580 590 Series 3 Variable Volume Pilot Controls PDF

Case 580/590
Series 3
Loader Backhoe
Hydraulic System
Variable Volume
Pump
Pilot Controls
Variable Volume Piston Pump Pilot Hydraulic System
© 2008 CNH America LLC

All Rights Reserved
Printed in U.S.A.
M Series 3 Loader Backhoe 2

Table Of Contents

580/590 Series 3 Hydraulic System Variable Volume Pump Pilot Controls

The hydraulic reservoir is located at the right side of the chassis in the step area of the
chassis. The hydraulic pump is mounted on the rear of the transmission. The Series 3
Loader backhoe with pilot controls can be equipped with a variable volume hydraulic
pump with a load sensing steering priority flow divider valve located in the inlet section
of the loader valve.
The hydraulic pump is of a variable volume pressure and flow compensated (PFC)
design. This hydraulic pump has a minimum displacement stop of 7 cc (0.43 in3), which
keeps the pump at a minimum flow when no load sensing signal is present. The pump
will deliver a minimum flow of 4 gpm at rated (2200) RPM any time that no circuit is
activated. This 4 gpm flows to tank through the flow regulator (unloading) valve located
in the inlet section of the backhoe valve. This pump requires a load sensing hydraulic
signal from each activated circuit to cause it to deliver flow at a pressure of more than
375 psi.
The load sense spool within the pump compensator maintains a 290 psi differential
pressure between the pump output pressure and the load sense pressure. An easy
way to think of load sense pressure is to equate it to the highest pressure required to
move the cylinder in any of the active circuits. If both the swing and boom circuits were
to be activated at the same time likely one circuit would require a higher pressure than
the other. For example, if the swing circuit were to require 1500 psi to move the
cylinders and the boom circuit were to require 1950 psi move the cylinder, the 1950
pressure would be the load sense (LS) signal that would be sent to the pump
compensator control. Because the load sense (LS) spool maintains the 290 psi
differential pressure, the pump output pressure would then be 2240 psi. Any time that
the pressure required to move the cylinder changes, the pump output pressure would
change but the 290 psi differential would be maintained.
There is an operating condition in which the 290 psi differential will not be maintained.
The 290 psi differential will not be maintained when none of the circuits are activated.
At this time, the LS pressure would be very low, approximately tank pressure. The
pump outlet pressure would then be approximately 375 psi as the pump would be
flowing about 4 gpm at rated speed and this flow would be allowed to flow to tank
through the flow regulator in the backhoe valve inlet section with a backpressure of 375
psi. The maximum system operating pressure of 3000 to 3100 psi is controlled by the
load sense (LS) relief valve located in the inlet section of the backhoe valve.
All of the circuits of the variable volume pump equipped Loader Backhoe system have
the closed center design in which no oil will flow through them in the neutral position.
The output of the pump is directly connected to the loader and backhoe valves and also
to the Uni-Direction Auxiliary valve if the unit is equipped with that option. The steering
and optional coupler control valve circuits are supplied from the priority valve located in
the loader valve inlet section.


580/590 Super M Series 3 Hydraulic System Variable Volume Pilot Controls

(contd.)
When the steering system is activated, priority oil will flow from the “D” port from the
flow divider in the inlet section of the loader valve to the steering handpump and to the
bucket coupler control valve if the unit is equipped with that option. Pump output oil not
required by the steering system then flows from EF port of the priority flow divider
equally to all spools of the loader valve. The steering control is a closed center load-
sensing valve mounted in the steering column. When the steering system is actuated
by the steering wheel, a load sense signal, which is equal to the pressure required to
steer the unit, is returned to DLS port of the loader valve. This will cause the priority
valve in the inlet of the loader valve to deliver only as much oil to the steering system as
required. The remainder of the pump flow is then sent to the remainder of the hydraulic
system. The maximum steering pressure is controlled by a load sense relief valve
located in the steering handpump.
The oil from the “D” port from the flow divider in the inlet section of the loader valve is
also available to the bucket coupler control valve. There is a relief valve in the coupler
valve to limit the maximum coupler circuit pressure by limiting the load sense signal
pressure returned to the priority flow divider. During normal operation, steering circuit
pressure is ported to the locking side of the coupler cylinder keeping it locked.
The loader valve is a closed center type of valve. This valve has a priority valve located
in the inlet section to provide oil to the steering and bucket coupler circuits. The
maximum operating pressure in all of the loader circuits is controlled by the load sense
relief valve located in the backhoe valve inlet section. This multi-section loader valve is
available with either two or three spools, depending on whether the unit has the optional
loader auxiliary/clam hydraulics installed. The loader lift and bucket spools are
manually actuated. The optional auxiliary/clam spool is electro hydraulic pilot
controlled. The solenoids that control the clam circuit are of proportional design in that
they control the flow from the circuit in direct relation to the amount that the control
button is depressed. The switches that control the clam circuit are thumb actuated
rheostat buttons and are located in the loader control lever handle. All of the loader
valves have equal access to pump supply flow. This allows all of the circuits to operate
at the same time, depending on the pressure and flow requirements. The bucket
section has two-circuit relief valves installed in it to protect that circuit. The Loader lift
spool has float capability. When in the float position both ends of the cylinder are
connected to the tank so the loader can follow the contour of the ground. The loader lift
circuit can be equipped with an optional ride control system to allow the loader to be
cushioned when traveling. The ride control can be turned on or off by using the switch
on the right-hand console. NOTE: If the ride control switch is in the on position, there
will be no loader down pressure.
Each of the variable volume system loader valve circuits has a flow compensator spool
to prevent unexpected flow changes when another circuit is actuated. The maximum
flow available for each circuit is limited and is controlled by spool travel and the notches
on the control spool. Each of the loader circuits have load check valves to prevent the
load from dropping as the circuit is gradually activated.



