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Human Trafficking

Students Name
Institutional Affiliation
Professor’s Name
Date
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I. Introduction/Thesis Statement
A. Brief overview of the problem of human trafficking
i. Human Trafficking is a global problem that involves the illegal trade of human
beings for exploitation, such as forced labor or sexual slavery. It is considered one
of the most heinous crimes as it violates human rights and dignity.
ii. Human Trafficking mainly affects vulnerable populations such as women,
children, and migrants. They are lured or coerced into trafficking through false
promises of employment, marriage, or a better life.
iii. Traffickers use various tactics to control their victims, including physical
violence, threats, deception, and manipulation.
iv. Governments, NGOs, and international organizations are working to combat
human trafficking through prevention, protection, and prosecution efforts.
However, human trafficking remains a persistent problem, and more needs to be
done to address its root causes and protect victims' rights.
B. Thesis statement that outlines the scope of the paper and its main arguments
 Human Trafficking is a serious global issue. To effectively address this problem, we
need to understand its causes and effects and put policies in place to protect
vulnerable individuals and combat the exploitation of human beings.
Sources:
DiRienzo, C. E. (2022). Human trafficking: what the new IOM dataset reveals. Journal of human

trafficking, 8(3), 294-308. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2020.1808383

Songs, P., & Joseph, J. (2020). Domestic minor sex trafficking in the United States: A victim-
centered approach. An International Perspective on Contemporary Developments in
Victimology: A Festschrift in Honor of Marc Groenhuijsen, 137-149.
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-41622-5_10

II. Background
A. Definition of Human Trafficking
i. Human Trafficking is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, or
receipt of persons using coercion, abduction, fraud, deception, or abuse of power
for exploitation.
B. Prevalence of human Trafficking globally and in different regions
a. Human trafficking is a worldwide issue that touches every region.
b. The prevalence of human trafficking varies by region.
c. The International Labor Organization (ILO) puts the number of victims of
human trafficking in the Asia-Pacific area at 24.9%. With 9.2 million
individuals, Africa has the second-highest number of casualties.
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d. Human trafficking affected an estimated 2.2 million persons in Europe in

2016. Both human trafficking for sexual exploitation and forced labor fall
under this category.
e. Most victims in this region are trafficked for forced labor, with a significant
number also trafficked for sexual exploitation.
f. The precise number of victims of human trafficking is unknown, but this does
not diminish the extent of the global issue.
g. Combating this problem requires addressing its core causes, bolstering law
enforcement operations, and protecting and supporting victims.
C. Forms of human trafficking
a. Sex trafficking
b. forced labor
c. organ trafficking
Sources:
Barrick, K., & Pfeffer, R. (2021). Advances in measurement: a scoping review of prior human
trafficking prevalence studies and recommendations for future research. Journal of
Human Trafficking, 1-19.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23322705.2021.1984721
Cockbain, E., & Bowers, K. (2019). Human trafficking for sex, labour and domestic servitude:
how do key trafficking types compare and what are their predictors?. Crime, Law and
Social Change, 72, 9-34. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10611-019-09836-7
Fang, S., Nguyen, P., Coverdale, J., & Gordon, M. (2021). What are the human trafficking
policies of professional medical organizations?. Journal of Human Trafficking, 7(2), 137-
144. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/23322705.2019.1698895
TRAFFICKING, A. H. (2019). What is Human Trafficking?.
Williamson, S. H. (2017). Globalization as a racial project: Implications for human trafficking.
Journal of International Women's Studies, 18(2), 74-88.

III. Analysis
A. Causes of Human Trafficking
i. Poverty
ii. Political instability
iii. Gender inequality
iv. The demand for cheap labor/sex
v. Cultural factors
vi. A lack of safe migration options
vii. Deception and intimidation
viii. Lack of education
B. The Role of Demand for Trafficking
a. provision of sexual services
b.  demand for cheap goods and services that rely on exploitive labor practices
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c. Demand for cheap labor in industries such as agriculture, construction, and

