Sample Question Paper -1

Class XII
Biology (044)
Time allowed: 3 Hrs Maximum Marks: 70
General Instructions:
1. There are a total of 26 questions and five sections in the question paper.
All questions are compulsory.
2. Section A contains question number 1 to 5, Very Short Answer type
questions of one mark each.
3. Section B contains question number 6 to 10, Short Answer type I
questions of two marks each.
4. Section C contains question number 11 to 22, Short Answer type II
questions of three marks each.
5. Section D contains question number 23, Value Based Question of four
marks.
6. Section E contains question number 24 to 26, Long Answer type
questions of five marks each.
7. There is no overall choice in the question paper; however, an internal
choice is provided in one question of two marks, one question of three
marks and all three questions of five marks. An examinee is to attempt
any of the questions out of the two given in the question paper with the
same question number.

SECTION -A
1. Observe the pedigree chart and answer the following questions:
 (a) Identify whether the trait is sex-linked or autosomal.

(b) Give an example of a disease in human beings which shows such a

pattern of inheritance.

[½ + ½=1]
2. Identify the reason for selection of DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus
for
Polymerase Chain Reaction.
[1]
3. Govt. of India has raised the marriageable age of female to 18 yrs and of males
to 21 yrs. Suggest any two more measures adopted by Government for the
purpose.

[½ + ½=1]
4. Thymus of a new born child was degenerating right from birth due to a genetic
disorder.
Predict its two impacts on the health of the child.
[½ + ½=1]
5. Give an example of a chromosomal disorder caused due to non-disjunction of
autosomes.
[1]
SECTION -B
6. During an excavation assignment, scientists collected pollen grains of a plant
preserved in deeper layers of soil. Analyse the properties of pollen grains
which help in the fossilization.
[½+½ x3= 2]
7. Protein synthesis machinery revolves around RNA but in the course of
evolution it was replaced by DNA. Justify.
[2]
8. Identify two ways in which Spirulina is helpful to mankind.
[1+1=2]
OR
Keeping beehives in crop fields has several advantages. List any two.
[1+1=2]
9. Suryakant had banana plantation in his field. Quality of the fruit was excellent
but the yield suffered due to infection of the plants by a virus. Suggest a fast and
efficient method to get healthy and a large number of plants in the next generation
without compromising on the existing quality. Justify the selection of your method.
[2]
10. Besides acting as ‘conduits’ for energy transfer across trophic levels, predators
play other important roles. Justify.
[2]
 SECTION -C
11. Explain three outbreeding devices.
[1+1+1=3]

12. After implantation interdigitation of maternal and foetal tissues takes place.
Identify the tissues involved and justify their role.
[1+1+1=3]
13. Compare the two ecological pyramids of biomass given below and explain the
situations in which this is possible. Also construct an ideal pyramid of energy
if 200,000 joules of sunlight is available. [1+2=3]

14. With respect to Messelson and Stahl’s Experiment, answer the following
questions:

(a) Identify the method used to distinguish between heavy and light
isotopes of nitrogen.

(b) With the help of diagrams, compare the results for the DNA isolated
after 20 minutes of experiment with the DNA which was isolated after 40
minutes.
[1+2=3]

15. A student was simulating Urey and Millers experiment to prove the origin of
life. The set up used by the student is given –
 (a) Find out the reasons why he could not get desired results.

(b) What conclusion was drawn by Urey and Miller through this
experiment?

(c) Compare the conclusion drawn with the theory of spontaneous

generation.
[1+1+1=3]

16. Given below is a figure of a biogas plant.

(a) Identify A and justify its floating nature.

(b) Identify the products B and C and discuss their significance.

[1+2=3]
17. According to Global Hunger Index 2014 two billion people suffer from hidden
hunger. Apply your knowledge of plant breeding techniques to suggest a
programme to improve public health. Specify four objectives of the
programme. Also mention one example of such a produce.
[½ +2+½=3]
18. DNA separated from one cell, when introduced into another cell is able to
bestow some of the properties of former to the latter. What is this change
called in technical terms? Describe the experimental evidences which led to
the discovery of the above phenomenon.
[1+2=3]
19. When someone buys packets of cigarettes, cannot miss the statutory warning
that is present on the packing which warns against smoking and says how it
is injurious to health. Yet, smoking is very prevalent in our society, both
among young and old. Advise the adolescents about the importance of
avoiding smoking. (Mention any six points.)
[½x6= 3]
20. Biotechnology has helped farmers to get pest resistant cotton crops. Explain
the technique adopted along with its mode of action. (Mention six points)
[½x6= 3]
OR
(a) Draw the figure of vector pBR322 and label the following:

Origin of replication
Ampicillin resistance site
Tetracycline resistance site
Bam H1 restriction site
(b) Identify the significance of Origin of replication
[½x4+1= 3]
21. (a) Given below is a single stranded DNA molecule. Frame and label its
sense and antisense RNA molecule.

5’ ATGGGGCTC 3’ sense
(b) How the RNA molecules made from above DNA strand help in silencing of
the specific RNA molecules?
[2+1=3]
22. Rajesh was doing gel electrophoresis to purify DNA fragments. Given below is
the sketch of the observations of the experiment performed by him.
 (a) At which end he would have loaded the samples and where?

(b) Analyse the reason for different positions taken up by the DNA bands.

(c) Elaborate the step he would have followed to visualize DNA bands.

[1+1+1=3]

SECTION -D
23. Mohit and Sumit want to buy a new car for their company. Mohit insisted on
buying a CNG car with a better mileage but Sumit insisted on buying a diesel
version of a high end car with better music system and A.C but relatively low
mileage.
(a) Being a responsible citizen of Delhi, how will Mohit convince Sumit about his
decision in the wake of rising pollution levels.