(contd.)
Full pump output flow is equally available to the loader valve, backhoe valve and also
the optional uni-direction auxiliary valve, if equipped. The optional uni-direction
backhoe hammer valve allows the operator to select the flow required to operate the
hammer. Electrical power to the optional hammer valve is supplied through the pilot
enable switch on the right hand backhoe control tower. On units equipped with pilot
backhoe controls the uni-direction auxiliary hydraulic system is controlled by a button
switch at the top of the left hand backhoe control lever.
The M Series 3 variable volume pilot control backhoe valve is a multi-section design
with a closed center flow path. The variable volume piston pump has a minimum
displacement stop that causes it to deliver a minimum flow of about 4 gpm with the
engine running at rated, 2200, RPM. Because of the closed center design of all circuits,
there is an unloading valve in the backhoe valve inlet section that allows the pump flow
to divert directly to the tank passage. This unloading valve maintains a minimum
pressure of 375 psi (26 bar) on the pump outlet when all circuits are in neutral. The
backhoe unloading valve is closed by the load sense pilot control system pressure that
also sends the highest system operating pressure requirement to the load sense spool
in the variable volume pump compensator. When circuits are activated, the
compensator in the pump continuously maintains a 290 psi (20 bar) differential between
the pump outlet and load sense pressures. A load sense pressure relief valve is located
in the backhoe valve inlet section. This relief valve limits the maximum load sense
pressure which limits the maximum pressure in both the loader and backhoe circuits.
The multi-section pilot control backhoe valve is available with either six, seven or eight
spools, depending on whether the unit has Extend-A-Hoe and or bi-directional auxiliary
hydraulics installed.
The swing, boom, dipper and bucket circuits are controlled by hydraulic pilot control
joysticks. An exclusive in cab pattern change switch can change from backhoe to
excavator control pattern with no tools required. The switch is located at the base of the
right hand backhoe control tower. The Extend-A-Hoe, bi-directional auxiliary and both
stabilizer circuits are electronically controlled via proportional solenoids. The Extend-A-
Hoe circuit is actuated by a thumb actuated proportional switch located in the right
backhoe control. The stabilizers are fingertip switch controlled at the base of the left
backhoe control tower. The bi-directional auxiliary hydraulic system is controlled by
pushbuttons at the top of the right hand backhoe control lever. If the unit is equipped
with the optional uni-direction auxiliary system, a single switch at the top of the left
control handle activates it.



(contd.)
The Swing, Dipper and Bucket sections all have pilot operated circuit relief valves with
anti-cavitation check valves. The Boom down and Dipper in circuits have pilot operated
circuit relief valves with anti-cavitation check valves. The Boom up and Dipper out
circuits have direct acting circuit relief valves with no anti-cavitation feature. The boom
spool also has an additional anti-cavitation feature built into it to limit problems with the
boom down circuit. The swing circuit has an anti-rebound valve which slows the swing
system gradually to make the system operate smoothly. Both outrigger sections have
two-way lock check valves installed in them. These lock checks help hold the outriggers
in either the up or down position.
Each of the backhoe circuits has a flow compensator spool to prevent unexpected flow
changes when another circuit is actuated. The maximum flow available for each pilot
controlled backhoe circuit is limited and is controlled by spool travel and the notches on
the control spool. The maximum flow available for the circuits is different in some of the
circuits to control the cylinder speeds. Each of the backhoe circuits have load check
valves to prevent the load from dropping as the circuit is gradually activated. In the
boom, dipper and bucket circuits, the load check feature is incorporated into the
compensator spool.


Notes
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Basic Principles Of The Load Sense System

The Case Variable Volume pilot control Loader Backhoes use a closed center pressure
and flow compensated hydraulic system. The loader valve on this variable volume
hydraulic system is also a closed center valve which includes a priority flow control in
the inlet section for the steering and bucket quick coupler circuits. The backhoe control
valve used in the Series 3 hydraulic system is similar to but not the same as the one
used on the Series 2 pilot control units. The premise of the load sensing control valve is
the pressure loss due to flow across restrictions.
Flow Across a Restriction
The hydraulic system of the pilot control Loader Backhoes uses the principle of flow
across a restriction for circuit functions. It is important to understand this basic principle
in order to understand how the system works, or more importantly, why the system may
not be working. The A gauge would be pump outlet pressure and the B gauge would be
Load Sense (LS) pressure.
1. When oil flows through an unrestricted passage, the pressure in this passage, if
any, will remain constant as long as pump flow remains constant. The
unrestricted example would be when the pump is at full flow displacement.
2. When oil in a passage flows across a restriction, the pressure after the restriction
will be less than the pressure before that restriction. Flow must exist for this to
happen. A restriction can occur by any component causing a resistance to flow.
This example would happen when a circuit is being regulated by the spool.
3. When oil in a passage is fully restricted from flow (no-flow), the pressure in the
passage will build until it reaches the relief valve setting. This relief pressure will
be maintained as long as the flow is blocked and the pump is functioning normally.
This is true regardless of what component is blocking flow. No flow will create
constant pressure in the passage based on the relief valve setting. This example
would happen when the circuit is deadheaded.

