Introduction + Ina stationary fluid, there is a pressure variation due to the weight of the fluid. + Why do we study stationary fluid? + Pressure distribution in atmosphere and ocean + Design of manometer pressure instruments ‘% Forces on submerged surfaces (flat and curved) 4 Buoyancy on submerged body ‘% Behaviour of floating bodies + A stationary fluid cannot exert shear forces, only normal forces (pressure is normal stress) MTV310 Hydrostatic laws + Pressure acts normal on a contact surface + Pressure is directly - Vp= +) Pressure is the same at all proportional to head Y? = 8 places at the same a Pe Weight=ahpe elevation = a(zyey)Y “erp Pam sl 2 h PiMTV310 Hydrostatic laws (cont.) + Pressure at a point is the same in all directions * Balance of forces: Pa Horizontal: p,Az~p,Assind=0 Az=Assind “+P, AvAz Vertical: p.Ax — p,AscosO — oS Ar=Ascosd “+P. i Inti poinds de 0 + Mercury barometer “P= Pe 6.2. =D.=D. P= O[ | pagel-te-3Pa@20c p + Piezometer pe. n= Pe >2)MTV310 Hydrostatic forces on plane surfaces Free surface 0 Pressure distribution + Total force on submerged body = integral of pressure distribution F = pda = fonda = frysin al =rsin df, ydd =7sinOoeA = jhtogA = PogA which acts at centre of pressure (hep) MTV310 Where does it act? At centre of pressure, CP, Where is CP? Moments about O: yf = J ydF dF force ondA = | »pda = | yrhda = | vavsin@dd = y sin af yd = ysind/.,,] _ysin@l,, _ysinoz,, _Sin@l, La v0 MeoA IiogA hep = Sin 8Ycp Note definition of y (different than White). If surface non-symmetric, then CP offset (again, depending on definition of x-axis). ysin@l,, Steiner’s rule: PooA 12 leg AP sin’ 8. wre Tica White Fx 2.5 Xp =