(b) What qualities of personality are being exhibited by Mohit in doing so?

(c) Suggest two more measures which can help in reducing vehicular pollution.
[1+1+2=4]

SECTION -E
24. Human female is not fertile after menopause whereas males can produce
gametes at any age after puberty. Analyse the statement and schematically
represent a comparison between gametogenesis in males and females.
[5]
OR
A village health worker was taking a session with women. She tells the women that
one has to be very careful while using oral pills as method of birth control. Wrong
usage can actually promote conception.
(a) Analyze the statement and compare the merits and demerits of using oral pills
and surgical methods of birth control.

(b) Village women were confused as to how a thin metallic Copper loop can
provide protection against pregnancy. Justify the use explaining the
mode of action of IUDs.
 [3 +2 =5]

25. Observe the representation of genes involved in the lac operon given below -

P i p oo z y a

(a) Identify the region where the repressor protein will attach normally.

(b) Under certain conditions repressor is unable to attach at this site. Explain.

(c) If repressor fails to attach to the said site what products will be formed by z,
y and a?

(d) Analyze why this kind of regulation is called negative regulation.

[½ +1+1½+2=5]
OR
Transcription in eukaryotes is more complex process than in prokaryotes. Justify
and compare the initiation, elongation and termination in bacterial cells with
eukaryotes.

[1+1+1+2=5]
26. The graph below shows species –area relationship:

(A) If b denotes the relationship on log scale-

 i) Describe a and b.

ii) How is slope represented? Give the normal range of slope.

iii) What kind of slope will be observed for frugivorous birds and
mammals in a tropical forest?

(B) Species diversity of plants (22%) is much less than that of animals (72%).
Analyze the reasons for greater diversity of animals as compared to plants.

[3+2=5]
OR

(a) Which of the above represents the increase or decrease of population?

(b) If N is the population density at time t, then what would be its density
at time (t+1)?
Give the formula.
(c) In a barn there were 30 rats. 5 more rats enter the barn and 6 out of the
total rats were eaten by the cats. If 8 rats were born during the time
period under consideration and 7 rats left the barn, find out the
resultant population at time (t+1). (d) If a new habitat is just being
colonized, out of the four factors affecting the population growth which
factor contributes the most?

[1+1+2+1=5]

***
 Sample Question Paper -1
Class XII Biology (044)

Marking Scheme

Section - A
1. a) sex-linked ½
b) Haemophilia/ Colour blindness ½

2. It remains active during the high temperature induced denaturation of double

stranded
DNA. 1

3. Incentives given to couples with small families /media publicity – posters of happy
couples with two children( slogan- Hum Do Humare Do)./ Motivate to promote smaller
families by using contraceptive methods
(Any two) (½ x2)

4. Thymus provides micro-environment for the development and maturation of T-

lymphocytes; its degeneration will weaken the immune system so the child will be
prone to frequent infections.
(½x 2)

5. Down’s Syndrome 1

Section - B
6. Pollen has an outer layer called exine which is made of sporopollenin. ½
Most resistant organic material known/ withstand high temperature, strong acids and
alkali/ no enzyme that degrades sporopollenin so far known.
(Any three) (½x3=1½)

7. Since RNA was unstable and prone to mutations, DNA evolved from RNA with chemical
modifications that make it more stable.
DNA has double stranded nature and has complementary strands. These further resist
changes by evolving a process of repair.
 (1+1=2)

8. Spirulina is a source of food rich in protein, minerals, fats, carbohydrates and vitamins,
It can grow on waste water from potato processing plants, straw, molasses, animal
manure and even sewage, so it also reduces water pollution. (1+1)
OR

Pollination management, versatile use of resources, production at no cost (any two)

(1+1)

9. He can grow thousands of plants through tissue culture of meristem by micro

propagation/He can remove the meristem and grow it in-vitro using tissue
culture technique./Although the plant is infected with a virus, the meristem
(apical and axillary) is free of viruses.
(1+1)

10. Besides acting as ‘conduits’ of energy transfer across trophic levels, predators play
other important roles like
They keep prey population under control
Predators also help in maintaining species diversity in a community by reducing
the intensity of competition among competing prey species
(1+1)

Section - C

11. i) Pollen release and stigma receptivity is not synchronised ii) Anther and
stigma are placed at different position iii) Self Incompatibility
iv) Production of unisexual flowers
(Any three)
(1+1+1)

12. After implantation interdigitation of maternal & foetal tissues results in

formation of structural and functional unit between embryo & maternal body
called placenta.
1
It facilitates supply of oxygen and nutrients to the embryo, Removal of carbon
dioxide and excretory material, Also acts as an endocrine tissue and produces
hormones like HCG, hPL, estrogen. Progesterone, relaxin
(1+1)

13. The first pyramid of biomass corresponds to a terrestrial ecosystem. Second

pyramid refers to a small standing crop of phytoplankton supporting a large
standing crop of zooplankton/aquatic ecosystem.
 Top
Consumer( 2J)
Secondary
Consumer (20J)

Primary Consumer (200J)

Producer (2000J)

200,000J of sunlight (1+2)

14.
a) Centrifugation in a CsCl density gradient. 1
b) After 20 mins Hybrid 14 N15 N .