580/590 SM Series 3 Hydraulic System Variable Volume Piston Pump
The 580/590SM Series 3 variable volume system Loader Backhoes use a Sauer
Danfoss Axial Piston variable displacement piston pump with a pressure and flow
compensating (PFC) compensator valve attached. These single pumps are rated to
deliver the total flow required to supply the backhoe circuit requirements. Oil enters the
pump from the reservoir. The outlet port is teed to connect to the inlet of both the loader
and backhoe control valves and also to the Uni-Direction auxiliary control valve, if
equipped. Oil flows out this port in relation to the load sense signal returned to the
pump from the control valves. This load sense signal causes the pump compensator to
reduce the flow output from pump maintain a 290 differential between the pump output
pressure and the load sense pressure. The compensator has another spool which can
be used to limit the maximum pressure of all circuits but it is not used in this system.
This control spool is adjusted more than 500 psi higher than maximum system pressure
and therefore is not a functioning spool.

580/590 SM Series 3 Hydraulic System Variable Volume Piston Pump

Sauer Danfoss Piston Pump How It Works
The Sauer Pressure And Flow Compensated Pump is a variable displacement piston pump
that uses a swash plate to control output flow. The swash plate is spring loaded to the full
flow position, by the on-stroke spring, with the engine off. The on-stroke (bias) spring is
located on the de-stroke piston. The de-stroke piston is controlled by the compensator.
The compensator regulates the output flow of the pump to satisfy system requirements, up to
the full flow available from the pump. The compensator has two spring biased spools. The
pressure control spool, (high pressure standby), has two heavy springs shown on the right
end. The flow control spool, (low pressure standby), has two light springs shown on the right
end. Pump outlet pressure is ported to the right end of both of these spools. The right end of
the pressure control spool is connected to tank pressure. The right end of the flow control
spool is connected to the load sense signal port in the Loader Backhoe system control
valves. When the valves are in neutral, the load sense port is connected to tank through the
signal bleed down orifice in the backhoe valve inlet section.
The pump outlet pressure is also ported to the left end of both of the compensator spools.
When the pump outlet pressure reaches 290 psi, the flow control spool would shift to the right
allowing pressurized fluid to get to the de-stroke piston, causing the pump outlet flow to
reduce. In a standard PFC pump system, the pump would return to zero flow when all of the
control valves are in neutral. This hydraulic pump has a minimum displacement stop of 7 cc
(0.43 in3), which keeps the pump at a minimum flow when no load sensing signal is present.
The pump will deliver a minimum flow of 4 gpm at rated (2200) RPM any time that no circuit
is activated. This 4 gpm flows to tank through the flow regulator (unloading) valve located in
the inlet section of the backhoe valve. This pump requires a load sensing hydraulic signal
from each activated circuit to cause it to deliver flow at a pressure of more than 375 psi.
The load sense spool within the pump compensator maintains a 290 psi differential pressure
between the pump output pressure and the load sense pressure. An easy way to think of
load sense pressure is to equate it to the highest pressure required to move the cylinder in
any of the active circuits. If both the swing and boom circuits were to be activated at the
same time likely one circuit would require a higher pressure than the other. For example, if
the swing circuit required 1500 psi to move the cylinders and the boom circuit were to require
1950 psi move the cylinder, the 1950 pressure would be the load sense (LS) signal that
would be sent to the pump compensator control. Because the load sense (LS) spool
maintains the 290 psi differential pressure, the pump output pressure would then be 2240 psi.
Any time that the pressure required to move the cylinder changes, the pump output pressure
would change but the 290 psi differential would be maintained.
There is an operating condition in which the 290 psi differential will not be maintained. The
290 psi differential will not be maintained when none of the circuits are activated. At this
time, the LS pressure would be very low, approximately tank pressure. The pump outlet
pressure would then be approximately 375 psi as the pump would be flowing about 4 gpm at
rated speed and this flow would be allowed to flow to tank through the flow regulator in the
backhoe valve inlet section with a backpressure of 375 psi. The maximum system operating
pressure of 3000 to 3100 psi is controlled by the load sense (LS) relief valve located in the
inlet section of the backhoe valve.


Sauer Danfoss Piston Pump How It Works
When any of the valve control spools are actuated, the pressure required for that circuit is
connected to the load sense port of the valve which would then be connected to the load
sense, spring end, of the flow control spool in the piston pump compensator. This load sense
pressure, in addition to the springs, causes the flow control spool to move to the left. This will
then cause the pump to deliver as much flow to the valve as it can accept, up to the full flow
capability of the pump. The control valve will maintain a 290 psi pressure drop between the
pump outlet pressure and the load sense pressure. The pump will continuously deliver as
much flow as required to maintain the 290 psi pressure drop.
When the control valve is actuated and the actuator has reached the end of the travel, the
pressure control, (high pressure standby) would normally limit the maximum system
pressure. The pressure control spool in this pump is adjusted to 3625 psi, much higher than
the maximum required, so it does not control the maximum pressure. In this Loader Backhoe
system, the maximum system pressure is regulated by the LS relief valve located in the inlet
section of the backhoe valve. Restricting the maximum load sense (LS) pressure keeps the
pressure control spool from reacting.


