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RESEARCH IN DAILY LIFE 1

Semester II – Week 6
Qualitative Research Designs,
Sample, and Data Collection and
Analysis Procedures

CONTEXTUALIZED LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PUERTO PRINCESA CITY

NAME:__________________________________________
GRADE/SECTION:______________________________
Research in Daily Life 1 – Grade 11
Contextualized Learning Activity Sheets (CLAS)
Semester II - Week 6: Qualitative Research Designs, Sample, and Data
Collection and Analysis Procedures
First Edition, 2020

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 Lesson 1
Qualitative Research Designs, Sample
and Data Collection and Analysis
Procedures
MELC: The learner:
Chooses appropriate qualitative research design (CS_RS11-IVa-c-1)
Describes sampling procedure and sample (CS_RS11-IVa-c-2)
Plans data collection, data gathering instrument, and analysis procedures
(CS_RS11-IVa-c-3)
Presents written research methodology (CS_RS11-IVa-c-4)
Objectives: 1. Discuss the different qualitative research designs
2. Describe qualitative sampling procedure
3. Explain data collection, data gathering instrument, and analysis procedures
in qualitative research
4. Prepare a written research methodology

Let’s Try
Directions: Read and answer carefully the following questions. Write the letter of your
answer on the line before the number.

____ 1. What data collection method is applicable if the researcher wanted to explore the
behavior of young children?
A. Interview C. Use of questionnaire
B. Observation D. Written document

____ 2. Which of the following refers to the process through which the intended research
participants are carefully chosen?
A. Data collection C. Sampling
B. Sample D. Themes

____ 3. Which of the following is the commonly used method of data analysis?
A. Coding C. Sample
B. Data saturation D. Thematic analysis

____ 4. Which of the following pertains to a set of research data collection, analysis and
interpretation methods to be carried out for the conduct of a research study?
A. Data analysis method C. Research design
B. Data collection method D. Sampling strategy

____ 5. Which of the following is exemplified by the statement: The research study will be
interviewing senior high students who joined and won contests held last school year.
A. Data analysis method C. Research design
B. Sampling strategy D. Theme

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Logically arrange the steps of Thematic Analysis listed below. Use numbers 1-5. Write your
answer on the line before the number.

____ 6. Establish collections of similar codes

____ 7. Prepare a concise, logical and coherent report
____ 8. Transcribe the verbal data and read through all the transcript
____ 9. Define and name the themes
____ 10. Code your data and identify similar codes

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 Let’s Explore and Discover

Unlocking of In your previous CLAS, you were guided to set the

Difficulties purpose and establish the literature gap of your chosen study.
• Research Methodology Now, it’s time for you to decide on what research design you
is a part of the are going to employ to keep your study in progress. A research
research process design is a set of research data collection, analysis and
wherein research interpretation methods for the conduct of a research study.
design, sample and There are several research designs to consider if you are doing
sampling procedure, a qualitative study. However, let’s just include in our
and plans for data discussion here those that suit a beginning qualitative
collection and analysis researcher like you. Choose one that fit the main purpose of
are described. your study.

Qualitative Description Sample Topic

Research Design
Case Study It is used if the researcher needs to Factors why many
understand one or few institutions, students are obviously
processes, individuals, or phenomena in not reading or
depth. completing the
contextualized self-
learning modules given
to them
Phenomenology It is used to describe the tough lived-in The experience of a
or experiences of people. senior high student who
Phenomenological is a first-time father and
Study needs to work to support
his family
Historical It is used to investigate on people, places Establishment and
Research and events in the past. development of a certain
barangay

Ethnography It is used to describe the culture or the The culture of Tau’t Bato
way of living of a group of people in a tribe in Rizal, Palawan
natural setting, community, organization
or even a nation. Ethnography usually
takes time. But for a student like you,
you may opt to use mini-ethnography, a
small ethnographic study.
Content Analysis It is used to explore and analyze the Analysing video
content of a document, article, speech, materials that carry
video, picture, and others to understand footages of the recent
a certain problem typhoons that hit
Philippines

