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Dnpedance. Type. Suolkching Gaverior hype. Gitte TT v Eee Srduobve_ €psr) Bus v Bus Vv Va p o , — iIP- — nts [classmate WY — ~ SYC and STATCoM - — —_ STATON _.>_stabe — syochxenous—corm, ip Satori Aan _be bascal —_ ay redox curantSourced convexttx. 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Value __—}— he Soon ping: shes SSuUmes cowry polit or he “we Live Tine sate, > Ronee Sfool, DL is — teltt; }y Hae Vow _bevewse__Ge oP pubs, ve hake ype ee ee “si poet the ty Coen rosa rr xedyco— oi clrmpensi wo —esames a Page w[ JCIL | neo feos! spic— tn ora re 00 VAC5.3.5 Summary of Compensator Control he structure of static compensator control illustrating the underlying principle of superimposing auxiliary input signals on the basic voltage reference, to carry out specific compensation functions automatically as required by system conditions, is shown in Figure 5.57. With this Principle, the compensator, within its MVA rating and operating frequency band, acts as a perfect amplifier forcing the magnitude of the regulated terminal voltage to follow the effective voltage reference, which is the sum of the fixed voltage magnitude reference and auxiliary signals. The effective reference thus defines the operating modes and characteristics (e.g., voltage regulation with the corresponding steady-state operating point and regulation slope) as well as the desired actions in response to dynamic changes of selected system variables (e.g., transient stability enhancement and oscillation damping). Apart from the real-time control functions illustrated in Figure 5.57, the total control system of a modern static compensator has many other elements to manage the proper and safe operation of the equipment with high reliability and availability, as well as to accommodate proper interface with local and remote operators, as shown in a glossary manner in Figure 5.58. The main elements of this overall compensator control system include: ~ se 1, Interface between high-power, high-voltage semiconductor valves of the overall switching converter and/or TSC and TCR structure and a highly- sophisticated real-time control required for the internal operation of the var generator and for the desired system compensation functions. This interface,. SVC and STATCOM “ Chapter 5 a Static Shunt Compensators: SVC and STATC Vy +s¥r(t) Voltage Fr+afy(t) regulation 1oop fu =Ov doy + Sond] Static Power System generator sort) (afrio) Aux input? Afr Kea, °P System ("external") control Figure $.S7 Structure of the basic compensator control for multifunctional power system compensation. Measured system variables| T_ =4 ‘SVG | [Compensator] | ‘internal intemal 1 control control i SVG power Circuit Auxiliary equipment and __ ‘system status input Eee 5 SCADA =| CRT monitor Figure 5.58 Main elements of the complete control operating a static compensator. transmitting gating commands from the control to the valves and status infor- mation from the valves to the control is usually implemented by optical links. ignal measuring and processing circuits for system and equipment variables. The real-time control and protection relays (and operator displays) need as inputs certain system variables, such as terminal voltage and compensator output current, as well’as appropriate internal voltages and currents of the equipment, from which magnitude, phase, frequency, and other relevant infor- mation can be derived to follow in real-time system conditions and monitor equipment operation. 3, Supervisory control and status monitor which interfaces with the all parts ofthe compensator, including all essential components of the compensator proper and its support equipment (e.g. cooling system, power supplies, break- ers, switches, interlocks, etc.), It collects status information from every part of the system, usually via serial communication links, organizes and interprets the status data to determine the operational integrity of the compensator and to provide diagnostics for possible malfunctions and failures. It also carries out the start-up and shutdown sequencing and other operating routines of the compensator and provides appropriate communication links for the local and remote operators. . User interface with CRT graphical displays is usually provided by a stand- alone computer with an appropriate CRT monitor, keyboard, and pointing device for data entry. This computer usually has a serial link to the status processor and runs a graphical display and control software. Through the interface a large amount of information is available for the operation, diagnos- tic, and maintenance purposes in graphical and numerical form. The informa- tion includes: status information from the valves, identifying failed power semiconductors and other components and associated circuits; selected op- erating modes of the compensator and associated contro] and operational parameter settings; control operating and redundancy; and status of support equipment such as cooling system, auxiliary power supplies, breakers, switches, etc., and building climate status (temperature, humidity, etc.).