Sauer Danfoss Piston Pump - Engine Off
When the engine is off, the piston pump is positioned to the full flow delivery position by on-
stroke spring. The de-stroke servo piston is in the fully retracted position. With no pressure
available, the heavy spring at the end of the pressure control (high pressure stand-by) spool
would hold the spool in the position that the pump would deliver full flow. With no pressure
available, the lighter springs at the end of the flow control (low pressure stand-by) spool
would hold the spool in the position that the pump would deliver full flow. As soon as the
pump begins to turn and deliver fluid, the compensator control spool and de-stroke servo
piston react.

Engine Off

Sauer Danfoss Piston Pump - Engine Running – Regulating Flow
When the engine is running and a function has been activated, the control valve will deliver
pump output flow to the circuit and would also send a load sense signal back to the pump
compensator equal to the pressure required to operate the function. The system plumbing
and the control valve will cause a 290 psi pressure differential between the pump outlet
pressure and load sense signal port at the pump. The flow control (low pressure stand-by)
spool will maintain the 290 psi differential pressure and will continuously send oil from the
pump outlet to the de-stroke piston to limit the output to what is required to maintain the
differential. The de-stroke piston will continuously regulate the position of the swash plate
within the pump.

Engine Running – Regulating Flow

Sauer Piston Pump - Engine Running – High Pressure Relief
When a circuit is activated and the actuator will no longer move, i.e. cylinder at the end of
stroke, the load sense signal will rise to a value approximately 375 psi lower than the pump
outlet pressure. On the Loader Backhoes, the maximum load sense pressure is controlled by
the load sense relief valve located in the inlet section of the Backhoe valve. This valve limits
the maximum load sense pressure delivered to the backhoe valve minimum flow bypass
valve and the pump compensator to limit the pump outlet pressure to 3000 to 3100 PSI.
When the actuator stops, the pump flow goes to approximately 4 gpm at 2200 rpm. The
maximum pump outlet pressure is controlled by the Minimum Flow Bypass Valve (flow
regulator).

Engine Running – High Pressure Relief

Pilot Backhoe Control Valve – Inlet Section
The backhoe control valve on units equipped with the pilot control option is a multi section
valve, with an inlet and outlet section and an individual section for all of the backhoe circuits
that the machine is equipped with. Each of the backhoe control circuit function sections is
closed center in that none of the pump flow travels through the section when it is in neutral.
On 580 M and 580SM units with the pilot backhoe option, this means that the inlet section
must be equipped with a flow regulator, or unloading spool to allow the pump supply oil to
flow to the tank when all control spools are in neutral. The flow regulator will then throttle the
pump flow between the work port and the tank port as the spool is activated. Activating a
circuit fully, will then send all of the pump flow to the circuit. The flow regulator is controlled
by the Load Sense (LS) signal that is generated when a circuit is activated. When a 580M or
580SM Backhoe circuit reaches the end of the travel, the pressure would build. The load
sense relief valve, located in the pilot backhoe valve inlet section, will limit the maximum
pressure available.
On 590SM units with the pilot backhoe option, this means that pump supply oil is available to
the backhoe circuits from the priority flow (CF) port of the hydraulic pump priority flow divider.
When none of the priority functions are activated, the pump flow exits the pump through the
excess flow (EF) port to the loader control valve. If none of the loader circuits are activated,
the oil would then flow to tank through the outlet port of the loader valve. The priority flow
divider will then throttle the pump flow between the CF port and the EF port as the backhoe
control spool is activated. Activating a circuit fully, will then send all of the pump flow to the
circuit. The priority flow divider is controlled by the Load Sense (LS) signal that is generated
when a circuit is activated. . When a 580M or 580SM Backhoe circuit reaches the end of the
travel, the pressure would build. The load sense relief valve, located in the priority flow
divider section of the hydraulic pump, will limit the maximum pressure available.
A signal bleed down orifice in the pilot backhoe valve inlet section allows approximately 0.7
liters of load sense pressure oil to flow to the tank passage when circuits are activated. This
bleed off assures that the load sense pressure will rapidly diminish to tank pressure when the
circuit is returned to neutral. This will then assure that the pump flow will divert to tank as
soon as the circuit is in neutral.

