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\title{MADM-Based Parametric Selection and Ranking of
E-Learning Websites Using Fuzzy COPRAS
}
\title { Tutorial-7: Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic\\ Himani 2022REC9033 \\[1ex] \
large MADM-Based Parametric Selection and Ranking of
E-Learning Websites Using Fuzzy COPRAS}
\maketitle
\begin{abstract}
The essential contribution is to give scholars and practitioners a better
understanding of how to efficiently and successfully use multi-attribute decision-
making (MADM) techniques to solve challenges related to choosing an e-learning
website.\\
Background: The Internet and developments in information systems have made e-
learning websites a crucial interface for students. The choice of a particular
website directly impacts how well end users perform, with the goals and anticipated
effects of e-learning heavily reliant on the caliber of the instructional design
and the efficiency of online access. For both learners and developers, the
evaluation and selection of these websites have thus become a crucial issue.\\
Intended Outcomes: By properly analyzing and controlling their e-learning system,
educational leaders and organizations can benefit from the information in this
article.A knowledge-based system may be created to create and meaningfully evaluate
e-learning websites.\\
Application Design: To evaluate, rank, and choose e-learning websites using the "C"
programming language, fuzzy complex proportional assessment (COPRAS), a hybrid MADM
method, is utilized.
The order preference by similarity to the ideal solution strategy is compared to
the fuzzy COPRAS method on a selection issue, including 12 websites from the open
literature. This comparison serves to validate the undefined COPRAS method.\\
Findings: Based on fitness degree values, Fuzzy COPRAS thoroughly ranks e-learning
websites. The case study findings ranked tutorThe complexity of the numerous
selection indices' ratings, weights, and numbers must be addressed by this process.
To address these issues, multi-criteria decision-making techniques, including the
Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), TOPSIS, and Visekriterijumsko Kompromisno
Rangiranje (VIKOR), have been created. These currently used methods have drawbacks,
including pairwise comparison, high complexity, extended execution times, and the
absence of weight elicitation. This study proposes fuzzy COPRAS as a novel hybrid
strategy for rating and choosing e-learning websites to overcome these drawbacks.
ialspoint.com as the top e-learning website, while howstuffworks.com received the
lowest rating. This study demonstrates how fuzzy COPRAS may be helpful for e-
learning producers, practitioners, and researchers.

\end{abstract}

\section{Introduction}
E-learning, the act of distributing and sharing information for education
using Internet technology, is a revolutionary method of teaching and learning that
has been made possible by the rapid development and progress of information and
communication technologies \cite{article, 12345}. The availability of resources,
student performance, and effective management of the teachers and staff are all
improved by electronic devices and the Internet. The focus of the conventional
educational process is classroom instruction. The benefits of e-learning over
traditional learning methods include time savings, improved interactions, lower
costs, quick access, and enhanced flexibility. These benefits have caused the
number of educational websites to explode. Several interdependent selection
indices, including content accessibility, consistent delivery, interactivity,
reliability, functionality, and more, profoundly impact an e-learning website's
quality concerning learners and website designers \
cite{doi:10.1080/18756891.2010.9727675, article3, HASAN201111}. This makes the
issue of choosing and ranking websites a multi-attribute decision-making (MADM)
problem, necessitating the creation and adoption of a technique for website
selection. TThe complexity of the numerous selection indices' ratings, weights, and
numbers must be addressed by this process.\\
To address these issues, multi-criteria decision-making techniques, including
the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), TOPSIS, and Visekriterijumsko Kompromisno
Rangiranje (VIKOR), have been created. These currently used methods have drawbacks,
including pairwise comparison, high complexity, extended execution times, and the
absence of weight elicitation. This study proposes fuzzy COPRAS as a novel hybrid
strategy for rating and choosing e-learning websites to overcome these drawbacks.

\section{Results}
Practitioners and researchers in e-learning assessment have recently
become interested in multi-criteria decision-making methodologies. Fuzzy COPRAS has
been successfully used to rank, evaluate, and pick eight e-learning websites using
ten selection indices that interact with one another. 'fresh2refresh.com' and
'programiz.com' are listed in second and third place in Table I, with
tutorialspoint.com having the highest fitness degree (100.00) and holding the first
spot. The website howstuffworks.com, which had the lowest fitness level (67.373),
was rated eighth last.\\
It is more acceptable than other MADM approaches for practitioners and
researchers due to the straightforwardness of its mathematical formulations and the
absence of complexity.

\section{Conclusion}

The relevance of e-learning in education makes the current study relevant.

Leaders in education and educational organizations will benefit from the fuzzy
COPRAS technique since it will help them analyze and manage their e-learning
systems more efficiently. The study can be improved further by, for instance,
conducting sensitivity analyses, creating a computerized decision-support system,
switching from type-1 fuzzy sets to interval type-2 and intuitionistic fuzzy sets,
and putting simulation-based decision-making into practice [37]–[41]. Based on the
identified selection indices that are the most significant in effective and
successful e-learning, a user-friendly decision-support system might be developed
using MATLAB to run in a Microsoft WindowsTM XP or higher environment. Without much
technical expertise, learners (students/professors), developers, and researchers
could utilize this computerized decision-support system in various scenarios to
build, implement, and assess e-learning websites meaningfully. The approach can
also be used to evaluate websites other than those for e-learning, such as e-
commerce, hospitals, and banks, though this would need to change the selection
indices.
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