2 − √3) )
𝑥3
2 2
= 4 (22 + (√3) + 2 × 2 × √3 − 1 + 22 + (√3) − 2 × 2 × √3)

= 4(4 + 3 + 4√3 − 1 + 4 + 3 − 4√3)

 = 52
Hence the value of the given expression 52

𝟏
Question 11: If x = 𝟑 + √𝟖, find the value of 𝒙𝟐 +
𝒙𝟐

Solution:
2 1 1 2
We know that 𝑥 + = (𝑥 + ) − 2. We have to find the value
𝑥2

T IO S
𝑥
2 1
of 𝑥 + . As 𝑥 = 3 + √8 therefore,

I
𝑥2
1
NO A D
1

CO N
=
A
𝑥 3+√8

PY
We know that rationalization factor for 3 + √8 is 3 − √8. We will
DO U A
1
multiply numerator and denominator of the given expression by 3 −
T
3+√8
ED PR

√8, to get
1 1 3−√8
C

= ×
𝑥 3+√8 3−√8
©

3−√8
= 2
(3)2 −(√8)

3−√8
=
9−8

= 3 − √8
1
Putting the value of x and , we get
𝑥
1
𝑥2 + = (3 + √8 + 3 − √8) − 2
𝑥2

= (6)2 − 2
= 36 − 2
= 34
Hence the given expression is simplified to 34.

√𝟑+𝟏
Question 12: If 𝒙 = , find the value of 𝟒𝒙𝟑 + 𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟖𝒙 + 𝟕.
𝟐

Solution:
√3+1
We have, 𝑥 =
2

It can be simplified as

T IO S I
2𝑥 − 1 = √3
NO A D
CO N
On squaring both sides, we get
A
2
(2𝑥 − 1)2 = (√3)

PY
DO U A

(2𝑥 )2 + 1 − 2 × 2𝑥 = 3
T
ED PR

4𝑥 2 + 1 − 4𝑥 = 3
4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 2 = 0
C
©

The given equation can be rewritten as.

6
4𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 + 8𝑥 + 7 = 𝑥 (4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 2) + (4𝑥 2 − 4𝑥 − 2) + 3 + 7
4

Therefore, we have
6
4𝑥 3 + 2𝑥 2 − 8𝑥 + 7 = 𝑥 (0) + (0) + 3 + 7
4

=3+7
= 10
Hence, the value of given expression is 10.
 VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPES QUESTION (VSAQs)
Page No: 3.16

Question 1: Write the value of (2 + √𝟑) (2 – √𝟑).

Solution:
(2 + √3) (2 – √3)

T IO S
= (2)2 – (√3)2 [Using identity: (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2]

I
=4–3
NO A D
CO N
=1
A

PY
DO U A
T
Question 2: Write the reciprocal of 5 + √𝟐.
ED PR

Solution:
1
C

Reciprocal of 5 + √2 =
5+√2
©

Rationalization of fraction
Multiply and divide given fraction by 5 − √2
5−√2
=
(5+√2)(5−√2)

5−√2
= 2
(5)2 −(√2)

5−√2
=
25−2
5−√2
=
23
Question 3: Write the rationalization factor of 7 – 3√𝟓.
Solution:
Rationalisation factor of 7 – 3√5 is 7 + 3√5

Question 4: If
√3−1
= 𝑥 + 𝑦√3
√3+1

T IO S
Find the values of x and y.

I
NO A D
Solution:

CO N
A
[Using identities: (a + b) (a – b) = a2 – b2 and (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab]

PY
DO U A
Rationalizing Denominator
T
2
ED PR

√3−1 (√3−1) (√3−1) (√3−1)

= × = 2
√3+1 (√3+1) (√3−1) (√3) +(1)2
C

3+1−2√3 4−2√3
= = = 2 − √3
©

3−1 2

Now,
2 − √3 = 𝑥 + 𝑦√3
On comparing,
𝑥 = 2, 𝑦 = −1

Question 5: If x = √𝟐 – 1, then write the value of 1/x.

Solution:
x = √2 – 1
 1 1
or =
𝑥 (√2−1)

Rationalising denominator, we have

1 (√2+1)
= ×
(√2−1) (√2+1)

(√2+ 1)
= (2−1)

= √2 + 1

T IO S I
NO A D
Question 6: Simplify

CO N
A
√3 + 2√2

PY
DO U A
Solution:
T
ED PR

= √3 + 2√2

= √2 + 1 + 2√2
C
©

2
= √(√2) + (1)2 + 2 × √2 × 1

2
= √(√2 + 1) = √2 + 1 [Because: (a + b)2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab]

Question 7: Simplify
√3 − 2√2
Solution:

= √3 − 2√2

= √2 + 1 − 2√2
 2
= √(√2) + (1)2 − 2 × √2 × 1

2
= √(√2 − 1) = √2 − 1 [Because: (a – b)2 = a2 + b2 – 2ab]

1
Question 8: If a = √2 +1, then find the value of a – .
𝑎

Solution:

T IO S
Given: a = √2 + 1

I
1
NO A D
1

CO N
=
A
𝑎 (√2+1)

PY
1 (√2– 1)
DO U A
= ×
(√2+1) (√2– 1)
T
ED PR

(√2– 1)
= 2
((√2) −(1)2 )
C

(√2– 1)
=
©

= √2 – 1
Now,
1
a – = (√2 + 1) − (√2 − 1)
𝑎

=2
𝟏
Question 9: If x = 2 + √𝟑, find the value of x + .
𝒙

Solution:
Given: x = 2 + √3
1 1
=
𝑎 (2+√3)
 1 (2−√3)
= ×
(2+√3) (2−√3)

(2−√3)
= 2
((2)2 −(√3) )

(2−√3)
=
(4−3)

= (2 − √3)

T IO S
Now,

I
1
𝑥 + = (2 + √3) + (2 − √3)
𝑥
NO A D
CO N
A
=4

PY
DO U A
T
Question 10: Write the rationalisation factor of √𝟓 – 2.
ED PR

Solution:
C

Rationalisation factor of √5 – 2 is √5 + 2
©

𝟏
Question 11: If x = 3 + 2√𝟐, then find the value of √𝒙– .
√𝒙

Solution:
𝑥 = 3 + 2√2
1 1 (3−2√2)
= =
𝑥 3+2√2 (3+2√2)(3−2√2)

3−2√2 3−2√2 3−2√2

= 2 = =
(3)2 −(2√2) 9−8 1

1
𝑥 + = 3 + 2√2 + 3 − 2√2 = 6
𝑥
 1 2 1
Now, (√𝑥 − ) =𝑥+ −2
√𝑥 𝑥

= 6 − 2 = 4 = (2)2
1
(√𝑥 − ) = 2
√𝑥

T IO S I
NO A D
CO N
A

PY
DO U A
T
ED PR
C
©