Pilot Backhoe Control Valve – Inlet Section

Pilot Backhoe Control Valve – Inlet Section – Flow Regulator Open
Gear Pump Pilot System
The backhoe control valve on units equipped with the gear pump pilot control option is a multi
section valve, with an inlet and outlet section and an individual section for all of the backhoe
circuits that the machine is equipped with. Each of the backhoe control circuit function
sections is closed center in that none of the pump flow travels through the section when it is
in neutral. On 580 M and 580SM units with the pilot backhoe option, this means that the inlet
section must be equipped with a flow regulator, or unloading spool to allow the pump supply
oil to flow to the tank when all control spools are in neutral. On 580 M and 580SM units,
pump flow enters the valve at the P2 inlet section port and is available to all of the work
sections and the flow regulator spool. As a spool is gradually activated, the flow regulator will
then throttle the pump flow between the work port and the tank port. Activating a circuit fully,
will then send all of the pump flow to the circuit. The flow regulator is controlled by the Load
Sense (LS) signal that is generated when a circuit is activated. The pressure at the inlet port
of the valve will be approximately 200 to 300 PSI higher than the LS pressure returned from
the activated section.
Variable Volume Piston Pump Pilot System
The backhoe control valve on units equipped with the variable volume piston pump pilot
control option is a multi section valve, with an inlet and outlet section and an individual
section for all of the backhoe circuits that the machine is equipped with. Each of the backhoe
control circuit function sections is closed center in that none of the pump flow travels through
the section when it is in neutral. On variable volume piston pump units with the pilot backhoe
option, this means that the inlet section must be equipped with a minimum flow bypass, flow
regulator, or unloading spool to allow the pump supply oil to flow to the tank when all control
spools are in neutral. On variable volume piston pump units, pump flow enters the valve at
the P2 inlet section port and is available to all of the work sections and the minimum flow
bypass (flow regulator) spool. When all of the controls are in neutral, the pump will return to
a minimum flow of approximately 4 GPM with the engine at rated speed. This 4 GPM enters
the inlet section and flows to tank through the minimum flow bypass valve at approximately
375 P/SI. As a spool is gradually activated, the flow regulator will then throttle the pump flow
between the work port and the tank port. Once the circuit requirement exceeds the 4 GPM
minimum, the minimum flow bypass valve will fully close and then the variable volume pump
will gradually increase flow to match the demand. The minimum flow bypass, flow regulator,
and the variable volume piston pump is controlled by the Load Sense (LS) signal that is
generated when a circuit is activated. The pressure at the inlet port of the valve will be
approximately 290 PSI higher than the LS pressure returned from the activated section once
the circuit demand exceeds 4 GPM.

Pilot Backhoe Control Valve – Inlet Section – Flow Regulator Open
Pilot Backhoe Control Valve – Inlet Section – Minimum Flow Bypass Open

Pilot Backhoe Control Valve – Inlet Section – LS Relief Closed
flow to the tank when all control spools are in neutral. On 580 M and 580SM units, pump
flow enters the valve at the P2 inlet section port and is available to all of the work sections
and the flow regulator spool. As a spool is gradually activated, the flow regulator will then
throttle the pump flow between the work port and the tank port. When the activated circuit
reaches the end of its travel, the pressure will rise. The maximum circuit pressure is
controlled by the Load Sense relief valve, located in the inlet section. As long as the LS
pressure is lower than the setting of the LS relief valve, the control poppet will remain on the
seat. This prevents LS flow to the tank passage. The pressure at the inlet port of the valve
will be approximately 200 to 300 PSI higher than the LS pressure returned from the activated
section.

Pilot Backhoe Control Valve – Inlet Section – LS Relief Closed

Pilot Backhoe Control Valve – Inlet Section – LS Relief Open
flow to the tank when all control spools are in neutral. On 580 M and 580SM units, pump
flow enters the valve at the P2 inlet section port and is available to all of the work sections
and the flow regulator spool. As a spool is gradually activated, the flow regulator will then
throttle the pump flow between the work port and the tank port. When the activated circuit
reaches the end of its travel, the pressure will rise. The maximum circuit pressure is
controlled by the Load Sense relief valve, located in the inlet section. When the LS pressure
reaches the setting of the LS relief valve, the control poppet will lift off from the seat, allowing
LS oil to flow to the tank passage. This limits the maximum LS Pressure in the spring area of
the flow regulator or unloading valve. The unloading spool acts as the main relief valve
control poppet, opening the passage between the valve inlet port and the tank passage. The
pressure at the inlet port of the valve will be approximately 200 to 300 PSI higher than the LS
pressure returned from the activated section.

Pilot Backhoe Control Valve – Inlet Section – LS Relief Open

Pilot Backhoe Control Valve – Inlet Section – Signal Bleed Down regulating
flow to the tank when all control spools are in neutral. The flow regulator will then throttle the
pump flow between the work port and the tank port as the spool is activated. Activating a
circuit fully, will then send all of the pump flow to the circuit. The flow regulator is controlled
by the Load Sense (LS) signal that is generated when a circuit is activated. When a 580M or
580SM Backhoe circuit reaches the end of the travel, the pressure would build. The load
sense relief valve, located in the pilot backhoe valve inlet section, will limit the maximum
pressure available.
A signal bleed down orifice in the pilot backhoe valve inlet section allows approximately 0.7
liters of load sense pressure oil to flow to the tank passage when circuits are activated. This
will then assure that the pump flow will divert to tank as soon as the circuit is in neutral. The
0.7 liter per minute flow is controlled by the signal bleed down orifice. When the load sense
circuit pressure is elevated, additional load sense oil could flow through the orifice. This
additional pressure causes the spool to move the right collapsing the control spring. As the
spool moves to the right, the land on the spool will restrict the oil exiting the spring area of the
assembly. This restriction will then maintain a constant pressure drop across the orifice and
then maintain a constant leakage rate to the tank passage. This bleed off assures that the
load sense pressure will rapidly diminish to tank pressure when the circuit is returned to
neutral. This rapid reduction in load sense pressure would then allow the flow regulator to
open on the 580M and 580SM pilot control units. The rapid reduction will also allow the flow
divider spool to react quickly in the hydraulic pump on the 590SM Pilot models.

