SELF COMPACTING CONCRE

SCC
 B.N Sec Team members

7 1 ‫احمد ايمن حسيني محمد‬

10 1 ‫احمد حسن عبد الفتاح رزق‬

21 2 ‫احمد عقل ابو العز عقل‬

18 2 ‫احمد عاطف زكريا علي‬

22 2 ‫احمد عوض عكاشة السيد‬

CONTENT:
➢ Introduction.

➢ Definition of SCC.

➢ Difference in mix design between self-compacting

concrete and ordinary concrete.

➢ Advantages and disadvantages of SCC.

➢ Durability.

➢ Summary.
introduction
For several years beginning in 1983, the problem of the durability of concrete structures was a

major topic of interest in Japan. The creation of durable concrete structures requires adequate

compaction by skilled workers . However, the gradual reduction in the number of skilled workers

in Japan's construction industry has led to a similar reduction in the quality of construction work.

One solution for the achievement of durable concrete structures independent of the quality of

construction work is the employment of self-compacting concrete, which can be compacted into

every corner of a formwork, purely by means of its own weight and with- out the need for vibrating

compaction.

The necessity of this type of concrete was proposed by Okamura in 1986. Studies to develop self-

compacting concrete, including a fundamental study on the work- ability of concrete, have been

carried out by Ozawa and.

➢ Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a flowing concrete that does not require vibration and,

in fact, does not require any vibration at all.

➢ Self-compacting concrete is a non segregating concrete that is placed by means of its own

weight.

➢ The need for the development of SCC arose from the skilled labor and man power in Japan

during 1980’s.

➢ It has a big role to play because of the sustainable benefits in construction both

quantitatively and qualitatively and is resistant to segregation thanks to the presence of

mineral fillers and special admixtures.

Definitions of Self-compacting concrete:-

➢ Self-compacting concrete, also known as self-consolidating concrete, is characterized by

its high fluidity. Thanks to this property, it spreads into concrete formwork with no need

for vibration equipment. This non-segregating concrete is distributed by its own weight,

while maintaining the properties of regular concrete, such as durability and strength.

➢ Some self-compacting concrete mixtures include admixtures like superplasticizer and

viscosity modifiers to reduce bleeding and segregation. When concrete segregates, it

loses strength and results in honeycombed areas throughout the surface. However, a well

designed self-compacting concrete will not segregate thanks to its plasticity and stability.

➢ Self-compacting concrete is resistant to segregation, thanks to the presence of mineral

fillers and special admixtures. As mentioned earlier, this type of concrete must have high

fluidity and be able to fill special forms under its own weight without mechanical

vibration. It also must be fluid enough to pass around congested reinforced areas within

structures, and most importantly avoid any segregation (honeycombing). There are cases

in which self-compacting concrete has been placed at heights above 5 meters, without

presenting any aggregate segregation.

➢ Self-compacting concrete with a similar water-cement ratio as a traditional vibrated

concrete will have a slightly higher strength, due to the lack of vibration. This improves

the interface between the aggregate and the hardened paste. It is important to note that

self-compacting concrete must be poured faster than regular concrete.

 ➢ is a highly flowable, deformable, non-segregating concrete that spreads and fills in the

formwork under its own weight. Flowability is maintained by using a high range of water-

reducing admixtures.

➢ Stability (avoiding segregation) is increased by using admixtures or increasing the number

of fine aggregates in the plastic concrete. This also changes the viscosity of the mixture.

➢ SCC has a more improved interface between aggregate and cement paste. It increases the

strength of concrete.

➢ Self-compacting concrete can also be defined as a mix balancing the fluidity and resistance

to segregation where those two properties are conflicting with each other. A balanced

equilibrium should be maintained between them.

The materials used to create self-compacting concrete mixture are

the following:-

Portland Cement: Common Portland cement grade 43 or 53 is commonly used.

Aggregates: The size of coarse aggregate is limited to 20 mm, but in case of having a structure

with congested reinforcement, the aggregate size can range between 10 to 12 mm. Well-graded

round or cubical aggregates are recommended for best performance. The fine aggregates can be

natural or manufactured with a uniform grade, usually with a size smaller than 0.125 mm.

