NCM 104 RLE
Care of Clients with Life-threatening Conditions, Acutely III/Multi-organ Program, High Acuity, and Emergency Situation
Name: Tarifa, Vannesa Joy B.
Section:
Date:10/27/2022
MEDICATION NAME
CLASSIFICATION
(Generic and Brand
(Specific Action)
Name)
Metronidazole iv Classifications:
Antibiotics
Mechanism of Action:
Metronidazole is converted to
reduction products that
interact with DNA to cause
destruction of helical DNA
structure and strand leading to
a protein synthesis inhibition
and cell death susceptible
organisms. It is active against
most anaerobic protozoa,
some gm+ve, gm-ve and
facultative anaerobes.
S.Y. 2022-2023 | 1st Semester
DRUG STUDY
NUN 202
USE OF MEDICATION DOSAGE
CONTRADICTIONS AND SIDE NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES
(Book-based & Patient (Book based & Patient-
EFFECTS (Patient & Family Teachings)
Centered) Centered)
 Used to treat skin Capsule – 375mg Contradictions:  Administer with food or milk
infections, rosacea to minimize GI irritation
and mouth Tablet – 250mg  Hypersensitivity to
infections, including 500mg metronidazole or other  May cause dizziness. Caution
infected gums and nitroimidazoles (although patient or other activities
dental abscesses. Tablet, extended-release – cautious desensitization requiring alertness until
750mg has been applied) response to medication is
 Used to treat known.
conditions such as Infusion Solution –  Pregnancy, 1st trimester
bacterial vaginosis 500mg/100mL (controversial)  Avoid use unless necessary
and pelvic  Use of disulfiram within
inflammatory Dosage Considerations – past 2 weeks; use of  Inform patient that urine may
disease. should be given as follows: alcohol during therapy or turn dark
within 3 days of
 During discontinuing therapy
Pregnant Woman:  Inform patient that
pregnancy, treating medication may cause an
bacterial vaginosis Pregnancy and Lactation unpleasant metallic taste.
 500 mg orally twice
and trichomoniasis
daily x 7 days, OR
with metronidazole
 250 mg orally three  Metronidazole may be
is effective and offers
times/day x 7 days acceptable for use during
no teratogen risk.
pregnancy. Either animal
Benefit of
studies show no risk but
metronidazole in the
human studies not
 NCM 104 RLE

Care of Clients with Life-threatening Conditions, Acutely III/Multi-organ Program, High Acuity, and Emergency Situation

S.Y. 2022-2023 | 1st Semester

DRUG STUDY
reduction of preterm
birth was available or animal
demonstrated for studies showed minor
the combination of risks and human studies
this medication with done and showed no risk.
other antibiotics. There are published data
from case-control studies,
cohort studies, and 2
meta-analyses that
included more than 5000
pregnant women who
used metronidazole
systemically during
pregnancy
 Many studies included
first trimester exposures.
One study showed an
increased risk of cleft lip,
with or without cleft
palate, in infants exposed
to metronidazole in
utero; however, these
findings were not
confirmed
 In addition, more than 10
randomized, placebo-
controlled clinical trials
that together enrolled
over 5000 pregnant
women assessed the
possible effect of systemic
antibiotic treatment
(including with
metronidazole) for
 NCM 104 RLE

Care of Clients with Life-threatening Conditions, Acutely III/Multi-organ Program, High Acuity, and Emergency Situation

S.Y. 2022-2023 | 1st Semester

DRUG STUDY
bacterial vaginosis on the
incidence of preterm
delivery; most studies did
not show an increased
risk
of congenital anomalies
or other adverse fetal
outcomes following
metronidazole exposure
during pregnancy
 Three studies conducted
to assess the risk of infant
cancer following systemic
metronidazole exposure
during pregnancy did not
show an increased risk;
however, the ability of
these studies to detect
such a signal was limited.
 Metronidazole is excreted
in human milk; it is not
recommended for use
while breastfeeding
 Following oral
administration,
concentrations in human
milk are similar to
concentrations in plasma
 Potential for
tumorigenicity shown in
animal studies; a decision
should be made whether
to discontinue nursing or
to discontinue
 NCM 104 RLE

Care of Clients with Life-threatening Conditions, Acutely III/Multi-organ Program, High Acuity, and Emergency Situation

S.Y. 2022-2023 | 1st Semester

DRUG STUDY
metronidazole;
breastfeeding women
may choose to pump and
discard milk for the
duration of therapy and
for 24 hours after therapy
ends and to feed her
infant stored human milk
or formula

Side Effects:

 Appetite loss
 Yeast
infection (candidiasis)
 Diarrhea
 Dizziness
 Headache
 Nausea
 Vomiting
 Loss of control of bodily
movements
 Dark urine
 Disulfiram-type reaction
with ethanol
 Furry tongue
 Hypersensitivity
 Low white blood cell
count (neutropenia)
 Metallic taste
 Neuropathy
 Pancreatitis
 Seizures
 Blood
 NCM 104 RLE

Care of Clients with Life-threatening Conditions, Acutely III/Multi-organ Program, High Acuity, and Emergency Situation

S.Y. 2022-2023 | 1st Semester

DRUG STUDY
clot (thrombophlebitis)
 Dry mouth
 Brain disease
(encephalopathy)
 Aseptic meningitis
 Optic neuropathy
 Stevens-Johnson
syndrome
 Toxic epidermal necrolysis
 Decreased libido

Side effects of metronidazole from

postmarketing reports include:

 Difficult or painful sexual

intercourse
 Rectal pain and
inflammation
 Fleeting joint pains that
may resemble serum
sickness
 Crohn's disease
 Hiccups
 Psychosis