Pilot Backhoe Control Valve – Inlet Section – Signal Bleed Down regulating

Pilot Control Valve Circuit Relief - Closed Position
The purpose of a circuit relief valve is to limit the maximum pressure, in a circuit, when the
control spool is in neutral. The circuit relief valve also provides an anti-cavitation check valve
to allow make-up oil to enter the circuit as the cylinder moves when the spool is in the neutral
position.
When the circuit pressure is less than the setting of the main relief, the seating poppet spring
and the piston spring holds the piston and seating poppet closed and does not allow work
port flow to return to the tank. Pressure flows through a hole in the center of the piston to the
small spring area of the valve. The pressure is trapped in the small spring area, by the pilot
poppet resting on the seat. The oil, trapped in the small spring area of the valve, is the same
as system pressure. With equal pressure on both sides of the piston and seating poppet, the
forces are balanced and the small springs hold the seating poppet closed. This seals the
passage of oil from the work port area to the tank area.
In most circuits, the setting of the circuit relief is higher than the main relief. When the setting
is greater than the main relief, the only time that the circuit relief will open, is when the control
spool is in the neutral position and an external force is applied to the circuit.
A handpump is required to adjust circuit valves, even on valves with pressure specifications
lower than the main relief setting.
“At no time, should the main relief valve setting be

increased to adjust a circuit relief valve”

Pilot Control Valve Circuit Relief Valve - Closed Position

Pilot Control Valve Circuit Relief - Open Position
The “M” Series 2 machines equipped with the pilot control backhoe option use a pilot
operated circuit relief. When the pressure of the oil in the circuit is greater than the setting of
the circuit relief, the pilot poppet lifts off of its seat in the body plug. The oil trapped in the
light spring area between the body plug and the seating poppet begins to flow to the tank. As
the trapped oil begins to flow to the tank, the pressure drops in the light spring area, causing
an unbalanced condition on the piston. When the hydraulic force is greater on the work port
side of the piston than the trapped pressure area, the small piston spring collapses, to
allowing the piston to move upward toward the tapered tip of the pilot poppet. The tapered
tip of the pilot poppet will then throttle the amount of oil flowing into the light spring area of the
valve and hence back to tank through the pilot poppet to the body plug seat. This throttled
flow of oil through the light spring area of the valve assembly causes a lower hydraulic force
at the top side of the seating poppet than the lower side. This causes the seating poppet to
move upward opening a flow path from the work port area to the tank area. A handpump is
required, as a flow source to test the circuit relief valve. The adjustment specifications reflect
this oil flow source.
A handpump must always be used to adjust circuit relief valves.


Pilot Control Valve Circuit Relief - Open Position

Pilot Control Valve Circuit Relief Valve – Anti-Cavitation Check Valve Open
position. When the pressure of the oil in the circuit, is less than the pressure in the tank
passage, the lower work port pressure will be sensed in the spring area of the seating
poppet. This will cause a lower hydraulic force in the spring area of the seating poppet,
causing it to move upwards. This unseats the tip of the seating poppet from the seat in the
circuit relief valve body, which allows the oil in the tank passage to flow into the circuit. The
relief valve seating poppet then is acting as the anti-cavitation check valve in the circuit.


Pilot Control Valve Circuit Relief Valve – Check Valve Open Position

Pilot Control Valve Direct Acting Circuit Relief - Closed Position
position.
When the circuit pressure is less than the setting of the main relief, the relief valve spring
holds the poppet closed to the seat and does not allow work port flow to return to the tank.
This seals the passage of oil from the work port area to the tank area.
In most circuits, the setting of the circuit relief is higher than the main relief. When the setting
is greater than the main relief, the only time that the circuit relief will open, is when the control
spool is in the neutral position and an external force is applied to the circuit.
A handpump is required to adjust circuit valves, even on valves with pressure specifications
lower than the main relief setting.


S Series Pilot Control Valve Circuit Relief Valve - Closed Position

Pilot Control Valve Direct Acting Circuit Relief - Open Position
The “M” Series 3 machines equipped with the variable volume piston pump pilot control
backhoe option use a direct acting circuit relief. When the pressure of the oil in the circuit is
greater than the setting of the circuit relief, the poppet lifts off of its seat in the cartridge. The
oil trapped between the seat and the poppet begins to flow to the tank. A handpump is
required, as a flow source to test the circuit relief valve. The adjustment specifications reflect
this oil flow source.
A handpump must always be used to adjust circuit relief valves.


S Series Pilot Control Valve Circuit Relief Valve – Open Position

Pilot Control Direct Acting Circuit Relief - Anti-Cavitation Check Valve Open
position. When the pressure of the oil in the circuit, is less than the pressure in the tank
passage, the lower work port pressure will cause the seat portion of the relief valve cartridge
to raise upwards from the valve body allowing oil in the tank passage to flow into the circuit.
The relief valve cartridge seat then is acting as the anti-cavitation check valve in the circuit.