Water: Water is treated the same way as with regular concrete.

Mineral Admixtures: This may vary according to the mix design and the properties required.

Below is a list of the different mineral admixtures used, and the properties they provide to the

concrete mixture:
 • Fly ash: Used to improve the filling of the internal concrete matrix, resulting in fewer

pores. This reduces permeability and improves the quality of structures.

• Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS): GGBS helps improve the rheological

properties of concrete.

• Stone Powder: Incorporated to improve the powder content of the mixture.

• Silica Fumes: Used to improve the mechanical properties of the structure.

Chemical Admixtures: As mentioned before, superplasticizers are commonly used in self-

compacting concrete. Air entraining agents are used to improve the freezing and thawing

resistance of the structure. Retarders are employed to control the setting time of concrete.

Difference in mix design between SCC and Normal

Cement Concrete:-

First: Mix design method of self-compacting concrete.

CONCRETE MIXTURE PROPORTIONING:

A total of 11 concrete mixtures were designed and summarizes in table.11 at water-binder ratios

of 0.36 with total cementitious materials content range may vary based on the replacements of

Metakaolin and Flyash at different levels .Cementitious blends in which proportion of ordinary

portland cement was replaced with the mineral admixtures. The replacement ratios for Metakaolin,

Flyash and both MK and FA combinations including controlled mix (SCC) were 5%,10%,15%and

20% of Metakaolin, 10%,20%,30% of Flyash and combinations with MK and FA as

(5%+30%),(10%+20%) and (15%+10%) and controlled concrete is SCC by weight of the total

binder.

SELECTION OF MIX PROPORTIONS:

In designing the SCC mix, it is most useful to consider the relative proportions of the key

components by volume rather than by mass [9]. The following key proportions for the mixes

listed below [15], [9], [13] and [7]:

1. Air content (by volume)

2. Coarse aggregate content (by volume)

3. Paste content (by volume)

4. Binder (cementitious) content (by weight)

5. Replacement of mineral admixture by percentage binder weight

6. Water/ binder ratio (by weight)

7. Volume of fine aggregate/ volume of mortar

8. SP dosage by percentage cementitious (binder) weight

9. VMA dosage by percentage cementitious (binder) weight

Materials Used:

Cement:

Ordinary Portland cement (Grade 43) was used. Its physical properties are as given in Table 1.
Fly ash:

Class F Fly ash obtained from “Panipat Thermal Power Station, Haryana, India. The physical

and chemical properties of fly ash are given in the Table 2 and Table 3, respectively.
Admixtures:

Apolycarboxylic ether based superplasticizer complying with ASTM C-494 type F, was used.

Aggregates:

Locally available natural sand with 4.75 mm maximum size was used as fine aggregate, having

specific gravity, fineness modulus and unit weight as given in Table 4 and crushed stone with

16mm maximum size having specific gravity, fineness modulus and unit weight as given in Table

4 was used as coarse aggregate. Both fine aggregate and coarse aggregate conformed to Indian

Standard Specifications IS: 383-1970 [6]. Table 4 gives the physical properties of the coarse and

fine aggregates.

Test-methods:

Self- Compacting Concrete is characterized by filling ability, passing ability and resistance to

segregation. Many different methods have been developed to characterize the properties of SCC.

No single method has been found until date, which characterizes all the relevant workability

aspects, and hence, each mix has been tested by more than one test method for the different

workability parameters. Table 5 gives the recommended values for different tests given by

different researchers for mix to be characterized as SCC mix.

The slump flow test is used to assess the horizontal free flow of SCC in the absence of obstructions.

On lifting the slump cone, filled with concrete, the concrete flows. The average diameter of the

concrete circle is a measure for the filling ability of the concrete. The time T50cm is a secondary

indication of flow. It measures the time taken in seconds from the instant the cone is lifted to the

instant when horizontal flow reaches diameter of 500mm.