After 40 mins 50% hybrid 14 N15 N, 50% light 14 N14N 2

15. a)He could not get desired results because:

i) O2 was used instead of H2
ii) Temperature maintained was 800c instead of 8000. 1

b) It was concluded that life could have come from pre – existing non
living organic molecules and their formation was preceded by
chemical evolution
1
c) He observed formation of Amino acids when in a closed flask CH4, H2,
NH3 and water vapour were heated at 8000 C in presence of electric
discharge. Analysis of meteorite content also reveals similar compounds
indicating that similar process are occurring elsewhere in space / Chemical
evolution. Urey & Miller proved that life originated abiogenetically whereas
theory of spontaneous generation
emphasized that units of life called spores were transferred to different planets
including Earth. 1

16.

a) A is the floating cover which is placed over the slurry, which keeps on rising as
the gas is produced in the tank due to the microbial activity.
b) B is the biogas which is a mixture of gases consisting of methane, hydrogen
sulphide and carbon dioxide. It can be used as a source of energy to nearby
houses as it is inflammable.
C is the spent slurry or sludge which is removed through another outlet and may
be used as fertiliser.
(1+2 =3)
17. Biofortification / Breeding crops with higher levels of vitamins and minerals, or
higher protein and healthier fats ½
Breeding for improved nutritional quality is improving –
(i) Protein content and quality; (ii) Oil content and quality; (iii) Vitamin content;
and (iv) Micronutrient and mineral content.
2
In 2000, maize hybrids that had twice the amount of the amino acids, lysine and
tryptophan, compared to existing maize hybrids were developed. /Wheat
variety, Atlas 66, having a high protein content, has been used as a donor for
improving cultivated wheat. / It has been possible to develop an iron-fortified
rice variety containing over five times as much iron as in commonly consumed
varieties./ The Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi has also
released several vegetable crops that are rich in vitamins and minerals, e.g.,
vitamin A enriched carrots, spinach, pumpkin; vitamin C enriched bitter gourd,
bathua, mustard, tomato; iron and calcium enriched spinach and bathua; and
protein enriched beans – broad lablab, French and garden peas.
(Any one example) ½

18. Transformation 1 Griffith experiment

Avery, Macleod and Mc Carty identified the biochemical nature of transforming
principle i.e. DNA (brief explanation)
2
19.

Tobacco in cigarettes contains a large number of chemical substances including

nicotine, an alkaloid.
Nicotine stimulates adrenal gland to release adrenaline and nor-adrenaline into
blood circulation, both of which raise blood pressure and increase heart rate.
Smoking is associated with increased incidence of cancers of lung, urinary
bladder, throat and oral cavity.
It is responsible for bronchitis and emphysema.
It is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease, gastric ulcer, etc.
 Smoking increases carbon monoxide (CO) content in blood and reduces the
concentration of haem-bound oxygen. This causes oxygen deficiency in the body.
(½ X 6 =3)
20.

The technique involves the use of a popularly known bio pesticide Bt toxin
produced by bacteria Bacillus thuriengiensis.
Bt toxin protein when ingested by the insect gets converted to its active form due
to alkaline pH of the gut.
The activated toxin binds to the surface of midgut epithelial cells
It creates pores in these cells that cause swelling and lysis and eventually kills
the insect.
The genes (cry genes) encoding this protein are isolated from the bacterium and
incorporated into crop plants like cotton.The proteins encoded by these cry
genes control the pest.
Specifically, cry I Ac and cry II Ab control cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa
armigera), an insect belonging to Lepidoptera which earlier used to destroy the
whole crop. (½x 6 = 3)
OR

a)

b) Origin of replication
is responsible for controlling
the copy number of the
DNA sequence inserted.
1
21.
a) 5’ ATGGGGCTC 3’ sense

3’ TACCCCGAG 5’ antisense

RNA 5’AUGGGGCUC 3’ sense

 3’UACCCCGAG 5’ antisense 2

b) The two strands of RNA (i.e. sense and antisense) being complementary will bind
with each other and form double stranded RNA as a result its translation
and protein expression would be inhibited.

22.
a) He would have loaded the samples near end A; in the wells.
b) The DNA fragments separate (resolve) according to their size through sieving
effect provided by the agarose gel. Hence, the smaller the fragment size, the
farther it moves.
c) After staining the DNA with ethidium bromide followed by exposure to UV
radiations the DNA bands appear coloured.
(1x3)
Section - D
23.
a) Mohit will give following reasons:

CNG burns most efficiently, unlike petrol or diesel, in the automobiles and very
little of it is left unburnt.

CNG is cheaper than petrol or diesel , cannot be siphoned off by thieves and
adulterated like petrol/ Diesel. (Any one)

b) Mohit shows: concern towards environment, awareness towards

sustainable development.
(Any two)
c) Phasing out of old vehicles, use of unleaded petrol, use of low sulphur
petrol/ diesel, use of catalytic converters in vehicles and application of
stringent pollution level norms for vehicles.
(Any two)
(1+1+2)

24.
Oogenesis is initiated during embryonic development stage when a couple of
million gamete mother cells (oogonia) are formed within each foetal ovary; No
more oogonia are formed and added after birth. A large number of these follicles
degenerate from birth to puberty. Therefore at puberty only 60,000 to 80,000
primary follicles are left in each ovary. 1
Menstrual cycle ceases after around 50 years of age and after this female is no
more fertile as cannot do ovulation whereas in males at puberty,
spermatogonia multiply by mitosis and increase in numbers, some of which
periodically undergo meiosis throughout the life. 1

(Any three similarities) (½x3=1½)

(Any three differences) (½x3=1½)
//
Representation through diagram

OR
a)