Once you have decided the appropriate research design for the study you’re working on,
it’s time to identify and select your research sample. A sample is a part of the entire
population of research participants. Usually, a sample is considered rather than using all
that fit the selection criteria to save resources without compromising the reliability and
validity of the results. Sampling is the process of selecting a sample needed for your
research study. The following are the sampling strategies or techniques that are commonly
used in a qualitative research.
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 Sampling Description Example
Strategy
Purposive It considers samples that If you want study what drawn people to the
sampling suit the selection criteria. use of Tiktok, then your target participants
This is commonly used in should be the “Tiktokers”
qualitative research.
Snowball It selects one or more If you want to interview students who are
sampling participants and asked smokers, then you can ask someone you know
them to identify other who is a smoker (whom you have already
participants who fit the interviewed) to give you names of possible
selection criteria. participants that you can interview as well.
Multiple It uses varied samples to If you want to conduct a study on why
variation get multiple perspectives students are not actively accomplishing their
sampling on your research topic. self-learning modules, you may interview not
only the students but also their parents or
guardians and their teachers. From these
participants, varied perspectives can be
obtained for a more in-depth exploration of
your study.
Convenience It selects samples that You need to interview Grade 12 STEM
sampling are easily accessible to students, you decided to interview those that
the researcher. you personally know and those that are
available and willing during your time of data
collection.
Remember: In qualitative research, there is no specific required number of participants
being followed. Experts say that you only stop collecting data when you reach data
saturation, that is, the point that the researcher reaches when data starts being repeated.
Data collection is the process wherein the researcher gather relevant information to
answer the stated research questions and generate relevant solutions. Quantitative data is
generally obtained through the following methods.
Data Collection
Description
Method
It is a conversation between the researcher and the research
Interview
participant with the use of guide questions. It can be done face-to-
face (most applicable), through phone or virtually. The researcher
may use structured interview (using a set of questions prepared by
the researcher and responses are coded immediately); unstructured
interview (using open-ended questions to which the interviewee can
answer freely); or semi-structured (using both the closed and open-
ended questions). Semi-structured interview is the most favored in
a qualitative research since follow-up questions extract more
information from the participant or interviewee.
Focus Group It is when the researcher interviews a manageable group of research
Discussion (FGD) participants in a scheduled meeting. FGD is used when the
researcher wants to gain insight from a group of people talking about
issues relevant to the study.
Observation It plays a significant role in gathering qualitative data since there are
data that a researcher may not be able to gather from other sources,
such as interviews. Observation could be participant observation (the
researcher talks to people informally to to know more about
something being observed) or silent observation (the researcher
observes without talking to anyone in the setting)
Written These are existing documents needed to understand better the event
documents being studied. Ex. letters, manuals, attendance sheets, and others
Pictures, Audios These provide additional information related to your research study.
and Videos Videos actually capture a lot of details about the topic being
explored.
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Remember: In data collection:
✓ Permission to collect data should always be asked first and it is much better in written
form.
✓ Participants should be interviewed voluntarily and willingly and should be informed
of their participation to the study being conducted. Let them sign an Informed
Consent Form prior to the interview.
✓ Validated observation guide or interview guide should be prepared beforehand
✓ Participant’s consent should be sought first before using audio or video recorder.
✓ Observe confidentiality of information and privacy of interview.
✓ Avoid giving judgement to the participant, to the information gathered or to any
observation you obtained. Always bear in mind that you are gathering information
for research purposes and not for any other else.

If you will employ observation or interview methods of collecting data, you should prepare
your research instrument. A research instrument is a tool used to gather relevant
information which will be subjected to certain analysis procedures. This could be
researcher-made or standardized.

Research Instrument Description

Interview Questions These are list of questions that will be asked to the
participants, individually or in group (focus group discussion).
Follow-up questions may be asked if necessary (semi-
structured)
Observation Checklist It contains the observable behavior or criteria that can be
possibly observed among the participants. However, expect
that not all observations are pre-stated in your checklist.

Sample Interview Questions:

(Topic: Adjustments of Senior High Students in Time of Pandemic)

1. What were your experiences as a student in pre-pandemic times (those years without
COVID pandemic)?
2. How are you today with the new normal setting of education?
3. What change in your student life when we are hit by the pandemic?
4. How did you deal with these changes? How did you cope up?
5. What are your realizations from this pandemic experience?

