APUSH/Darnell/2016

Summative Test #2, 1815-1877: Test Prep Questions

Multiple Choice
Questions 1-4 refer to the map below

1. What federal law does the map above depict?

a. Convention of 1818
b. 1819 Adams-Onis Treaty
c. 1820 Missouri Compromise
d. 1817 Webster-Ashburton Treaty

2. This federal law became necessary because

a. Missouri wanted admittance to the Union as a slave state, which would have offset the balance
between slave and free states
b. The French were not willing to give up this territory as a stipulation of the Louisiana Purchase
c. Texas still claimed areas in Missouri and vowed to fight for them it necessary
d. Maine was going to enter the Union as a free state, which would have offset the balance
between slave and free states

3. The federal law depicted did all the following EXCEPT:

a. Outlaw the fugitive slave laws inside the state area ceded by France
b. Forbid slavery north of the 36 30’ line inside the Louisiana Purchase territory
c. Allow Missouri to enter as a slave state and Maine as a free state
 d. Relieve sectional tensions between free and slave state supporters

4. What period of nationalism does this law most clearly reflect?

a. Constitutional Nationalism reflected in the effective functioning of the law-making checks and
balances in the Constitution during this Early Republican era
b. Judicial Nationalism reflected in the Supreme Court’s activism to sanction federal government
power over states’ rights during the John Marshall era
c. Economic Nationalism reflected in territorial expansion that spurred the market revolution
during this period of Manifest Destiny
d. Political Nationalism reflected in the political unity necessary to achieve sectional balance during
the Era of Good Feelings

For questions 5-8 refer to the image below:

Thomas Nast, “The Union as it was/The Lost Cause, worse than slavery.” Harper’s Weekly, v. 18, no. 930 (24 Oct
1874), p. 878.

5. Most likely, cartoonist Thomas Nast created this cartoon to illustrate

a. The South had begun to embrace Radical Republican Reconstruction policies
b. Reconstruction was not protecting the civil rights of former slaves
c. Freedmen were not prepared or unwilling to peacefully fight for their rights
d. Southern redeemer governments were unable to restore social control in the South

6. What action by southern states led to the conditions represented in this cartoon?
a. The imposition of Black Codes
b. Personal Liberty laws nullifying federal laws granting former slaves civil rights
c. Voter Restriction laws
d. Creation of the sharecropping system

7. What act(s) by Congress were intended to prevent the social and political order depicted by Nast?
a. Establishment of the Freedmen’s Bureau
 b. Passage of constitutional amendments granting civil rights and the suffrage to freedmen
c. Free land for homesteading Exodusters
d. Banking laws that established a standard currency

8. In addition to the factors illustrated above, all of the following contributed to the collapse of Reconstruction
EXCEPT:
a. Political scandals that weakened public trust of high ranking Republican Party officials
b. Economic depression resulting from over-speculation in the railroad industry
c. A land redistribution policy designed to give economic stability to freedmen and poor whites
d. A political compromise halting bayonet rule of former Confederate states

For questions 9-11 refer to the passage below:

Petition of the Committee on Behalf of the Freedmen to President Andrew Johnson, Edisto Island, SC, Oct. 28 th,
1865

We the freedmen of Edisto Island South Carolina have learned . . . of the possibility of government restoring These
islands to the former owners . . . Here is where secession was born and Nurtured. Here is where we have toiled
nearly all Our lives as slaves and were treated like dumb Driven cattle . . . Shall not we who Are freedman and have
been always true to this Union have the same rights as are enjoyed by Others? . . . Are not our rights as A free
people and good citizens of these United States to be considered before the rights of those who were Found in
rebellion against this good and just government with penitent hearts and beg forgiveness For past offenses and also
ask if their lands Cannot be restored to them. Are these rebellious Spirits to be reinstated in their possessions And
we who have been abused and oppressed For many long years not to be allowed the Privilege of purchasing land But
be subject to the will of these large Land owners? . . .

We the freedmen of this Island and of the State of South Carolina—Do therefore petition to you as the President of
the United states, that some provisions be made by which Every colored man can purchase land and Hold it as his
own . . . with the privilege of purchasing A Homestead—A Homestead right here in the Heart of South Carolina.

9. In the Reconstruction era, President Johnson

a. Sided with the Freedmen and issued them “40 acres and a mule”
b. Allowed former Confederates to decide on land ownership
c. Always consulted with the Radical Republicans
d. Deferred to the courts on matters of contracts and land ownership

10. Under the circumstances described in the passage above, southern agriculture throughout the
Reconstruction years saw:
a. The reinstitution of the plantation system
b. Freedmen becoming prosperous as a result of owning the land they farmed
c. Mass migration of former slaves out of the South
d. A subsistence style of agriculture in which freedmen worked on land they could not own

11. From the perspective of the Freedmen, what is the connection between freedom and land ownership?
a. Owning land and being able to secure the fruits of your own labor are key to being free
b. Being free means owning property for yourself
c. There is no argument to be made that owning land and freedom are connected
d. The right to make contracts and the right to vote are what freedom is about
 For questions 12-14 refer to the photo below:

Ruins on Carey Street, Richmond Virginia, April 1865

12. The impact of battles on the South affected the outcome of the Civil War in which of the following ways?
a. Not only was the Confederate Army defeated, but the infrastructure of the South was also
destroyed, leading to an unconditional surrender
b. Despite the destruction of major cities, the surrender of the Confederacy surprised much of the
Southern population
c. Even with the destruction of the South, the Confederate’s advantage in the amount of resources
caused the war to last longer than anticipated
d. The above reflects an uncommon occurrence as the Civil War had little impact on the South’s
infrastructure, allowing for a speedy post-war recovery