Contraceptive pills Surgical method

 Merits Pills are effective with lesser
side effects & well accepted
by females
Reversible method
demerits If not taken on right days
they can promote conception
Can have side effects if taken
for a long time
Surgical intervention
block gamete transport
Highly effective
Not Reversible
Can affect health of a
person if performed in
unhygienic condition

b)
Mode of action of IUDs
i. Increase Phagocytosis of sperms within the uterus.
ii. Cu++ released suppress sperm motility / fertility capacity of sperm iii.
Hormone releasing IUDs make uterus unsuitable for implantation
/cervix hostile to the sperm.
(Any two) (3+2)
25. a) Operator region O

b) In presence of an inducer- Lactose.

c) Z-β galactosidase
Y- permease a-Transacetylase
d) It is called negative regulation as it involves constitutive (all the time)
repressor. The operon is always in off position due to presence of
repressor and is switched on only in presence of an inducer. Inducer
Lactose or allolactose interacts with repressor making it inactive.
(½ +1+1½ +2)
OR
Transcription is more complex in eukaryotes due to following reasons:
a) In prokaryotes only one type of RNA polymerase is involved whereas in
eukaryotes three types of RNA polymerases are involved. 1

b) Description of processing of hnRNA is involved-introns/ exons/ splicing is

involved in eukaryotes. 1
c) Description of capping and tailing 1
d) Diagram 2

26. A. i) a-S=CA2 1

ii) b=log S=log C+ Z log A 1

 Slope-Z( regression coefficient)
iii)Value of Z=1.15(frugivorous birds) 1
(normal value 0.6to 1.2)

B.

Animal are mobile- can avoid predator or unfavourable event.

Well developed Nervous system to receive stimuli against external factors
and respond to them
2
OR
a) a and d represents increase of population and b and c represent decrease of
population.
b) N t+1 = N t + [( B+I)- ( D + E) ]
c) Here N t=30; I=5; E=7 ;D=6 ; B=8
Putting the value in N t+1 = N t + [( B+I)- ( D + E) ]
N t+1 = 30+ [(8+5)-(6+7)]
=30+[13-13]
= 30+0=30 rats
d) Immigration contributes the most.
[1+1+2+1]

***
 Sample Question Paper
Class XII
Biology (044)

MARKING SCHEME

TIME: 3HOURS MM:70

SECTION A

1. Tissue culture using meristematic tissue as it is virus free ½+ ½ =1

2. ½+ ½ =1
RNA interference

3. Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection ½+ ½ =1

(No marks for abbreviation - ICSI)
4. The two components are –antibiotic resistant gene and plasmid vector of ½+ ½ =1
Salmonella typhimurium.
5. Test cross 1

SECTION B
6. Population control measures other than contraception are: 2
- Advertisements in the media, to generate awareness
- Statutory raising of marriageable age of the female to 18 years and
that of males to 21 years, to delay the number of births
- Incentives given to couples with small families, to motivate others to
comply
(Any two of the above measures with explanation)
7. • X body/ X factor/ X chromosome 1+1
• In insects the sex chromosome consists of XX female; XO –Males ½+
½
8. Spirulina – 2
Produces large quantities of food rich in protein, minerals, fats, carbohydrates and
vitamins. Methylophilus methylotrophus –
250 gm of this microorganism produces 25 tonnes of protein per day 1x2=
2 OR
Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology
1 increases herd size, in a short time. ½ x
2=1
9. a) Source – Trichoderma polysporum 2
Reason – Immuno suppressive agent ½+½
b) They are clarified by pectinases and proteases ½+
½

10. - Decline in plant production/Decline in number of animal species ½x4=2

- Lowered resistance to environmental perturbations such as drought
- Increased variability in certain ecosystem processes such as plant productivity/
water use / pest & disease cycles
- Species may become endangered/increased rate of species extinction

SECTION C
11. 3

(Any four of the labels) ½ x4

=2
Tapetum nourishes the developing pollen grains
1

12. a) They need water as a medium of gamete transfer for fertilization. 1+1+1
b) A larger number of the male gametes fail to reach the female gametes
c) To enhance the chances of syngramy
13. a) CH4, NH3, H2O and H2 1+1+1
b) Anaerobic / Anoxygenic
c) Life come from pro-existing non – living organic malecules and that formation of
life was preceded by chemical evolution.
14. a) There will be 138 pink flower bearning plants and 69 1+1+1
white flower bearing plants.
b) Pink (Rr) selfing
Gameter R r
RR Red Rr Pink
R

Rr Pink rr
r
White
Phenotypic ratio : red : pink : white
1 : 2 : 1
c) Incomplete dominance
15. a) Adaptive radiation - The process of evolution of different species in a given 3
geographical area starting from a point and literally radiating to other areas
of geography (habitats). 1 mark
b) Convergent evolution1 mark
c) Wolf is a placental mammal, whereas Tasmanian wolf is a marsupial
mammal 1 mark