hospitality
C. The effectiveness of current laws and policies in combating human trafficking
a) Legal framework
b) Enforcement
c) Victim protection and support
D. The impact of technology on Human Trafficking
a. Human traffickers may more easily locate and recruit victims thanks to the
internet and social media.
b. Traffickers advertise and sell victims on various internet sites.
c. On the other hand, technology may be utilized to help stop and punish
trafficking. Organizations that aid victims of trafficking may use social
media to promote awareness and provide resources, while law
enforcement authorities can utilize digital technologies to investigate and
monitor trafficking activities.
d. The dark web, a region of the internet that is not accessible via standard
search engines but can be accessed with the right kind of software, has
also been utilized for trafficking.
Sources:
Bryant, K., & Landman, T. (2020). Combatting human trafficking since Palermo: What do we
know about what works?. Journal of human trafficking, 6(2), 119-140.
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23322705.2020.1690097
Dewi, I. M. P. A. (2020). Persefektif In Human Trafficking Crime Law Number 39 Of 1999 On
Human Rights Case Against Child Trafficking In Medan. Ganesha Civic Education
Journal, 2(2), 46-51.
Green, J. (2021). Closing the accountability gap in corporate supply chains for violations of the
Trafficking Victims Protection Act. Business and Human Rights Journal, 6(3), 449-489.
Jones, T. (2023). Perceptions of the benefits and barriers to anti-human trafficking interagency
collaboration: An exploratory factor analysis study. Societies, 13(2), 38.
https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4698/13/2/38
Lyneham, S., Dowling, C., & Bricknell, S. (2019). Estimating the dark figure of human
trafficking and slavery victimisation in Australia. Canberra: Australian Institute of
Criminology.

IV. Recommendations
A. Strengthening law enforcement efforts to prevent and combat human trafficking
B. Addressing the root causes of human trafficking through economic and social policies
C. Providing support and protection to victims of human trafficking
D. Engaging in international cooperation to combat human trafficking
Sources:
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Donahue, S., Schwien, M., & LaVallee, D. (2019). Educating emergency department staff on the
identification and treatment of human trafficking victims. Journal of emergency nursing,
45(1), 16-23.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0099176717306736
Tezcan, B., & Maass, K. L. (2023). Human trafficking interdiction with decision dependent
success. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 101521.

V. Social Implications
A. Positive implications of combatting human trafficking
a. Improved protection of human rights
b. Increased safety and security
c. Economic benefits
d. Improved health outcomes
e. Strengthened international cooperation
B. Negative implications of combatting human trafficking.
i. displacement of informal economies
ii. unintended consequences of policies
iii. Re-victimization, Stigmatization, and Criminalization
iv. Forced rehabilitation

C. Challenges in addressing social implications of human Trafficking

a) Human trafficking is difficult to combat because a) its victims are generally
out of sight and they may be unaware that they are being trafficked.
b) A deficiency in the means—money, skilled staff, and effective legislation and
policy—needed to fight human trafficking.
c) Transnational nature: Human Trafficking is an international crime, with
traffickers often crossing borders to move victims across countries.
d) Human trafficking is largely motivated by the need for exploitative labor and
services
Sources:
Farrell, A., Dank, M., de Vries, I., Kafafian, M., Hughes, A., & Lockwood, S. (2019). Failing
victims? Challenges of the police response to human trafficking. Criminology & Public
Policy, 18(3), 649-673.
Goździak, E. M., & Vogel, K. M. (2020). Palermo at 20: A retrospective and prospective.
Journal of Human Trafficking, 6(2), 109-118.
Lockyer, S. (2022). Beyond inclusion: Survivor-leader voice in anti-human trafficking
organizations. Journal of human trafficking, 8(2), 135-156.
https://doi.org/10.1080/23322705.2020.1756122
Richards, T. A. (2014). Health implications of human trafficking. Nursing for women's
health,18(2), 155-162.
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VI. Conclusion
A. Restate thesis statement and main arguments
o The given argument emphasizes that human trafficking is a significant global
problem that requires urgent attention. The central thesis statement is that to
tackle this issue effectively, and it is crucial to understand the causes and
consequences of human trafficking. The argument further suggests that to
combat human trafficking, policies must be put in place to protect vulnerable
individuals who are at risk of exploitation.
B. Provide a summary of the key findings of the paper.
o In summary, the argument emphasizes the importance of comprehending the
complex nature of human trafficking to develop effective measures that
prevent and address the exploitation of human beings. By creating policies
that safeguard individuals and punish perpetrators, we can make significant
progress toward eradicating this heinous crime from our society.