13. Which of the following was the most significant contributor to Union victory over the confederacy?
a. The capture of the Confederate capital Richmond, Virginia
b. The ability to maintain an effective sea blockade on the South
c. The mobilization of free African-American soldiers throughout the duration of the war
d. The superiority of Union military leadership

14. All of the following are social consequences of the Civil War EXCEPT:
a. Introduction of the first federal income tax to fund the Union military effort
b. Confederate “Twenty Negro Law” exempting 1 white male from military service for every 20
slaves owned
c. Suspension of Habeas Corpus in the North to safeguard against espionage
d. Abolition of slavery through the 1863 Emancipation Proclamation by President Lincoln
 For Questions 15-17 refer to the excerpt below:

“The Crime Against Kansas: The Apologies for the Crime; The True Remedy Delivered to the United States
Senate,” 19-20 May 1856 by Hon. Charles Sumner

Such is the Crime which you are to judge. The criminal also must be dragged into the day, that you may see and
measure the power by which all this wrong is sustained. From no common source could it proceed. In its
preparation was needed a spirit of vaulting ambition which would hesitate at nothing; a hardihood of purpose
insensible to the judgment of mankind; a madness of Slavery, in spite of Constitution, laws, and all great examples
of our history; also consciousness of power such as comes from the habit of power; a combination of energies found
only in a hundred arms directed by a hundred eyes; a control of Public Opinion through venal pens and a prostituted
press; an ability to subsidize crowds in every vocation of life—the politician with his local importance, the lawyer
with his subtle tongue, and even the authority of the judge on the bench—with familiar use of men in places high
and low, so that none, from the President to the lowest border postmaster, should decline to be its tool; and they
were found in the Slave Power of our Republic.
15. What prompted this speech by Senator Charles Sumner to Congress in 1856?
a. John Brown’s Osawatomie massacre of pro-slavery supporters in Kansas
b. The admission of Kansas as a free state
c. The Kansas-Nebraska Act, authored by Stephen A. Douglas
d. The ratification of the Lecompton Constitution securing slavery in Kansas

16. Sumner’s incendiary words and condemnations were directed to

a. The president
b. The people of Kansas
c. Southern slave expansionists
d. Free-soil Party members

17. Because of his speech in Congress, Sumner contributed to the “Bleeding Kansas” episode as he was
a. dismissed from his Congressional seat for disrespecting President Buchanan and southern
Senators
b. administered a dose of the southern honor code when he was caned by Representative Preston
Brooks
c. successful in repealing the Kansas-Nebraska Act and ending popular sovereignty as a slavery
issue solution
d. appointed Secretary of Interior and arrested corrupt Missouri Ruffians triggering a border war
with Kansas

Short Answer Questions

1. For this question, address all three parts:

A. Briefly explain ONE Supreme Court case during the Marshall court that asserted the supremacy
of federal power over state laws.
B. Briefly explain ONE OTHER Supreme Court case during the Marshall court that asserted the
supremacy of federal power over state laws.
C. Briefly explain an effect or challenge in enforcement of ONE of the cases you explained above
during the period 1800-1848.
2. The great and leading principle is, that the General Government emanated from the people of the several
States, forming distinct political communities, and acting in their separate and sovereign capacity, and not
from all of the people forming one aggregate political community; that the Constitution of the United
States is, in fact, a compact, to which each State is a party, in the character already described; and that
the several States, or parties, have a right to judge of its infractions; and in case of a deliberate, palpable,
and dangerous exercise of power not delegated, they have the right, in the last resort, to use the language
of the Virginia Resolutions, “to interpose for arresting the progress of the evil, and for maintaining, within
their respective limits, the authorities, rights, and liberties appertaining to them.” This right of
interposition, thus solemnly asserted by the State of Virginia, be it called what it may — State-right, veto,
nullification, or by any other name — I conceive to be the fundamental principle of our system, resting on
facts historically as certain as our revolution itself, and deductions as simple and demonstrative as that of
any political, or moral truth whatever; and I firmly believe that on its recognition depend the stability and
safety of our political institutions.
--John C. Calhoun, Fort Hill Address, July 26, 1831

Our Constitution does not contain the absurdity of giving power to make laws and another power to resist
them. The sages whose memory will always be reverenced have given us a practical and, as they hoped, a
permanent constitutional compact. The father of this country did not affix his revered name to so
palpable an absurdity. Nor did the states, when they severally ratified it, do so under the impression that
a veto on the laws of the United States was reserved to them or that they could exercise it by implication.
Search the debates in all their conventions, examine the speeches of the most zealous opposers of federal
authority, look at the amendments that were proposed. They are all silent — not a syllable uttered, not a
vote given, not a motion made to correct the explicit supremacy given to the laws of the Union over those
of the states, or to show that implication, as is now contended, could defeat it.

--President Andrew Jackson, Proclamation Regarding Nullification, December 10, 1832

A. Briefly explain how a modern neo-conservative historian might interpret Calhoun’s message.
B. Briefly explain how a modern new-left historian might interpret President Jackson’s message.
C. Briefly explain ONE example of a modern issue that deals with the same conflict Calhoun and
Jackson addressed.