16. Doctor confirms pneumonia on the basis of the following symptoms - 3

fever/chills/grey
- blue lips and finger nails (any two); ½+½ and not common cold as the following
symptoms are not observed - Nasal congestion/sore throat/hoarseness (any two)
½+½
Precautions –
1) Cover the nose when near the patient
2) Do not share glasses and utensils / articles used by the infected person½+½
17. Methanogens are present in Cow dung so there is need to add innoculum.1 mark 3
Breakdown of cellulose1 mark
Anaerobic conditions. 1 mark
18. Gene Therapy ½ mark 3
ADA (Adenosine deaminase) deficiency ½ mark
Lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are grown in a culture, a functional ADA
cDNA is introduced into these lymphocytes, which are subsequently returned to the
patient. The permanent cure is done by introducing ADA cDNA into cells at early
embryonic stages.2 marks
19. Drug dependence - is the tendency of the body to manifest a characteristic and 3
unpleasant withdrawal syndrome if regular dose of drugs is abruptly discontinued /
because of perceived benefits, drugs are frequently used repeatedly from which the
person may not be able to get out. 1 mark Measures:
- Education and counseling - to face problems and stresses/ to channelize the
energy into healthy pursuits like reading, music, yoga and other extracurricular
activities
- Seeking help from parents - to guide the person appropriately and
immediately
- Seeking professional and medical help – to help the person to get rid of the
problem completely with sufficient efforts and will power (any two) 1 mark each
20. a) Positive terminal - ‘B’ ½ x2= 3
1
Negative terminal - ‘A’
b) DNA being negatively charged, moves towards the positive ½ x2=1
electrode (anode)
c) By elution - separated bands of DNA are cut out from the ½ x2=
1 agarose gel and extracted from the gel piece

OR

a) Bt corn
½
b) Cry I Ab/ Bt toxin gene codes for crystal protein; the Bttoxin protein exists as
an inactive protein, but once an insect ingests it, it gets converted into an
active form due to the alkaline pH of the gut which solubilizes the crystal. The
activated toxin binds to the surface of mid gut and creates pores that cause
swelling, lysis and eventually death of the insect.
½ x 5 = 2½
21. a) Bam HI should be used, as restriction site for this enzyme is present in tetR 3
region
1 mark
b) PvuI will not be used, as restriction site for this enzyme is present in ampR region
(not in tetR) 1 mark
EcoRI will not be used, as restriction site for this enzyme is not present in
selectable marker tetR 1 mark
22. a) ‘X’ axis - Mean annual precipitation (cm) ½ x2=1 3
‘Y’ axis - Mean annual temperature (0C)

b) Grassland - B ½x2=1
Coniferous forest - E

c) The mean annual temperature ranges from -12 to 20C (error accepted ± 2) and
mean annual precipitation ranges from 10 - 125 cm, these are the
optimum conditions in tundra biome ½x2=1

SECTION -D
23. Father explains that it will lead to generation of e - waste; 4
Difficulty in recycling e - waste / hazardous nature of recycling of e - waste /
exposing workers to toxic substances present in e - waste (Any one) 1

Son’s wish to update his father with modern techniques, Awareness about trends
and technologies, well versed with their applicability in daily life (any other similar
/ appropriate values) ½ x3=
1½

Concern for environment, scientific thinking, inquisitive nature, social awareness,

judicious use of money, sense of responsibility (any other similar /appropriate
values) ½ x 3 = 1½

SECTION –E
24. a) A is able to penetrate/ fertilize the ovum, whereas B and C are unable to 5
penetrate/ fertilize // B and C will degenerate ½ x2=1
b) Zona pellucida ensures the entry of only one sperm into the ovum 1
c) Induces completion of meiotic division of the secondary oocyte, formation of
second polar body and a haploid ovum ½ x2=1
d) Enzymes of acrosome help (½ mark if only ‘acrosome’ is written) 1
e) Ampullary - isthmic junction of the fallopian tube 1

OR

a) A - Estrogen ½ x2=1
B - Progesterone
b) A - Maturing ovarian follicle / Graafian follicle ½ x2=1
B - Corpus luteum
c) Formation of Graaffian follicle (releases estrogen) is followed by the formation
of corpus luteum (releases progesterone) 1
d) Role of A (Estrogen) - leads to changes in the ovary and uterus / regeneration
of endometrium through proliferation ½
Role of B (Progesterone) - Maintenance of endometrium for implantation of the
fertilized ovum/ maintenance of other events of pregnancy ½
e) In case of pregnancy 1
25. For initiation, the ribosome binds to the mature m RNA at the start codon (AUG) that 5
is recognized by the initiator t - RNA. During elongation, charged t RNA sequentially
binds to the appropriate codon in m- RNA with the aniticodon present on tRNA. The
ribosome moves from one codon to another adding amino acids one after the other
to form polypeptide, i.e. translation. During termination, the release factor binds to
stop codon (UAA, UAG, UGA), terminating translation and
releasing the polypeptide chain. ½ x 10 = 5
OR
Methodology used -
Sequence Annotation - total DNA from a cell is isolated, ½ x2=1
converted into random fragments of relatively smaller sizes ½ and
cloned in suitable host using specialized vectors. ½ The cloning
results in amplification of each piece of DNA fragment. ½ The fragments
are sequenced using automated DNA sequencers, ½ these sequences
are then arranged based on some overlapping regions (present
in them). ½
This requires generation of overlapping fragments (for sequencing). ½
Specialized computer based programmes are developed, and ½
these sequences are subsequently annotated and assigned to each chromosome.
½
26. i) Productivity - conversion of inorganic into organic material with the help of solar 5
energy by the autotrophs ½ x2=1
ii) Energy flow - unidirectional movement of energy towards higher trophic level
(and its dissipation and loss as heat to the environment) ½ x2=1
iii) Decomposition - fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification,
mineralization by bacteria, fungi and flagellates (abundant at the bottom of
lake) ½ x2=1
iv) Nutrient cycling - decomposition of dead matter to release the nutrients back to
be re-used by the autotrophs ½ x2=1

Food chain in aquatic ecosystem (lake) 1

Phytoplanktons Zooplanktons Small fish Big fish (Any

other appropriate example)