The flowability of the fresh concrete can be tested with the V-funnel test, whereby the flow time

is measured, figure 2.The funnel is filled with about 12 litres of concrete and the time taken for it

to flow through the apparatus is measured. Further, T 5min is also measured with V-funnel, which

indicates the tendency for segregation, wherein the funnel can be refilled with concrete and left for

5 minutes to settle. If the concrete shows segregation, the flow time will increase significantly.

According to Khayat and Manai, a funnel test flow time less than 6s is recommended for a concrete

to qualify for an SCC [9]. The passing ability is determined using the L- box test [10] as shown in

Fig 3. The vertical section of the L-Box is filled with concrete, and then the gate lifted to let the

concrete flow into the horizontal section. The height of the concrete at the end of the horizontal

section is expressed as a proportion of that remaining in the vertical section (H2/H1). This is an

indication of passing ability. The specified requisite is the ratio between the heights of the concrete

at each end or blocking ratio to be ≥ 0.8.

AND THERE ARE TWO COMMONLY TESTES OTHERS:-

4. U-Box Test

This test is used to assess the pass-ability of Self-compacting concrete.

The equipment is as shown in the figure. This equipment has a ‘U’ shape and an opening with a

sliding gate is fixed between the two compartments with vertical steel bars as obstructions.
5. Fill Box Test

This test is used to assess the filling ability of Self Compacting Concrete. The apparatus consists

of a transparent rectangular box with a number of obstructions through which concrete is made

to flow.
Secondly mix design of ordinary concrete:-

Principles of proposed method:

Designing a concrete mix consists of selecting the correct proportions of (cement + fine aggregate

+ coarse aggregate + water) to produce concrete having the specified properties. Sometimes

additional ingredients such as ground granulated blast furnace slag (ggbs), pulverised-fuel ash

(pfa), or admixtures, are used. There are many properties of concrete that can be specified, eg

workability, strength, density, thermal characteristics, elastic modulus and durability requirements.

The Basic properties specified are:

1- Strength margin:

Because of the variability of concrete strengths the mix must be designed to have a considerably

higher mean strength than the strength specified.

2- Measurement of workability:

• The slump test : which is more appropriate for the higher workability mixes,

• The Vebe time test: which is particularly appropriate for those mixes which are to be compacted

by vibration.

3- Free-water:

The total water in a concrete mix consists of the water absorbed by the aggregate to bring it to a

saturated surface-dry (SSD) condition, and the free-water available for the hydration of the cement
and for the workability of the fresh concrete. The water/cement ratios referred to in this publication

are the ratios by mass of free-water to cement in the mix and these, as well as the free-water

contents, are based on the aggregates being in a saturated surface-dry condition.

4-Types of aggregate:

Two of the characteristics of aggregate particles that affect the properties of concrete are particle

shape and surface texture. Particle shape affects the workability of the concrete, and the surface

texture mainly affects the bond between the matrix and the aggregate particles and thus the strength

of the concrete. Generally, crushed aggregates resulting in a concrete of lower workability but

higher strength compared with a similar mix made with uncrushed aggregates.

In BRE, Only two types of aggregate are considered, crushed and uncrushed. The type of aggregate

becomes of greater importance for concrete having a high specified strength. If the specified

strength at 28 days is 50 N/mm2 or more it may become necessary to use a crushed aggregate

rather than an uncrushed gravel.

5-Aggregate grading:

BRE deals with concrete made with aggregates having three nominal maximum sizes, ie (40 mm,

20 mm and 10 mm). Combined aggregate grading curves are not used in this method of mix design

which refers instead to the percentage of fine aggregate passing the 600 μm test sieve. The higher

the percentage passing the 600 μm test sieve, the finer the fine aggregate.

The method for deriving a suitable fines content takes into account the many relevant factors:

1) The type and maximum size of coarse aggregate,

2) The grading of the fine aggregate, characterized by the percentage passing 600 μm test sieve,
3) The cement content,

4) Workability of the concrete.