Sample Observation Checklist

(Topic: Behavior of Grade 12-Nickel (section) Students during the Distribution and Retrieval of
Self-Learning Modules)

Date of Observation: ____________________________

Positive Behaviors Student Student Student Student Student

A B C D E
Submits and gets modules on the given
schedule
Submits well accomplished modules
Observes safety and health protocols
Observes proper dress code
Greets teachers (not just the class adviser)
Asks politely
Negative Bahaviors
Does not submit and get modules on given
schedule
Submits unaccomplished modules
Does not observe safety and health protocol
Does not observe proper dress code
Does not greet teachers
Does not ask politely
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 Data will remain meaningless words unless analyzed and interpreted. Data analysis
involves identifying, examining, and interpreting patterns and themes in the gathered
information. These patterns and themes will help you draw the conclusions of your study.
Coding is the process of designating meaning to different chunks of relevant data gathered.
Thematic Analysis is the most commonly used method of qualitative analysis. It focuses on
identifying common themes (ideas or patterns of meaning that come up from the closely
examined data).

Steps in Thematic Analysis

1. Transcribe the verbal data and read through all the transcript (transcribed data) to
find meaningful information
2. Code your data and identify similar codes (categories)
3. Establish collections of similar codes (themes)
4. Review the themes
5. Define and name the themes
6. Prepare a concise, logical and coherent report

Coding Example
Trancribed Data/Text Codes
As a parent, I am expected to guide my children in answering Working parents
their modules. How can I do that when I need to work. My
husband also needs to work. We need to work to support the
needs of the family.
There’s no one to help my children do their modules when Absence of capable individual
we’re at work.
We don’t even have android phone or extra budget for No gadget/internet load
internet load.
What then will the teachers do if we do all the teaching to Comparing with teachers
our children?
Can’t the government just postpone education while Suggesting alternative option
pandemic is still here?
What if I don’t know the topic in the module. Hesitation as to the capability to
teach children
I didn’t even finish high school. Low educational attainment

Codes Categories Themes

Working parents Apprehensions in the New
Absence of capable individual Worries Normal Education
No gadget/ internet load
Hesitation as to the capability
to teach children
Low educational attainment
Comparing with teachers Resistance Opposition to the New Normal
Suggesting alternative option Education

(Sources: 1. Mark N. Abadiano. Research in Daily Life 1: Qualitative Research Method. Quezon City:
Cronica Bookhaus, 2016. pp. 73-96
2. Nelia G. Prieto, Victoria C. Naval, and Teresita G. Carey, Practical Research 1. Quezon
City: Lorimar Publishing, Inc., 2017. pp. 115-131
3. Safary Wa-Mbaleka and Ranjith Kingston Gladstone. Qualitative Research for Senior High
School. Cavite: Oikos Biblios Publishing House, 2018. pp. 25-26, 59-70)

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 Let’s Practice

Directions: Identify the research design applicable to each of the given research topics.
Refer to the following choices. Write only the letter of your choice on the line provided.

A. Case Study C. Ethnography E. Phenomenology

B. Content Analysis D. Historical Research

____ 1. Struggles of parents in the new normal education setting of their children
____ 2. Development of dance and music in Palawan
____ 3. Examining the State of the Nation Address (SONA) of President Oscar Hidalgo
____ 4. Life experiences of a COVID-19 survivor
____ 5. Professional culture of a top-performing school in a certain city.

Directions: Match the items in Column A with their respective descriptions in column B.
Write only the letter of your choice on the line provided.

Column A Column B

____ 1. Purposive sampling
____ 2. Snowball sampling
____ 3. Multiple variation
sampling
____ 4. Convenience sampling
____ 5. Sample
A. It chooses participants that are directly suited to the
selection criteria (ex. online gamers)
B. It is a significant portion of the whole population of
participants
C. It uses varied samples to get several perspectives
about the research topic
D. It selects samples that are easily accessible to the
researcher
E. Through this, the interviewed participant is asked if
he knew other potential participants for the same
study

Why is it important to establish what research design is suitable to the study you
intended to conduct?
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

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 Let’s Do More

Directions: Classify the following as to the given choices below. Write the letter of your
answer on the line provided.