OR

a) Pioneer species, lichen ½

x2=1

b) Phytoplankton - hydric ½ x

7 = 3½ Submerged plant stage

Submerged free floating plant stage

Reed swamp stage

Marsh - meadow stage

Scrub stage

Forest stage - Mesic

c) Forest ½
 MARKING SCHEME
SAMPLE QUESTION PAPER
CLASS XII (BIOLOGY)
TIME 3 HOURS
MM 70
Section – A
1. b) Leydig cells 1
OR
b)Amniocentesis
2. d) Cell-mediated immune response 1
OR
d) ii and iv
3. d) P enzyme is Restriction endonuclease and Q enzyme is ligase 1

4. a) Sal I 1

5. b) Habitat loss and fragmentation 1

Section B
6. Encysted Amoeba divides by multiple fission / produces amoeba or pseudopodiospores /cyst wall 2
bursts out/spores are liberated to grow as amoebae(sporulation)
(½X4=2 Marks)
OR
Gemmule-asexual reproductive structure in sponges ( ½+½=1Mark)
Conidia-asexual reproductive structure in Penicillium.(or any other correct example)
(½+½ = 1Mark)

7. CuT,Cu7,Multiload 375 (Any two) (½ and ½ =1Mark ) 2

Cu ions released suppresses sperm motility and the fertilizing capacity of sperms.
(½ +½ =1 Mark )

8. Control crosses cannot be performed in human beings, Alternate method-Pedigree analysis (study 2
of the traits in several generations of a family). (1+1=2 Marks)

9. A is more reactive ½ Mark 2

2'-OH group present in the pentose sugar ½ Mark
Makes it more labile/ catalytic and easily degradable. ½+½ =1 Mark
 10. • Tissue culture ½ Mark 2
• Meristem apical or axillary is excised. ½ Mark
• Explant grown in a test tube under sterile condition/special nutrient medium
½+½ = 1 Mark

11. • RNA interference ½ Mark 2

• silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary RNA ½ Mark
• dsRNA/Introduction of DNA was such that it produced both sense/ and anti-sense RNA in
the host cells/these two RNAs formed dsRNA that initiated RNAi 1 Mark

12. 2

The pyramid is inverted because the biomass of fishes is much more than that of the zooplankton
and phytoplankton. 1+1= 2 Marks

Section C

13. 3

(Diagram =1 Mark )
(Any four labellings ½ x 4=2)
14. Failure of segregation of chromatids during cell division cycle results in the gain or loss of a 3
chromosome(s) ( aneuploidy) (1 Mark)
Autosomes:-
Down’s Syndrome: The cause is the presence of an additional copy of the chromosome number
21 (trisomy of 21). (½ Mark)

The affected individual is

• short statured with small round head,
• furrowed tongue and partially open mouth
• Palm is broad with characteristic palm crease.
• Physical, psychomotor and mental development is retarded.
(Any one symptom ½ Mark)
Sex chromosomes:-
Klinefelter’s Syndrome : This is caused due to the presence of an additional copy of X-
chromosome resulting into a karyotype of 47, XXY. ½ Mark

Such an individual has overall masculine development

• has overall masculine development
• feminine development is also expressed by the development of breast/ Gynaecomastia).
Such individuals are sterile.
(Any one symptom ½ Mark)
If students give the example of Turner’s Syndrome, it should be considered and marks given.
OR
a) i. point mutation/ single base substitution ½
Mark ii. point mutation/ single base deletion ½
Mark
b) i 4 aminoacids 1
Mark
ii 4 aminoacids 1 Mark
15. In some species, the diploid egg cell is formed without reduction division and develops into the 3
embryo without fertilization. 1 Mark
In many Citrus and Mango varieties some of the nucellar cells surrounding the embryo sac start
dividing, protrudes into the embryo sac and develops into the embryos. In such species each ovule
contains many embryos. 2 Mark
16. a.) Chemical evolution – First form of life originated from pre-existing non-living organic 3
molecules.
b.) Amino acids
c.) H2 1x3 =3 Mark
 17. a.) 3
Amino acid Phe Val
DNA Code in Gene AAA CAC
Codon in mRNA i)UUU ii)GUG
Anticodon in tRNA iii)AAA iv)CAC
1Mark
b.)
i) A polypeptide containing 14 different amino acid = 14x3=42 base pairs. 1Mark ii)
14 different types of RNA are needed for the synthesis of polypeptide. 1Mark
18. Advantages:-Inbreeding is necessary if we want to evolve a pure line in any animal. 3
• It helps in accumulation of superior genes and elimination of less desirable genes
• Inbreeding exposes harmful recessive genes that are to be eliminated by selection.
• Where there is selection at each step, it increases the productivity of inbred population.
(Any two 1 Mark each)
Disadvantages:- •
reduces fertility
• decreases productivity.
(Any two ½ x2=1 Mark)

19. Specific Bt toxin genes isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis is incorporated into cotton is coded by 3
the genes cryIAc and cryIIAb that control the cotton bollworms (½ + ½ = 1 Mark)
• Bacillus forms protein crystals that contain a toxic insecticidal protein.
• once an insect ingest the inactive toxin, it is converted into an active form
• The toxin in the form of crystals gets solubilised due to alkaline pH in the gut
• The activated toxin binds to the surface of gut epithelial cells and perforate the walls
causing the death of insect larva (½ x2=2 Marks)