6- Mix parameters:

The most fundamental way to specify mix parameters is in terms of the mass of materials in a unit

volume of fully compacted concrete. In order to use this approach, knowledge is required of the

expected density of the fresh concrete. This depends primarily on the relative density* of the

aggregate and the water content of the mix. The effect of changes in the cement content produces

at the most about a 2% change in the expected density and thus, for the purpose of this publication

, is ignored. The small quantity of air normally entrapped in compacted concrete is also ignored.
7- Durability:

A durable concrete is one which gives a satisfactory performance during an adequate life in a given

environment; this includes providing protection of the steel against corrosion in reinforced

concrete and pre-stressed concrete.

A major factor in providing durable concrete is the production of a dense, impermeable concrete,

having an adequate cement content and low freewater/cement ratio, which is fully compacted and

properly cured. To be durable in hostile environments, Codes and Standards may specify the use

of particular materials, or limits on the cement content or free-water/cement ratio.

Corrosion problems are aggravated by the presence of chlorides in either aggregates or

admixtures. Limits are specified in BS 882 and BS 8110 and materials complying with these

requirements should be used.

Concrete in the ground may be subject to attack by sulfates as described in BRE. To minimize the

effect of such attack requires the use of sulfate resisting Portland cement or other materials, and

the mix proportions should comply with the requirements given in BRE.

Concrete that retains a high moisture content and that is made with certain aggregates may react

with the alkalis from the cement to cause cracking and expansion, owing to the alkali–silica

reaction. These may require the use of a lowalkali Portland cement available under BS 4027 or the

use of other materials.

Difference between SCC and Normal Cement Concrete:
Sl. No Self-Compacting Concrete
1 Concrete has high flowability to
undergo compaction by its own weight
2 High workability
3 Workability gained through
superplasticizers and viscosity
modifying agents
4 Addition of superplasticizer increase
the bond between aggregate and
cement matrix
5 Water Content is Low
6 Fines Content – Cement and Fine
aggregate is high
7 Lower water content decreases the
Bleeding
8 Increased fines content gives a
homogeneous mix with less segregation
issues
9 Low Viscosity due to high fines content High Viscosity
10 SCC structures give good aesthetic
finish
11 Good choice for thick reinforcement
works
Normal Cement Concrete
Concrete is compacted by
external means of vibration
Less workable mix
Workability gained through
increased moisture content
The aggregate-cement
matrix is weak
High Water Content
The fines content is less
compared to SCC
Bleeding is high
Segregation is higher
Aesthetic finish is not
satisfactory
Normal concrete are limited
in thick reinforcement areas
due to external compaction
difficulties
ADVANTAGES OF SCC:

• Reduced Permeability

• Improves Quality, durability, and reliability of concrete structure due to better compaction

and homogeneity of concrete.

• Ease of placement results in cost savings through reduced equipment and labor

requirement.

• Less noise from vibrators and reduced danger from Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome

• Greater Freedom In Design

• Improves working condition and productivity in construction industry

• Faster construction

• Elimination of problems associated with vibration

DISADVANTAGES OF SCC:

• More Stringent Requirement on the selection of materials.

• Lack of globally accepted test standard and mix design

• Costlier than conventional concrete based on concrete material cost (exception to

placement cost)

• Requires more Trial batches at lab as well as at RMC plants

• More precise measurement and monitoring of constituent materials.

Mechanical Properties of Hardened Self Compacting

Concrete:-

1. Compressive strength of Self Compacting Concrete

In all SCC mixes compressive strengths of standard cube specimens were comparable to those

of traditional vibrated concrete made with similar water -cement ratios – if anything strengths

were higher. In-situ strengths of SCC are similar to those of traditional vibrated concrete, indeed

somewhat higher when limestone powder is used as filler, probably because of a densifying

mechanism and the observed lower susceptibility to imperfect curing, both attribute to this type

of filler. The in-situ strengths of both types of civil engineering concrete, SCC

and traditional vibrated concrete were closer to standard cube strengths than those of the

