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RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE 1

Semester II – Week 8
Analyzing and Drawing-out
Patterns and Themes with
Intellectual Honesty

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY

NAME:__________________________________________
GRADE/SECTION:______________________________
Research in Daily Life 1 – Grade 11
Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS)
Semester II - Week 8: Analyzing and Drawing-out Patterns and Themes with
Intellectual Honesty
First Edition, 2020

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 Lesson 1
Analyzing and Drawing-out Patterns and
Themes with Intellectual Honesty
MELC: Infers and explains patterns and themes from data. (CS_RS11-IVd-f-2)
Relates the findings with pertinent literature. (CS_RS11-IVd-f-3)
Objectives: 1. Describe patterns and themes in qualitative data analysis.
2. Make patterns and themes from the gathered data.
3. Discuss the findings in relation to the relevant literature.

Let’s Try
Directions: Read each question carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on the line
provided before the number.

____ 1. Which of the following is NOT to be considered in preparing a research report?

A. List the major themes logically.
B. Discuss the different categories under each theme.
C. Cite some direct quotes from your data to support your discussion.
D. Make sure your discussion is aligned with your interview questions.

____ 2. Which of the following should be incorporated in the discussion of the research
findings to make it substantial and more credible?
A. Evidence C. Relevant literature
B. Quotes D. Themes

____ 3. If the research topic is about the leading marketing strategies in the year 2021,
which of the following literature is NOT relevant?
A. About digital marketing
B. About online selling
C. About putting up a business in 2021
D. About the elements of marketing strategies in 2021

____ 4. In the context of research, which of the following gives sense to the data gathered?
A. Data analysis C. Data testing
B. Data reporting D. Discussion of the findings

____ 5. In qualitative data analysis, which of the following is being analyzed?

A. Numbers C. Patterns and numbers
B. Patterns D. Patterns and themes

____ 6. Which of the following shows the correct sequence of chunking transcribed data?
A. Category, code, pattern C. Pattern, category, code
B. Code, category, pattern D. Pattern, code, category

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____ 7. What code can be associated with the response: “I do work on my modules, however,
I can easily put them aside whenever my sister turns on the television.”?
A. Answering modules in front of television C. Eager to finish the modules
B. Bonding with sister D. Easily distracted

____ 8. What process designates meaning to different chunks of relevant data gathered.
A. Coding C. Qualitative analysis
B. Data analysis D. Thematic analysis

____ 9. In which research instrument can a researcher gather verbal data?

A. Documents B. Interview C. Observation D. Survey

____ 10. To easily analyze verbal data, what should a researcher do first?
A. Code the data C. Transcribe the data
B. Look for the pattern D. Transfer the data

Let’s Explore and Discover

Unlocking of Data analysis is the process of making sense of the gathered

Difficulties data based on the research problem. Qualitative data analysis
involves identifying, examining, and interpreting patterns and
• Intellectual
Honesty means themes in the collected data. These patterns and themes will
being true in facilitate the crafting of the conclusions of the study.
gathering, analyzing
There are several data analysis methods that can be used in
and interpreting
ideas and in other qualitative researches. However, for a beginner, like you, let’s just
aspects of discuss here the most commonly used method, which is the
conducting a thematic analysis. Thematic analysis focuses on identifying and
research analyzing common themes (ideas or patterns of meaning that
come up from the closely examined data) to create the whole
picture of the data.
Here’s how thematic analysis is done:

✓ Transcribe the verbal data and read through all the transcript (transcribed data) to
find meaningful information

To transcribe verbal data is to translate it to text form. A ten-minute interview

may have ten or more pages of transcript.

✓ Code your data and identify similar codes (categories)

Codes are words or phrases assigned to a segment or portion of transcribed data,

representing one meaning. Coding is the process of designating meaning to different
chunks of relevant data gathered. Then similar codes are classified into broader
concepts. A category may be defined as a concept that summarizes a set of related
codes.

✓ Establish collections of similar codes/categories (themes)

At this point, the categories are classified into themes, the biggest concepts or
ideas of your data. Themes may be words or phrases.

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 ✓ Review the themes

Review if all the concepts/ideas are classified accordingly. Data can be rearranged
if necessary.

✓ Define and name the themes

In this part, the essence of each theme or sub-theme is revealed thus, showing
how they relate to the general essence of the data.