20. criteria for determining biodiversity hot spots are: – 3

• high levels of species richness (1
Mark)
• High degree of endemism. (1
Mark) hotspots In India - Western Ghats, Himalaya (Indo-Burma/Sunderland to be accepted)
(Any 2) (½+½ = 1Mark)
OR
In-situ Conservation– Threatened /endangered plants and animals are provided with urgent
measures to save from extinction within their natural habitat and they are protected and allowed
to grow naturally.
Example- wildlife sanctuaries/ national parks /biosphere reserves/ sacred groves
(Any one example) (½ Mark, 1 Mark for difference)
Ex-situ Conservation –Threatened animals and plants are taken out from their natural
habitat and placed in a setting where they can be protected and given care
Example- in botanical gardens/ zoological gardens/ seed/pollen/gene banks
(Any one example) (½ Mark, 1 Mark for difference )
 21. (a) To maintain the cells in their physiologically most active log/exponential phase. 1 Mark 3
(b) Temperature, pH, substrate, salts, vitamins, oxygen (Any 4) (½ x4 =2 Mark)

Section D
22. a.) Each primary spermatocyte will undergo meiosis-I and meiosis-2 which will result in 4 3
spermatozoa
300 million/4=75 million 1 Mark
b) Since replication has occurred by this stage
46x2 = 92 chromatids 1 Mark
Meiosis –I is completed by this time 92/2 =46 chromatids -

1 Mark

23. a) Vigorous growth of useful aerobic microbes into flocs. 1 Mark 3

b) Activated sludge – some of it is pumped back into the aeration tank to serve as the inoculum
½ + ½ Mark
c) During this digestion, a mixture of gases such as methane, hyrogensulphide is made and carbon
dioxide. These gases form biogas. 1 Mark

24. Platinum-pallidium Rhodium (Any two ½ +½ = 1Mark) 3

CO2,H20 and CO [any 2] ½ + ½=1 Mark
Nitric oxide 1 Mark

Section E

25. Polygenic inheritance 1 Mark 5

• If we assume skin colour is controlled by three genes A, B, C
• Dominant forms (A,B,C) are responsible for dark skin colour and recessive form (a, b, c) for
light skin colour 1 Mark
• The genotype with all dominant alleles (AABBCC) will be darkest skin colour and with
recessive alleles will be light test skin colour (aabbcc) (1+1=2 Marks)
 • The genotypes (AaBbCc) will be of intermediate skin colour i.e. with three dominant alleles
and three recessive alleles 1 Mark
OR
• The sequences were arranged based on some overlapping regions present in them (Alignment of
these sequences was not humanly possible) 1Mark
• Therefore, specialized computer based programme was developed. 1Mark
• These sequences were subsequently annotated and were assigned to each chromosome-1Mark
• Chromosome 1 1Mark
• Caenorhabditis elegans 1Mark

26. a) Inducing mutation artificially using chemicals /radiations /and selecting plants with 5
desirable characters ½ x 2 = 1Ma rk
Mung Bean 1Mark
Yellow mosaic virus 1Mark

b) AQUACULTURE PISCICULTURE
1. It involves production and culturing of all Production and culturing of fishes is called
types of aquatic organisms in water bodies. pisciculture. 1x2= 2 Mark
OR
a) AIDS caused by the Human Immuno deficiency Virus (½+½= 1 Mark)
b) Vaccines prevent microbial infections by initiating production of antibodies against these
antigens to neutralise the pathogenic agents during later actual infection. (1/2)
The vaccines also generate memory – B and T-cells that recognize the pathogen quickly on
subsequent exposure. (1/2) 1 Mark
c) Normal cells show a property called contact inhibition by virtue of which contact with other
cells inhibits their uncontrolled growth. Cancer cells appear to have lost this property.(1)
These cells grow very rapidly, invading and damaging the surrounding normal tissues. Cells
sloughed from such tumors reach distant sites through blood, and wherever they get lodged
in the body, they start a new tumor there. This property called metastasis. (1)
2 Marks

d) Physiological barriers : Acid in the stomach and saliva in the mouth. ½ Mark
27. 5

(Marks to be given only if relative contribution is correct) (½ x 4 = 2 Marks )

Pie chart - ½ Marks to be detected if not given in form of pie chart

Clouds and gases reflect one-fourth of incoming solar radiation/absorb some of it/but almost half of
incoming solar radiation falls on Earth’s surface heating it/while a small is reflected backs/Earth’s
surface re-emits heat in the form of infra red radiation/but part of this does not escape into space as
atmospheric gases absorb a major fraction of it.
(½ x 6 points = 3 Marks)
OR
(a) – Amensalism (1 Mark)
(b) – Predation (1 Mark)
Justifications-
• Nature’s way of transferring energy fixed by plants to higher trophic levels/conduits for energy
transfer.
• Keep prey population under control
• Predators help in maintaining species diversity in a community, by reducing the intensity of
competition among competing prey species.
(1x3 Points = 3 Marks)
 Sample Question Paper-3
Class XII
Biology (044)

Time allowed: 3hrs. Maximum

Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are a total of 26 questions and five sections in the question paper. All
questions are compulsory.
2. Section A contains question number 1 to 5, Very Short Answer type questions
of one mark each.
3. Section B contains question number 6 to 10, Short Answer type I questions
of two marks each.
4. Section C contains question number 11 to 22, Short Answer type II questions
of three marks each.
5. Section D contains question number 23, Value Based Question of four marks.
6. Section E contains question number 24 to 26, Long Answer type questions
of five marks each.
7. There is no overall choice in the question paper, however, an internal choice
is provided in one question of two marks, one question of three marks and
all three questions of five marks. An examinee is to attempt any one of the
questions out of the two given in the question paper with the same question
number.

Section – A

1. A tissue, of a tobacco plant, infected with TMV was used to obtain a new plant. 1
Identify the technique used and reason out the possibility of obtaining a new
healthy plant.