housing mixes again; this is typical of higher strength concrete. In vertical element, in-situ

strengths of both SCC and traditional vibrated concrete are higher at the bottom than at the top,

vibration of in-situ strengths, for both types of concrete is much lower in horizontal elements, in

this case the beams. These observations are characteristic of traditional vibrated concrete. The

in-situ strengths of elements cast and cured outdoors in winter (the beams), whether SCC or

conventional, were lower than those cast indoors at the same time (the columns). Overall, we

might conclude that the fresh self-compacting properties of the concrete have little effect on the

in-situ strengths.
2. Tensile strength

Tensile strength was assessed indirectly by the splitting test on cylinders. For SCC, both the

tensile strengths themselves, and the relationships between tensile and compressive strengths

were of a similar order to those of traditional vibrated concrete.

3. Bond strength

The strength of the bond between concrete and reinforcement was assessed by pullout tests,

using deformed reinforcing steel of two different diameters, embedded in concrete prisms. For

both civil engineering and housing categories, the SCC bond strengths, related to the standard

compressive strengths, were higher than those of the reference concrete were.

4. Modulus of elasticity

Results available indicate that the relationships between static modulus of elasticity and

compressive strengths were similar for SCC and the reference mixes. A relationship in the form

of E/ (fc) 0.5 has been widely reported, and all values of this ratio were close to the one

recommended by ACT for structural calculations for normal weight traditional vibrated concrete.

5. Freeze/thaw resistance

This property was assessed by loss of ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) after daily cycles of 18

years at 30C and 66 hours at room temperature. No significant loss of UPV has been observed

after 150 cycles for the SCC or reference higher strength concrete (t he civil engineering

mixtures).
6. Shrinkage and creep

None of the results obtained indicates that the shrinkage and the creep of the SCC mixes were

significantly greater than those of traditional vibrated concrete.

7. Some aspects of durability

Elements of all types of concrete have been left exposed for future assessment of durability but

some preliminary tests have been carried out. The permeability of the concrete, a recognized

indicator of likely durability, has been examined by measuring the water absorption of near

surface concrete. The results suggest that in the SCC mixes, the near surface concrete was denser

and more resistant to water ingress than in the reference mixes. Carbonation depths have been

measured at one year. The civil mixes (both SCC and reference) show no carbonation. The

evidence in hand and data from other source suggest that the durability performance of SCC is

likely to be equal or better than that of traditional vibrated concrete.

8. Structural performance

The structural performance of the concrete was assessed by loading the full-size reinforced

columns and beams to failure. For the columns, the actual failure load exceeded the calculated

failure load for both types of concrete (SCC and traditional vibrated concrete). For the beams

the only available comparison is between SCC and traditional vibrated concrete in the civil

engineering category. Here the behavior of the two concretes in terms of cracking moment,

crack width and load-deflection was similar.

Durability:-

The performance of the concrete against some laboratory simulated aggressive environments was

studied. The effects of sulphate attack, chloride ingress, saturated water absorption(porosity), and

sorptivity on the SCC were investigated. For sulphate attack test, 100 × 50 mm concrete cylinder

specimens were used. They were self-cured for 28 days, and subsequently immersed in a solution

composed of 3% sodium sulphate in distilled water for 90 days.

The concentration of the solution was constantly checked, and renewed when necessary, so as to

measure the behavior of the concrete in real aggressive state. Weight loss and strength

reduction in the concrete due to sulphate attack were determined. However, it is also expected that

such exposure shouldnormally cause a reduction in alkalinity level of concrete .Also, chloride

ingress into the concrete was studied by the chloride diffusion test, using a 100 mm X 50 mm

samples. Thus, the resistance of the concrete to chloride ingress was determined, by measuring the

chloride ions penetration through the samples, which has been immersed in a 3% sodium chloride

solution and the other in a 0.3 M sodium hydroxide solution. The rate of chloride ingress into the

concrete is the taken as the number of electrical charge transmitted in the sample.