✓ Write your report

(Sources: Nelia G. Prieto, Victoria C. Naval, and Teresita G. Carey, Practical

Research 1. Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc., 2017, 158)

Consider the following in preparing your report:

• Present your report in concise, coherent and logical manner.

• Begin with the demographic information of your participants. (Note: Only those
that are relevant to your study).
• State the type of data analysis you employed and the reason behind.
• Presenting your results by themes is a more practical for new qualitative
researchers.
o List the major themes logically.
o Discuss the different categories under each theme.
o Cite some direct quotes from your data to back up your discussions.
o Make sure your discussion/interpretation is aligned with your research
questions.
o Support your discussion with relevant literature.
• Keep your audience in mind as you write your final report.
• Make your report convincing and with clear evidence.

Remember: Planning well and being well organized have significant role in analyzing
qualitative research data effectively and efficiently.

(Source: Safary Wa-Mbaleka and Ranjith Kingston Gladstone. Qualitative Research for Senior High
School. Cavite: Oikos Biblios Publishing House, 2018, 99-104)

Coding Example
Transcribed Data/Text Codes
As a parent, I am expected to guide my children in Working parents
answering their modules. How can I do that when I
need to work. My husband also needs to work. We
need to work to support the needs of the family.
There’s no one to help my children do their modules Absence of capable individual
when we’re at work.
We don’t even have android phone or extra budget for No gadget/internet load
internet load.
Isn’t it the teachers’ job to help my child learn? Teacher’s role
Can’t the government just postpone education while Suggesting alternative option
pandemic is still here?
What if I don’t know the topic in the module. Hesitation as to the capability to teach
children
I didn’t even finish high school. Low educational attainment

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 Codes Categories Themes
Working parents Apprehensions in the New
Absence of capable individual Worries Normal Education
No gadget/ internet load
Hesitation as to the capability
to teach children
Low educational attainment
Teacher’s role Resistance Opposition to the New Normal
Suggesting alternative option Education

Relating Research Findings to Relevant Literature

One of the indispensable elements in the conduct of research is relating the findings
to relevant literature and studies to discuss them in the context of the existing knowledge.
The discussion of your findings should not only deal with the summary of the results
you have found out but it should also be well-organized and broad in scope as you connect
the findings to relevant literature and studies. By doing so, it gives the researcher the
chance to:
• Discuss how the findings of the study reinforced related studies.
• Study carefully how the research study reflects or differ from existing knowledge.
• Discuss the contribution of the findings to the body of existing literature and
knowledge.
• Explain or justify the need for the type of research undertaken by the researcher.

Here are some samples that you can use in incorporating relevant literature to your
discussion:
• There are several research literature which revealed that _______________________.
• Angeles (2019) who conducted a similar study found that ______________________.
• Many researchers agree that __________________________________________________.
• Similar studies have shown that ______________________________________________.
• The findings of this study supports the idea of _____________ when he/she found out
that _______________________.

Remember: Relating your research findings to relevant literature and studies will make your
work more credible and convincing.

Sources: Nelia G. Prieto, Victoria C. Naval, and Teresita G. Carey, Practical

Research 1. Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc., 2017, 159-161)

Developing Conceptual Framework for Qualitative Research

Conceptual Framework is where relevant variables of any research study are mapped
out how on they might relate to each other. Here is the step-by-step guide on how to write
the conceptual framework in order for you to have an outlook of the study:
1. Identify the key variables used in the subject area of the study.
2. Draw out key variables within something you have already written about the subject
area i.e. literature review.
3. Continual to the aim, segregate them as dependent and independent variables.
4. Take one key variable and then brainstorm all the possible things related to the key
variable(Dependent variable).
5. After all the variables have been defined, focus on the number of relationships they
can form with each other to determine the inter-relationships between all.
6. The arrows used to identify the relationship between variables must be applied in
the direction as to what impacts the other.
Note: Always keep in mind that the formation of conceptual framework directs the
researcher to apply a suitable test for analysis.
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 In a Qualitative research, like the Grounded Theory Research, the Conceptual
Framework is useful in mapping out the process and relationships of the data results of a
study to develop a theoretical model. As described by Glaser (2010), Grounded Theory
studies a concept and not a descriptive study of a descriptive problem.

