APA Citation &

Style Guide
Abara, Kenneth Jun L.
Español, Kathleen Grace R.
Gempis, Kurt John A.
Nono, Jennifer M.
Ochoa, Sarah Justine E.
Tamayo, Sheena Gail B.
Tiangson, Karlo L.
 Why use APA Style?

u It provides a foundation for effective scholarly communication because it

helps authors present their ideas in a clear, concise, and organized manner.
u Uniformity and consistency enable readers to:
u Focus on the ideas being presented rather than formatting; and
u Scan works quickly for key points, findings and sources.

Retrieved from:
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manual-7th-edition-introduction.pdf
In-text Citations

u Provide the last name of the author followed by a comma, then the year of
publication. Example: (Jones, 2005)
u For works with two authors, put an ampersand between the last names of the
authors. Example: (Cook & Croft, 2015)
u For works with three or more authors, provide the name of the first author
plus "et al." Example: (Chen et al., 2008)
u Include page number only in the rare case where a direct quote (placed in
quotation marks) is used. Example: (Jones, 2005, p. 79)

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Reference List

u Heading: Use "References" as page heading.

u Indentation: For each entry, all lines after the first line should be indented one-
half inch from the left margin.
u Spacing: Double-space the entire list (both within and between entries).
u Author: Provide the last name of the author, then the initials of the first and
middle names. Put a space between the initials. Example: Jack, A. A.
u Two authors: Put a comma and an ampersand between
the authors. Example: Cook, M., & Croft, J. B.
u Three or more authors: Put a comma after every author. Before the final author,
put a comma and an ampersand. Provide last names and initials of up to 20
authors. When there are 21 or more authors, include the first 19 names, insert an
ellipsis (but no ampersand), then provide the last author's name.

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Reference List

u Article title: Do not place quotation marks around the article title. Use
sentence case (that is, capitalize only the first word of the title, the first
word following a colon, and proper nouns). Example: Interactive mindfulness
technology: A walking labyrinth in an academic library
u Journal title: Do not use sentence case (that is, capitalize all major
words). Example: College & Research Libraries News
u Journal volume and issue numbers: Italicize the volume number. Include
the issue number for all journals that have them. Place the issue number
immediately after the volume number (no spaces), and enclose the issue
number in parentheses. Example: 76(6)

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Print Book

u Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work.

Publisher.
u Calfee, R. C., & Valencia, R. R. (1991). APA guide to preparing manuscripts for
journal publication. American Psychological Association.

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E-Book

u Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of work.

[Ebook]. Publisher. Nondatabase URL
u De Huff, E. W. (n.d.). Taytay’s tales: Traditional Pueblo Indian tales. [Ebook].
http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/dehuff/taytay/taytay.html

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Print Journal

u Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title

of article. Title of Periodical, volume number(issue
number), page range.
u Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal
articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55(2), 893-896.

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Online Journal

u Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title

of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue
number), page range. https://doi.org/
u Brownlie, D. (2007). Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated
bibliography. European Journal of Marketing, 41(3), 1245-1283.
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560710821161

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Print Magazine

u Cite like a print journal article, but give the year and the month for
monthly magazines. Add the day for weekly magazines.
u Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools. Time,
135, 28-31.

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Online Magazine

u Cite like a print magazine article, except:

u a) no page numbers, and
u b) add a DOI (preferred) or full URL.

u Auerback, M. (2019, January 27). In antitrust, size isn’t everything. Salon.

https://www.salon.com/2019/01/27/in-antitrust-size-isnt-everything_partner/

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Online Newspaper

u Cite like an online magazine article except that in most cases, you'll
include a URL because no DOI will be available.
u Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day). Title of article. Title of
Newspaper. URL
u Parker-Pope, T. (2008, May 6). Psychiatry handbook linked to drug
industry. The New York Times.
https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2008/05/06/psychiatry-handbook-linked-to-drug-
industry/

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Website

u Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Date of publication). Title

of page. Title of Website. URL
u Cleveland Clinic. (2019, July 16). Stress: 10 ways to ease
stress. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/8133-stress-10-ways-to-
ease-stress

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How to cite an indirect source?

u If I read a paper by Aaa and it cites a fact from a paper by Bbb, and I want to
refer to the fact in the paper by Bbb, would I cite Bbb?

u Bbb (2002, as cited in Aaa, 2013) argued that...

u Your reference list would then include the paper by Aaa. Your reference list
would not include the paper by Bbb, because you didn't actually read that
paper.

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Lecture Powerpoint

u Lecture PowerPoint Citation Reference List Example

u Romero, C. (2013). A tour of the cell [PowerPoint slides]. Slideshare.
https://www.slideshare.net/dalicano/06-cell-text-25594569
u Lecture PowerPoint Citation – In-Text Quotation
u (Romero, 2013, slide 5)
u Lecture PowerPoint Citation – In-Text Paraphrase
u (Romero, 2013)

Retrieved from:
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powerpoint-presentations-in-apa/
Lecture Powerpoint

u Lecture PowerPoint Citation Reference List Example 2

u Romero, C. (2014). Membrane structure and function [PowerPoint slides]. Pearson
Education.
u Lecture PowerPoint Citation 2 – In-Text Quotation
u (Romero, 2014, slide 8)
u Lecture PowerPoint Citation 2 – In-Text Paraphrase
u (Romero, 2014)

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Lecture Powerpoint

u Lecture PowerPoint Citation Reference List Example 3

u Johnson, A. (2010). Online database searching strategies [PowerPoint slides]. San Jose State
University. Classroom lecture.
u Lecture PowerPoint Citation 3 – In-Text Quotation
u (Johnson, 2010, slide 3)
u Lecture PowerPoint Citation 3 – In-Text Paraphrase
u (Johnson, 2010)

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References

u Citation & Style Guide. Middlebury Libraries. Retrived from:

https://middlebury.libguides.com/citation/cite#s-lg-box-9414041
u Introduction, 7th Ed., Publication Manual of the American Psychological
Association. Retrieved from: https://apastyle.apa.org/products/publication-
manual-7th-edition-introduction.pdf
u Mathewson, A., How to Cite a Powerpoint in APA Format. Retrieved from:
https://www.bibliography.com/apa/citing-powerpoint-presentations-in-apa/