The trapezoidal rule was used for estimating the average current flowing through the concrete

Q=I0+ 2(I30+I60+I90+I120+……+I300+I330+I360)

Where, Q is current that flows in one cell (Coulombs),

I0 is current measured after voltage application

It is current measured at time t (mins) after voltage application.

The vacuum saturation method was used for the porosity assessment. A 100 × 50 mm concrete

specimens, which had been self-cured for 28 days, was used for checking how

porous the concrete is. The effective porosity in the concrete was determined using , Effective

𝐖𝐬−𝐖𝐝
Porosity ƞ = 𝑾𝒔−𝑾𝒔𝒖𝒃 × 𝟏𝟎𝟎; where,

Ws: is saturated sample weight

Wd: is oven dried sample weight

Wsub: is submerged sample weight.

The sorptivity of the SCC sample was also determined. This test shows the ability of the concrete

to absorb or release moisture by capillarity. When sorptivity value is low, such concrete is said to

have higher resistance against water absorption. A 100 mm × 50 mm thickness concrete cylinders

were used for the test. After samples were self-cured for 28 days, the concrete sample was

submerged at 5 mm deep into water, thus permitting free flow of water at the lower surface of the

sample. Also, adhesive coat was used to seal the sides the sample to prevent water ingress through

the sides. The samples were weighed at regular intervals. Sorptivity values were obtained using :
𝐈
𝐒= 𝟏
𝐓𝟐

Where: S: sorptivity in m

T: elapsed time in mint

I: Δw/Ad

A: lower surface area of sample in contact with water (m2)

D: water density (kg/m3)

 Applications of Self-Compacting Concrete

The main applications of this type of concrete are the following:

• Construction of raft and pile foundations

• Retrofitting and repairing constructions

• Structures with complex reinforcement distributions

• Construction of earth retaining systems

• Drilled shafts

• Columns

• Self-Compacting Concrete Uses

Example

Akashi-Kaikyo Suspension Bridge. ).‫( جسر أكاشي كايكيو المعلق‬

In this project, the SCC was mixed on-site and pumped through a piping system to the specified

point, located 200 meters away.

On this particular project, the construction time was reduced from 2.5 years to 2 years.

This type of concrete is ideal to be used in the following applications:

• Drilled shafts . Columns . Earth retaining systems

• Areas with a high concentration of rebar and pipes/conduits

❖Self Compacting Concrete Benefits

Using self-compacting concrete produce several benefits and advantages over regular concrete.

Some of those benefits are:

• Improved constructability.

• Labor reduction.

• Bond to reinforcing steel.

• Accelerates project schedules.

• Reduces skilled labor.

• Reduces equipment wear.

• Minimizes voids on highly reinforced areas.

• Produces superior surface finishes.

• Superior strength and durability.

• Allows for easier pumping procedure.

• Fast placement without vibration or mechanical consolidation.

• Produces a uniform surface.

Allows for innovative architectural features.

 Major constructions Using SCC

Delhi metro project 2927 Bandra-Worli sea link project 28

Seating Benches Constructed Using SCC Tarpur nuclear Power plant

Abstract
Self-compacting concrete workability is usually ensured by the addition of superplasticizers in the

mixture. The effects of some properties of superplasticizers have been investigated by many

researchers. This chapter provides an overview of the action mechanisms of superplasticizers in

order to understand how these adsorb onto particle surfaces, with a selective review of the four

types of superplasticizers. The influence of superplasticizers on cement paste, and on rheological

and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete, are also discussed. Moreover, the effect of

dry extract of superplasticizer admixture on the behavior of concrete is included.

 Summary

➢ The reason of this project is to identify the self compacting concrete (SCC) , its mix

design ,durability and the tests are used to evaluted it like (slump flow, V-Funnel, L-Box,

and J-Ring) .

➢ Self compacting concrete was first developed by Okamura in Japan in 1980.

➢ Self-compacting concrete (SCC) is a flowing concrete that does not require vibration

➢ Self-compacting concrete (SCC) does not require any vibration at all.