The basic idea of the grounded theory approach is to read a textual database and
"discover" or label variables (called categories, concepts, and properties) and their
interrelationships. The data do not have to be literally textual -- they could be observations
of behavior, such as interactions and events in a restaurant. Often, they are in the form of
field notes, which are like diary entries. To get this, you may use the data collection methods
such as interviews, observations, documents, historical records and video recordings.

Whichever is used it will take time and a number of iterations and the focus is both
on the content and the inter-relationships. How does it look? It can take the form of
Flowcharts, Tree Diagram or other ways such as equation or a diagram or simple description
of how the variables are related:

Conceptual Framework as Equation

ß1 ß2 ß3 ß4 Diarrhea
(Age) (Sex) (Toilet) (Water)

Figure 4. Equation for Factors leading Diarrhea

Conceptual framework as Overlapping Domains

Figure 5. Overlapping Domains for Hair loss

Conceptual framework as Sequential diagram

Food
Socio-economic Consumption
Status
(24 hour recall)

Lifestyle
Dietrary Habits Diseases
Knowledge and
and practices Obesity
Awareness -Hypertension
(FFQ)
-Diabetes

Attitudes Physical Activity

Figure 6. Sequential Diagram for Lifestyle Diseases

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Conceptual framework as Ecological Model

• Norms granting men control over

female behavior
• Acceptance of violence as a way
to resolve conflict
• Notion of masculinity linked to
Society dominance, honor, or aggression
• Rigid Gender Roles

Community • Poverty, Low Socio-economic

status, Unemployment
• Association with delinquent peers
• Isolation of women and family
Relationship
• Marital Conflict
• Male control of wealth and
decision-making in family

• Being Male
Individual • Witnessing Marital Violence as a
Perpetrator
child
• Absent or rejecting father
• Alcohol use

Figure 7. Ecological Model for Violence Against Women

Always remember, development of conceptual framework is an iterative process,

develop once and keep revising as you move on.

(Source: Achyut Raj Pandey, Conceptual framework, Research Associate at Nepal Health Research
Council. Accessed May 5, 2021, https://www.slideshare.net/achyutrajpandey/conceptual-
framework-78233740, 2017)

Intellectual Honesty in Research

Intellectual Honesty is an applied method of problem solving, characterized by an unbiased,

honest attitude, which can be demonstrated in a number of different ways including:

• Ensuring support for chosen ideologies does not interfere with the pursuit of truth;
• Relevant facts and information are not purposefully omitted even when such things
may contradict one's hypothesis;
• Facts are presented in an unbiased manner, and not twisted to give misleading
impressions or to support one view over another;
• References, or earlier work, are acknowledged where possible, and plagiarism is
avoided.

(Source: “Intellectual Honesty”, Freebase. Accessed May 5, 2021,

https://www.definitions.net/definition/intellectual+honesty, 2020)

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 Let’s Practice

Part I. Directions: Identify what is described in each item below. Write your answers in the
corresponding boxes.

1. It is a data analysis that involves identifying, examining, and interpreting patterns and
themes in the collected data.
2. It is one of the commonly used methods in qualitative research to analyze data.
3. These are the biggest concepts or ideas of your data
4. It is the process of designating meaning to different chunks or relevant data gathered.
5. It is the written version of the verbal data gathered (from the interview with the research
participant)

Part II. Directions: Intersect the indicated column (letter) and row (number) in the
worksheet below to decode the hidden words. Be guided by the given hint.

A B C D E F G HINT: What are two words that will describe your

1 A E B V C I L research paper if you discuss your findings in
2 C D E F G D H relation to related literature?
3 I R O J N K L
6. A2+C3+B5+D1+F6+E3+G5+C7+B5+D7
4 P Q O E N I M ______________________________________
5 R N S T U V C
6 W X Y Z N I M 7. A7+B3+B1+F2+F1+G7+G1+D4
7 C T I G S F B ______________________________

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 Directions: Analyze the sample transcript (from an interview) stated below. Options are
provided for you to complete the table.

Transcribed Data/Text Code Category Theme

I wish I could continue my Senior High
School education but I can’t.

I need to work for my family because my

father suffered from stroke last year and is
no longer fit to work.

I work from 5pm to 9am everyday.

If only I had a job that will allow me to attend

school at the same time.