Pilot Control Direct Acting Circuit Relief - Anti-Cavitation Check Valve Open

Pilot Backhoe Control Valve – SX14 Classic Control Section

The pilot backhoe control valve is a sectional valve with a section for each function. The
sections are closed center, in that they do not allow oil to flow through them when they are in
neutral. The swing, extend-a-hoe and Bi-Directional Auxiliary sections are Rexroth SX14
Classic design. There are two load check valves per section, one for flow to each work port.
All of the sections except the extend-a-hoe and stabilizers have circuit relief valves. These
relief valves limit the maximum pressure in the boom circuit, even if the spool is in the neutral
position. The circuit relief valves also have an anti-cavitation check valve function to allow
make-up oil into the circuit as the opposite circuit relief valve opens. All sections, except the
stabilizers, use only the spool to bore fit to hold the cylinders in position.
A Load Sense signal, based upon the pressure required to operate the circuit function, is
required to activate the flow regulator to only deliver the quantity of oil that the circuit
requires. The Load Sense pressure signal is ported through the compensator of each circuit
activated. Only the highest Load Sense pressure is ported to the flow regulator circuit. The
compensators in all other activated spools then are used to throttle the higher inlet pressure
available down to the lower circuit pressure requirement. There are two different
compensator designs available, a one piece and a two piece. The center land of the control
spool controls the speed of the each circuit that is activated.
There is a spool centering spring at each end of the spools. Pilot pressure oil is ported to the
end cap to activate the spool.

Pilot Backhoe Control Valve – Classic Control Section

Pilot Backhoe Control Valve – S Type Control Section
The pilot backhoe control valve is a sectional valve with a section for each function. The
sections are closed center, in that they do not allow oil to flow through them when they are in
neutral. The boom, dipper and bucket sections are Rexroth SX14S design. All of these
sections have circuit relief valves. These relief valves limit the maximum pressure in the
boom circuit, even if the spool is in the neutral position. The circuit relief valves also have an
anti-cavitation check valve function to allow make-up oil into the circuit as the opposite circuit
relief valve opens. These circuit relief valves are not adjustable but the service part relief
valve can be adjusted. All sections, except the stabilizers, use only the spool to bore fit to
hold the cylinders in position.
A Load Sense signal, based upon the pressure required to operate the circuit function, is
required to activate the minimum flow bypass (flow regulator) to only deliver the quantity of oil
that the circuit requires when the flow is less than the delivery with the pump at the minimum
flow stop. At less than 4 gpm flow, the flow regulator will control the difference between
pump outlet pressure and LS pressure to approximately 375 psi. Once the flow delivery to
the circuit exceeds approximately 4 gpm, the flow regulator closes completely and the flow
control spool in the Sauer piston pump will deliver whatever flow is required to maintain the
290 psi bias low pressure standby pressure. The Load Sense pressure signal is ported
through the compensator of each circuit activated. Only the highest Load Sense pressure is
ported to the flow regulator circuit and also to the Sauer pump compensator. The
compensators in all other activated spools then are used to throttle the higher inlet pressure
available down to the lower circuit pressure requirement. The compensators for the boom,
dipper and bucket sections also act as the load check valves. This design of compensator
prevents the load from lowering as the control spool is gradually activated. The center land
of the control spool controls the speed of the each circuit that is activated.
There is a spool centering spring at each end of the spools. Pilot pressure oil is ported to the
end cap to activate the spool.

Pilot Backhoe Control Valve – S Type Control Section

Pilot Backhoe Control Valve – Assembly Specifications
The spools for each of the pilot control backhoe are sized for the bore that they are installed
in and are not interchangeable. It is possible to install the spools either way endwise but
refer to the chart on the facing page for the correct assembly sequence. Also refer to the
chart on the facing page for the correct installation of the circuit relief valves.
In late 2004, the boom spools for 580 and 590 valves were modified.
The position of torque notches were modified to start at 4 mm instead of 2.5mm.
Then code of the 590 boom spool then changed from HJ237 to HJ251
The same modification has been applied to the 580 Boom spool and the code then changed
from HJ216 to HJ252

580 Series 2 Pilot Valve Specifications

590 Series 2 Pilot Valve Specifications

580 & 590 Series 3 Variable Volume Pilot Valve Specifications

DESCRIPTION OF COMFORT STEER TM

SYSTEM:
Comfort Steer™ power steering is now NOTE: COMFORT STEER WILL ONLY
available as a factory option on Case BE AVAILABLE AS A FACTORY OPTION.
Loader Backhoes equipped with the power A FIELD-INSTALLED KIT AND
shift transmission option built after January INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS WILL
1, 2007. It is intended for tight work NOT BE DEVELOPED FOR CURRENT
conditions, or for repetitive work such as OR PRIOR MODELS.
backfilling and truck loading at slow
ground speeds. It is currently not
available on units equipped with standard
transmissions.
When activated, it reduces from 3.0 to 1.4

the number of steering wheel turns
required to turn lock-to-lock.
Operation:
To activate the Comfort Steer™ system,
press the right “ACTIVATE” side of the
control switch, Figure 1, which is located at
the top of the left-hand front console
group.
1 This is a momentary-contact switch,

and will spring-return to the center “ON”
position.
2 The switch indicator light will
illuminate when the system is active.
The system will deactivate when any one

of the following occurs: Figure 1
1 The left side of the control switch,

Figure #1, is pressed to the OFF position.
2 The key switch is turned off, or any
other electrical power interruption occurs;
when the power returns, Comfort Steer™
will default to the deactivated mode.
3 Third or fourth gear is selected;
Comfort Steer™ operates in first and
second gear only.
NOTE: Any time the Comfort Steer™

system is deactivated for any reason, it
must be manually reactivated. It will not
reactivate itself