➢ Self-compacting concrete is resistant to segregation thanks to the presence of mineral

fillers and special admixtures

➢ Mechanism of achieving self compaction :

1- Limited aggregate content

2- Use of superplasticizer
3- Low water-powder ratio

➢ It was observed that fine materials improve the properties of self compacting concrete at

low water binder ratio and addition of super plasticizer .

➢ SCC has a more improved interface between aggregate and cement paste. It increases the

strength of concrete.

➢ Self-compacting concrete can also be defined as a mix balancing the fluidity and resistance

to segregation where those two properties are conflicting with each other. A balanced

equilibrium should be maintained between them.

➢ The materials used to create self-compacting concrete mixture are

1- Portland Cement

2- Aggregates

3- Water

4- Mineral Admixtures

5- Fly ash

➢ Mix design method of self compacting concrete

Self-compacting concrete flows into every corner of the mould, goes through

reinforcement and fills gaps. It has the ability to compress itself only by its own

weight. In the early 1990s, self-compacting concrete was introduced into concrete

technology .

the requirements for designing a self-compacting concrete:

1- Increasing the paste content in the design of self-compacting concrete

2- Increasing the size of fines in self-compacting concrete

3- High dose of superplasticizer in self-compacting concrete

4- Use of a viscosity-modifying agent in self-compacting

5- Reducing the roughness of aggregate used in self-compacting concrete

6- - Addition of additives in self-compacting concrete

➢ Mix design of normal concrete

 ➢ Properties of Hardened Self Compacting Concrete :

1- Compressive strength of Self Compacting Concrete

2- Tensile strength

3- Bond strength

4- Modulus of elasticity

5- Freeze/thaw resistance

6- Shrinkage and creep

7- Some aspects of durability

8- Structural performance

➢ Durabillity of Self Compacting concrete

The effects of sulphate attack, chloride ingress, saturated water absorption

(porosity), and sorptivity on the SCC

Application of self compacting concrete (SSC):

The main applications of this type of concrete are the following:

1- Construction of raft and pile foundations

2- Retrofitting and repairing constructions

3- Structures with complex reinforcement distributions

4- Construction of earth retaining systems

5- Drilled shafts

6- Columns
 References

[1] Hajime Okamura and Masahiro Ouchi, Self Compacting Concrete, Journal of
Advanced Concrete
Technology, Vol.1, No.1, 5-15, 2003.
[2] Kosmas K. Sideris, Christos Tassos, Alexandros Chatzopoulos Production of
durable self-compacting
concrete using ladle furnace slag (LFS) as filler material. Procediaengineering 108 (2015) 592-
597.
[3] M.A.S.Mohamed, E.Ghorbel,G.Wardeh. Valorization of micro-cellulose fibers
in self-compacting
concrete.construction and building materials 24 (2010) 2473-2480.
[4] Divya chopra, Rafat Siddique, kunal. Strength, permeability and microstructure
of self-compacting
concrete containing rice husk ash. Biosystem engineering 130 (2015) 72-80.
[5] Andreas leemann, Frank winnefeld. The effect of viscosity modifying agent on
mortar and concrete.
Cement and concrete composite 29 (2007)341-349.
[6] Erdogan ozbay, Ahmet oztas, Adil baykasoglu, Hakan ozbebek. Investigating
mix proportion of high
strength self compacting concrete by using taguchi method. Construction and building
materials 23
(2009) 694-702.
[7] Ali abd_Elhakam aliabdo, Abd_elmoaty Mohamed abd_elmoaty. Experimental
investigation on the
properties of polymer modified scc. Construction and building materials 34 (2012) 584-592.

P. K. Mehta, “Concrete Structure, Properties and Materials”, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1986, p. 367-
378. A. M. Neville, “Properties of Concrete”, Fourth Edition, Longman Group Limited., 1995, p.
757-758. K. H. Khayat and Z. Guizani, “Use of Viscosity-Modifying Admixture to Enhance
Stability of Fluid Concrete”, ACI Materials Journal, 1997, Vol. 94, No. 4, pp. 332-341.