CHOICES:
Need to stop schooling Unfavorable schedule of work Poverty
Unexpected situation Unfortunate work circumstances
Long working hours Need to work to support family

How will you ensure substantial discussion of your research findings?

_________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________

Let’s Do More

Directions: Consider the given research topic and sample interview questions below.
Interview at least two respondents and be able analyze their responses. Follow the format
used in Activity 2 (Let’s Practice). You may use separate paper.

Research Topic: Attitudes of Senior High Students Regarding Modular Learning Modality
Sample Interview Questions:
1. How do you feel about the modular approach of learning this school year?
2. Why do you think you feel that way?

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Directions: Using your research study’s interview questions and results, analyze the data
responses. Follow the format used in Activity 2 (Let’s Practice). Then, come up with a
conceptual framework based on the identified variables from the codes, categories and
concepts from literature reviews. You may use separate paper.

Transcribed Data/Text Code Category Theme

Conceptual Framework:

How are data gathered from interviews analyzed?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

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 Let’s Sum It Up
Directions: Complete the paragaraph below by filling in the missing terms. Choose your
answers from the box.

Qualitative data analysis involves identifying,

examining, and interpreting ___________ and ___________ in CHOICES:
the collected data. These patterns and themes will facilitate thematic analysis
the crafting of the __________________ of the study. The most themes
commonly used method in qualitative data analysis is the
literature
________________________.
conclusions
Relating the findings to relevant _________________ and patterns
studies makes the research discussion to be in the context of
the existing knowledge.

Let’s Assess
Directions: Read and answer carefully the following questions. Write the letter of your
answer on the line before the number.
____ 1. In the context of research, which of the following gives sense to the data gathered?
A. Data analysis C. Data testing
B. Data reporting D. Discussion of the findings
____ 2. In qualitative data analysis, which of the following is being analyzed?
A. Numbers C. Patterns and numbers
B. Patterns D. Patterns and themes
____ 3. What process designates meaning to different chunks of relevant data gathered.
A. Coding C. Qualitative analysis
B. Data analysis D. Thematic analysis
____ 4. In which research instrument can a researcher gather verbal data?
A. Documents B. Interview C. Observation D. Survey
____ 5. Which of the following shows the correct sequence of chunking transcribed data?
A. Category, code, pattern C. Pattern, category, code
B. Code, category, pattern D. Pattern, code, category
____ 6. What code can be associated with the response: “I do work on my modules, however,
I can easily put them aside whenever my sister turns on the television.”?
A. Answering modules in front of television C. Eager to finish the modules
B. Bonding with sister D. Easily distracted
____ 7. To easily analyze verbal data, what should a researcher do first?
A. Code the data C. Transcribe the data
B. Look for the pattern D. Transfer the data

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____ 8. Which of the following is NOT to be considered in preparing a research report?
A. List the major themes logically.
B. Discuss the different categories under each theme.
C. Cite some direct quotes from your data to support your discussion.
D. Make sure your discussion is aligned with your interview questions.
____ 9. Which of the following should be incorporated in the discussion of the research
findings to make it substantial and more credible?
A. Evidence C. Relevant literature
B. Quotes D. Themes
____ 10. If the research topic is about the leading marketing strategies in the year 2021,
which of the following literature is NOT relevant?
A. About digital marketing
B. About online selling
C. About putting up a business in 2021
D. About the elements of marketing strategies in 2021

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 Answer Key
Lets’ Practice Let’s Do More

1. QUALITATIVE
2. THEMATIC
3. THEMES
4. CODING Answers may
5. TRANSCRIPT vary
6. CONVINCING
7. CREDIBLE

Let’s Do More Let’s Sum It Up Let’s Try Let’s Assess

1. D 6. B 1. A 6. D
Answers may 1. patterns
2. C 7. D 2. D 7. C
2. themes
vary depending 3. C 8. A 3. A 8. D
3. conclusions
on research 4. A 9. B 4. B 9. C
4. thematic analysis
topic 5. literature 5. D 10. C 5. B 10. C

References
Books
Prieto, Nelia G., Naval, Victoria C., and Carey, Teresita G. Practical Research 1. Quezon City:
Lorimar Publishing, Inc., 2017.
Wa-Mbaleka, Safary and Gladstone, Ranjith Kingston. Qualitative Research for Senior High
School. Cavite: Oikos Biblios Publishing House, 2018.

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