A. Data Analysis Method C. Research Instrument

B. Data Collection Method D. Sampling Strategy

____ 1. Interview questions

____ 2. Thematic Analysis
____ 3. Interview
____ 4. Observation
____ 5. Written documents

Directions: Make a draft of Research Methodology by providing a brief description of the

design, strategy, methods and instrument for the given research topic.

Research Topic: Challenges encountered by Grade 11 students amidst COVID-19 pandemic

Research Design

Sampling Strategy

Data Collection Method

Research Instrument

Data Analysis Method

How are data analyzed in a qualitative research?

_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

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 Let’s Sum It Up
Activity 1
Directions: Complete the paragraph below by filling in the missing terms. Choose your
answers from the box.

Research methodology is an essential element of a

research process. It consists of _________________________, CHOICES:
which is the overall plan in conducting the study; instrument
_______________________, which describes how participants data analysis procedure
are properly selected; ___________________, which refers to the
data collection method
manner how relevant information are gathered and wherein
sampling strategy
the ______________________ should suitably anchored; and
research design
_______________________, which explains how collected data
are appropriately scrutinized and interpreted.

Activity 2
Directions: Complete the following phrases. Write your answers on the spaces provided.

The Topic was about

It Matters because

I’ve Learned today that

Let’s Reflect
Directions: Think and reflect on the new knowledge, skills, and attitude that you have
acquired in your activities in CLAS 6 (Week 6). What were your problems encountered in
each lesson? How did you overcome these problems? Write your reflection-answers for week
6 on the spaces provided.

My Week 6 Reflection
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________

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 Let’s Assess
Directions: Read and answer carefully the following questions. Write the letter of your
answer on the line before the number.

____ 1. Which of the following pertains to a set of research data collection, analysis and
interpretation methods to be carried out for the conduct of a research study?
C. Data analysis method C. Research design
D. Data collection method D. Sampling strategy

____ 2. Which of the following is the commonly used method of data analysis?
C. Coding C. Sample
D. Data saturation D. Thematic analysis

____ 3. Which of the following refers to the process through which the intended research
participants are carefully chosen?
C. Data collection C. Sampling
D. Sample D. Themes

____ 4. What data collection method is applicable if the researcher wanted to explore the
behavior of young children?
C. Interview C. Use of questionnaire
D. Observation D. Written document

____ 5. Which of the following is exemplified by the statement: The research study will be
interviewing senior high students who joined and won contests held last school year.
C. Data analysis method C. Research design
D. Sampling strategy D. Theme

Logically arrange the steps of Thematic Analysis listed below. Use numbers 1-5. Write your
answer on the line before the number.

____ 6. Establish collections of similar codes

____ 7. Prepare a concise, logical and coherent report
____ 8. Transcribe the verbal data and read through all the transcript
____ 9. Define and name the themes
____ 10. Code your data and identify similar codes

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 Answer Key
Let’s Try
Lets’ Practice

1. B 6. 3
2. C 7. 5
3. D 8. 1
4. C 9. 4 1. A 3. B 5. C 1. A 3. C 5. B
5. B 10. 2 2. D 4. E 2. E 4. D

Let’s Do More
The following must arise from the answers, but the elaboration on the context may vary
Research Design Phenomenological study
Sampling Strategy Convenience / Purposive
Data Collection Method Interview / Focus Group Discussion with
1. C 3. B 5. B Transcription
2. A 4. B Research Instrument Interview using open-ended questions
Data Analysis Method Coding and Thematic analysis

Let’s Sum Up
Let’s Assess

1. C 6. 3
1. research design Answers may
2. D 7. 5
2. sampling strategy vary
3. data collection method 3. C 8. 1
4. instrument 4. B 9. 4
5. data analysis method 5. B 10. 2

References
Books
Abadiano, Mark N.. Research in Daily Life 1: Qualitative Research Method. Quezon City:
Cronica Bookhaus, 2016. pp. 73-96

Prieto, Nelia G., Naval, Victoria C., and Carey, Teresita G. Practical Research 1. Quezon City:
Lorimar Publishing, Inc., 2017. pp. 115-131

Wa-Mbaleka, Safary and Gladstone, Ranjith Kingston. Qualitative Research for Senior High
School. Cavite: Oikos Biblios Publishing House, 2018. pp. 25-26, 59-70

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FEEDBACK SLIP

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Yes (Please indicate what this is/these are.)

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