The Hydraulic System:
The steering control valve (pump) is
similar to a standard steering pump,
except that it is longer, and that it has an
extra pilot port on the side, Figure #2 item
1.
10 bar (150 psi) is the minimum standby

pressure required at the pilot port to
activate the Comfort Steer™ steering
mode. Standby pilot pressure remains at
10 to 14 bar (150 to 200 psi) until another
function, such as steering wheel or quick Figure 2
coupler is activated.
Comfort Steer pilot pressure is controlled
by a solenoid valve, Figure 3, item 1,
which is mounted next to the hydraulic
filter. The hoses connected to this valve
are:
The pressure supply hose, figure 3 item 2.
The return hose, figure 3 item 3.
The pilot hose, figure 3 item 4.
Figure 3
1. Solenoid Valve 2. Pressure Hose
3. Return Hose 4. Pilot Hose

Comfort Steer Hydraulic Schematic:
Steering In Standard Mode:
The oil supply to the P port of the steering control valve comes from the CF port of the priority
flow divider in the rear of the main hydraulic pump. In the Standard Mode, the solenoid valve
is not activated which vents the Comfort Steer Control Valve in the handpump to tank. As the
wheel is steered, the steering control spool sends supply oil to the ORB1 displacement motor.
The oil flowing through ORB1 then flows back through the Steering Control Spool to the
Steering Cylinder. The oil that is ported to the steering cylinder is also ported to both sides of
the ORB2 displacement motor. An LS signal is also sent to the LS port on the hydraulic
pump. This causes the priority valve to deliver the required oil through the CF port to the
steering control valve.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
The hydraulic schematic is provided above for reference.

The Electrical System:

System electrical power is provided by a 10-
amp fuse, 1, labeled, “TRANSMISSION,
FAST STEER”.
The power relay, 1, turns the solenoid ON and OFF. The relay “latches” into position
electrically, so that the system can remain active when the momentary-contact switch spring-
returns to the center position.
The cut-out relay, 2, prevents Comfort Steer™ from operating in third and fourth gears. It can
be identified by a red tie strap on the wires at the base of the relay.

The electrical schematic is provided below for reference.


Troubleshooting:
Use the troubleshooting chart, below, to assist in servicing the electrical system.
Reported
Check For Possible Causes
Symptom
Solenoid valve, switch, or power relay
not connected or defective, wiring
Yes
Does Powershift problem downstream of or at cutout
Comfort Steer
shift correctly (see relay
does not function
shift test) Missing or blown fuse, missing or
No defective cutout relay, wiring problem
upstream or at cutout relay
Missing or blown fuse, missing or
Yes defective cutout relay, wiring problem
upstream or at cutout relay
Powershift does Does Comfort
not shift correctly Steer Function Solenoid valve, switch, or power relay
not connected or defective, wiring
No
problem downstream of or at cutout
relay
Defective solenoid coil or cartridge,
Comfort Steer
wiring error from power relay to solenoid
light comes on
Is solenoid valve Yes connector, defective steering unit
and stays on,
plugged in (check for min 150 psi in pilot hose port
steering is still
system engaged)
normal speed
No Unplugged solenoid valve
Comfort Steer Continuity Switch Yes Bad switch or bad relay
only active when T1 Relay T85
switch is active andT1-Relay T85
when switch is and Switch T2- No Wiring error at switch or relay
held down Relay T87?
Comfort Steer Continuity Switch Yes Replace switch
light will not come T10 and Relay
on but Comfort T87 and Switch No Wiring error at switch or relay
Steering works T8-Ground
Comfort Steer Check shift signal
seems to work in to controller (see Defective cutout relay, wiring error
all gears shift test)
Comfort Steer
works but there is
Kinked hose, restrictive fitting, defective
a lag time in
solenoid valve, other flow restriction
shifting back to
normal steering

Perform the shift test, as follows:

1 Have the engine running.
2 Repeatedly press the “M” button, 1, on the power shift controller, until “SL”
appears in the display (about 3 times). The controller will now display the selected gear.
3. Shift the power shift gear selector through all four gears, and observe as
follows:
If the display advances from “1” to “2” to “3” to “4” to match the gear selector, the
cut-out relay is working properly.
If the display advances from “1” to “2” to “2” to “1” as the gear selector is
advanced from “1” to “2” to “3” to “4”, then the cutout relay, or its wiring, is not operating
correctly.

580 590 Series 3 Variable Volume Pilot Controls PDF

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“At no time, should the main relief valve setting be

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A handpump must always be used to adjust circuit relief valves.

“At no time, should the main relief valve setting be

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“At no time, should the main relief valve setting be

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“At no time, should the main relief valve setting be

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A handpump must always be used to adjust circuit relief valves.

“At no time, should the main relief valve setting be

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“At no time, should the main relief valve setting be