THE KISUMU NATIONAL POLYTECHNIC

DEPARTMENT OF HOSPITALITY
DIPLOMA IN CATERING AND ACOMODATION /FOOD AND
BEVERAGE END TERM EXAMS
MODULE II
SECTION A ( 40 marks)
Answer ALL questions in this section
1. State four factors that influence the dietary requirements of an individual (4 marks)
2. Explain two roles of each of the following (6 marks)
i. Trypsin
ii. Lipase
iii. Pancreatic amylase
3. Highlight five causes of anemia (5 marks)

4. Highlight six objectives if diet therapy (6 marks)

5. Explain the role of the liver in metabolism (8 marks)
6. Identify factors that influence the functioning of the G I (5 marks)
7. Differentiate between the following (6 marks)
i. Oropharyngeal dysphagia and esophageal dysphagia
ii. Diverticulosis and Diverticulitis
iii. Colostomy and Ileostomy

SECTION B (60 MARKS)

Answer any THREE questions from this section

8. (a) Explain the meaning of the term diabetes mellitus (2 marks)

(b).Describe four types of diabetes mellitus (8 marks)
(c) Outline medical conditions or treatments that may require tube feeding
(10 marks)
9. Sharyn Bartell is a 24-year-old student who suffered multiple fractures when she fell from a
cliff while hiking. She has been in the hospital for 2 weeks and has no appetite. Due to her
injuries, she is in Traction and is immobile, although the head of her bed can be elevated 45
degrees. Sharyn weighed 140 pounds upon her arrival in the hospital, but she has lost 8 pounds
over the course of her hospitalization. The health care team agrees that nasoduodenal tube
feeding should be instituted before her nutrition status deteriorates further. A standard formula is
selected for the feeding, and Sharyn’s nutrient requirements can be met with 2200 milliliters of
the formula per day.
(a) What steps can be taken to prepare Sharyn for tube feeding? Determine an appropriate tube
feeding schedule. ( 4 marks)
(b) What are some general reasons why nasoduodenal placement of the feeding tube might be
preferred over nasogastric placement? (4 marks)
( c) The physician’s orders specify that the feeding should be given continuously over 18 hours.
using the tube feeding schedule. (4 marks)
(d) Describe precautions that should be taken if Sharyn is to receive medications through the
feeding tube. (4 marks)
( e) After 3 days of feeding, Sharyn develops diarrhea. Determine the possible causes. What
measures can be taken to correct the diarrhea (4 marks)

10. Three years ago, George Judd, a 37-yearold financial planner, sought medical help when he
began feeling run-down and developed a painful white fungal infection over his mouth and
tongue. The presence of thrush, recent weight loss, and anemia alerted Mr. Judd’s physician to
the possibility of an HIV infection. When Mr. Judd tested positive for HIV, he and his family
and friends were devastated by the news, but those close to him have remained supportive.
During the 3 years since Mr. Judd began antiretroviral drug therapy, he has maintained his
weight but has also developed lipodystrophy and hypertriglyceridemia. Mr. Judd is 6 feet tall and
currently weighs 185 pounds. He occasionally develops diarrhea and sometimes anorexia.
(a) Describe lipodystrophy, and discuss its typical pattern in people who have an HIV infection.
(5
marks)
(b) Describe an appropriate diet for Mr. Judd. What strategies may improve his problems with
diarrhea and anorexia? Suggest reasons why diarrhea and anorexia may develop in people with
HIV infections.
(8 marks)
( c) Explain why an HIV infection can lead to wasting as the disease progresses to the later
stages. What recommendations may be helpful for maintaining weight and health if wasting
becomes a problem?
(7 marks)
11. Draw a diagram of the digestive system, highlighting the main organs that make up the
digestive system in order of their functions, (20 marks)