GooRisk 2011 © ASCE 2011 Note that typically a“*< a!"* but not necessarily a**= 1.0, as “conservati mean” may be different from “simple mean”, Distinct values of a and provided for some types of loads (wind) in the current Canadian code (NRC 2005). CONCLUSIONS ‘The simultaneous action of frost adfreeze and transient loads on pile foundations is a practically important, yet insufficiently researched, aspect of pile The prevailing concepts ope behavior are based on intuition rather than analysis. In the paper, behavior under combined frost and transient loading is examined by numerical experiment using nonlinear analytical “three-column” model. It is an extension of the ¢-z curves method for vertical loading of piles. The correlation between the frost and the transient Toad on piles is complex; they are not directly additive, nor are they mutually exclusive. The currently adopted practice, which considers that the frast load is not additive to transient Toa. is non-conservative for the structural design of the pile. three limit states to be considered are (i) ULS for geotechnical resistance, (ii) SLS for geotechnical resistance (limitation of displacements), and (iti) ULS for structural resistance of the pile. UE rose formulated in LSD terms, REFERENCES American Petroleum Institute (API), (1993), Recommended practice for plannin; designing and constructing ficed offshore platforms = Working stress 20" ed., Washington, DC. Canadian Geotechnical Society (CGS), (2006). Canadian Foundation Engineering Manual, 4" R