DCA40163 ARCHITECTURAL STRUCTURES

SHELL
EN. ARNAWARNU MUSSHA DAR BIN ABU HASSAN
EN. AHMAD SID HIJAZ BIN MD.SAAID
OUR TEAM

Fatinur Syamimi Nur Qistina Aqilah

binti Hansiham binti Sharnizan
03DSB21F1010 03DSB21F1013
 CONTENT
01 INTRODUCTION

02 SINGLE CURVE SHELL

03 DOUBLE CURVE SHELL

04 CONCLUSION

05 SUGGESTION

06 REFERENCES
INTRODUCTION
SHELL
Shell roof is basically the modification of a
pitched roof and covers large areas of the
building.

The term shell is used to describe the

structures which possess strenght and
rigidity due to its thin, natural and curved
form such as shell of egg, a nut and shell of
tortoise.
 DEFENITION
Single Curve Shell
Curved on one linear axis and are a part of a cylinder or
cone in the form of barrels vault and conoid shells.

The thickness of singly-curved shells should not be less

than 5 cm.

Are either part of sphere or a hyperboloid of revolution. Double Curve Shell

Double curved shells are structurally more efficient than

single curved shells.

Preparation of the centring work of doubly-curved shell

roof is more difficult.
 ADVANTAGES

01 02 03 04 05

A light form of Faster construction. Aesthetic in Covers a large area. Lesser material
construction. appearance.
usage.

SINGLE CURVE SHELL

 IGLESIA DE
PAMPULHA
The Church of San Francisco de Asís, became the symbol of
this Brazilian city, being part of the Pampulha Complex
project . Commissioned by the mayor, this project is an
important milestone in modern architecture in Brazil.

Architect : Oscar Niemeyer

Associate Architect : Cándido Portinari
Landscape Architect : Roberto Burle Marx
Engineer : Joaquim Cardoso
Location : Pampulha ,Belo Horizonte, Juscelino
Kubitschek

Structures
The church is comprised of a
series of arches which form
numerous vaults.
INFORMATION
Materials
The entire structure is made of
reinforced concrete and the
exterior panels are comprised
of tiles.
Concept
The use of curves and
oblique lines throughout
the church, intentionally
discarding the right angle,
confers an asymmetric and
flexible character
DIMENSION
COMBINATION SHORT AND LONG BARREL
Barrel : Arch action and beam action together make a barrel. It is formed by bending a flat plane and only
curved in one direction.

These shells are

typically supported at
the corners and have
span which is shorter
than its width.
SHORT SPAN BARREL
These shells are
typically supported at
the corners and be have
structurally as a large
beam. It' span is larger
than its width.

LONG SPAN BARREL

 Altar

Nave

Confessional Baptistery

Stairs
LOAD DISTRIBUTION
LOAD DISTRIBUTION
DOUBLE CURVE SHELL
KRESGE
AUDITORIUM
The Kresge Auditorium, whose alternative name is building W16, is
defined by an elegant structure of thin shell, one-eighth of a sphere
which reaches a height of 15.24m offering an unobstructed view to each
viewer, as there are no internal supports for the arches of the dome.

Architect: Designed in:

Eero Saarinen 1950

Associate Architect: Built in:

Anderson & Beckwith 1953-1955

Structural Engineer: Location:

Ammann & Whitney Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States

Acoustic Engineer:
Bolt, Beranek & Newman
 Page 08

INFORMATION
STRUCTURE MATERIALS ROOF COATING

Defined by an elegant thin-shell
structure of reinforced concrete
One-eighth of a sphere rising to a height
of 50 feet (15 m)
Sliced away by sheer glass curtain walls
In the dome construction has been used
reinforced concrete and copper plates. On
the facades glass curtain walls were
placed. The auditorium stands on a round
concrete coated with red brick.
Lining of the dome of double curvature
The concrete and reinforcing beams
near each edge replaced mainstay
The cover boards were filled copper.
 Page 08

DIMENSION
 Page 08

OPTIMIZED & INITIAL SHELL

OPTIMIZED SHELL INITIAL SHELL

Topology Optimized Hemispherical A shell initialization file is a shell

Shell under domes are an efficient
way to span long distances and resist
gravity loads
The two kinds of classical domes
prevalent in architecture are
continuous shells and grid shells.
script that runs automatically
each time the user logs in.
The initialization file sets up the
work environment and customizes
the shell environment for the user.

LONG-SPAN

Long-span buildings create

unobstructed, column-free spaces
greater than 30 metres (100 feet) for
a variety of functions
LOAD DISTRIBUTION
CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
As conclusion,the design of shell roof is
difficult, expensive and need skilled and
experienced personals. A shell roof is
relatively thin and does not require
support beams. The costs of materials for
these types of roofs are lower than the
materials required for either a flat or a
pitched roof.
 COMPARISON
Curved on one linear axis and are a
part of a cylinder or cone in the
form of barrels vault and conoid
shells.
Preparation of the centring work of
single-curved shell roof is more
easy.
SINGLE CURVE SHELL
Are either part of sphere or a
hyperboloid of revolution.
Preparation of the centring work
of doubly-curved shell roof is
more difficult.
DOUBLE CURVE SHELL
SUGGESTION
SUGGESTION
With this, we suggest a double curved shell because it can
cover more space. Besides, the resulting structure is much
stiffer and stronger than a single curved surface, such as
a barrel shell. It is what we it dome.
REFERENCES
https://www.urbipedia.org/hoja/Iglesia_de_Pampulha
https://www.archdaily.cl/cl/02-182625/clasicos-de-arquitectura-iglesia-de-pampulha-
oscar-niemeyer
https://constrofacilitator.com/shell-structure-advantages-types-and-applications/
https://gharpedia.com/blog/what-is-shell-roof/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kresge_Auditorium
https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/kresge-auditorium/
https://www.archdaily.com/492176/ad-classics-kresge-auditorium-eero-saarinen-and-
associates/53268dffc07a805cd800026e-ad-classics-kresge-auditorium-eero-saarinen-
and-associates-sections-looking-east-and-north
https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/building/kresge-auditorium/
https://www.google.com/url?
sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Ffigure%2FSpherical-shape-of-Kresge-
Auditorium-initial-shell-and-numerically-generated-
hanging_fig8_340646439&psig=AOvVaw3_1bnFAU3glyvUWJxJnpi9&ust=1681564958407000
&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CBEQjRxqFwoTCIiB5-C7qf4CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE
https://www.britannica.com/technology/construction/Long-span-buildings
https://www.google.com/search?
sxsrf=APwXEdcpF1OxUZPR0_ql8WKwsFNG5xzYsw:1681478608147&q=What+is+shell+initializat
ion%3F&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjf8Ir5u6n-AhU8TGwGHXWzAuIQzmd6BAgXEAY
https://www.slideshare.net/beerappa143/shells-52928980
THANK YOU