2. State a method of cellular defense which works in all eukaryotic organisms

1

3. In case of an infertile couple, the male partner can inseminate normally but the
1 mobility of sperms is below 40 percent. Which kind of ART is suitable in this
situation to form an embryo in the laboratory conditions, without involving a
donor?
4. Write the two components of the first artificial recombinant DNA molecule 1
constructed by Cohen and Boyer.
5. A cross was carried out between two pea plants showing the contrasting traits
of 1 height of the plant. The result of the cross showed 50% of parental
characters.
 Name the type of cross.
Section B

6. The alarming population growth is leading to scarcity of basic requirements. 2

Suggest with reasons, any two population control measures other than
contraception to address the situation.
7. During a cytological study conducted on the chromosomes of the insects, it was
2 observed that only 50% of the sperms had a specific structure after
spermatogenesis. Name the structure and write its significance in sex
determination of insects.
8. To reduce the percentage of population suffering from hunger and malnutrition,
2 microbes are grown on a large scale to act as food supplements. Mention any
two microbes used as food supplement and suggest their role.

OR
Success rate of artificial insemination in cattle is fairly low. Identify any
other technique to improve the successful production of hybrids. State two
advantages of this technique.
9. (a) A patient who had an organ transplant was given cyclosporin– A. Mention
the 2 microbial source and state the reason for administration of this bioactive
molecule.
(b) Bottled fruit juices bought from the market are clearer as compared to
those made at home. Give reason.
10. Evaluate the effect of loss of biodiversity in a region. Mention any four such 2
effects.
Section C

11. Draw the diagram of microsporangium of an Angiosperm and label any four
parts 3 State the function of its innermost wall layer.
12. Give reason : - 3
(a) A liverwort plant is unable to complete its life cycle in a dry environment.
(b) Number of male gametes produced is much more than the female gametes
produced.
(c) Organisms exhibiting external fertilization show great synchrony between
the sexes and release a large number of gametes into surrounding medium.
13. (a) Name the different gases contained in the flask used as an experimental 3
setup by S.L. Miller.
(b) On the basis of composition of gases in this experiment, what was the
condition in the flask?
(c) Write the conclusion drawn from this experiment.
14. When a snapdragon plant bearing pink colour flower was selfed, it was found 3
that, 69 plants were having red coloured flowers. What would be the number of
plants bearing pink flower and white flower. Show with the help of Punnett
square. Identity the principle of inheritance involved in this experiment
15. Refer to the figure given below and answer the questions that follow:
 (a) Explain the process by which Tasmanian wolf evolved.
(b) Name the process that has resulted in evolution of wolf and Tasmanian 1+1+1
wolf.
(c) Compare and contrast the two animals shown?
16. Your classmate complains of headache and cough. On the basis of certain 3
symptoms, the doctor confirms that he is suffering from Pneumonia and not
common cold. List these symptoms. Mention any two precautions to be
followed to prevent the spread of this disease.
17. Cow dung and water is mixed and this slurry is fed into the biogas plant for 3
digestion by microbes. The person performing the process shares that there
is no need to provide any inoculum for it. Give reason. What is the role of
microbes at the source? Under which condition will they be most active and
effective?
18. A person is born with a weakened immune system due to deficiency of an 3
enzyme which is a hereditary disease. Suggest a technique to completely
cure this disease, identify the deficient enzyme and explain the technique
used, for cure.
19. A doctor prescribed morphine as a sedative and pain killer to your cousin who 3
had undergone a surgery. Even after recovery, he indiscriminately took the
medicines and later craved for the same. What do you conclude about his
condition? What measures will you suggest to him to overcome this problem?
Briefly explain any two.
20. Given below is the diagram of agarose gel kept under UV light: 3

(a) Mention the positive and negative terminals.

(b) What is the charge carried by DNA molecule and how does it help in its
separation?
 (c) How are the separated DNA fragments finally isolated?
1+1+1

OR
CryIAbis introduced in a plant to prevent infestation by corn borer.
(a) What is the resultant plant referred as?
(b) Summarize the action of the gene introduced
½ +2½
21. (a) In pBR322, foreign DNA has to be introduced in tetRregion. From the 2+1
restriction enzymes given below, which one should be used and why: PvuI,
EcoRI, BamHI
(b) Give reasons, why the other two enzymes cannot be used.
22. The graph given below shows the distribution of biomes: 1+1+1

(a) What do the ‘X’ and ‘Y’ axis represent?

(b) Identify the ‘grassland’ and ‘coniferous forest’ biomes, from the above figure.
(c) Why is ‘F’ located at the given position in the graph?
Section D

23. A son persuades his father to replace his old mobile phone with the latest
model 4 launched in the market. He also shares the latest features it has and
explains how it can be of a help to him in the modern technological world.
Father is reluctant in buying a new one and tries to explain about its
environmental impact. How do you think, the biologist father would try to
convince his son? Justify the arguments of father and son both, by mentioning
positive aspects of the behavior displayed by both of them in the situation
concerned (three each).
Section E

24. Given below is the diagram of a human ovum surrounded by a few sperms. 5
Observe the diagram and answer the following questions:

(a) Compare the fate of sperms shown in the diagram.

(b) What is the role of zona pellucid in this process?
(c) Analyze the changes occurring in the ovum during the process.
(d) How is the entry of sperm into the ovum facilitated?
(e) Specify the region of female reproductive system where the event
represented in the diagram takes place.

OR
The graph given below shows the variation in the levels of ovarian hormones
during various phases of menstrual cycle:

Identify ‘A’ and ‘B’.

(a)
Specify the source of the hormone marked in the diagram.
(b)
Reason out why A peaks before B.
(c)
Compare the role of A and B.
(d)
Under which condition will the level of B continue to remain high on the
(e)
28thday?
25. Explain the process of protein synthesis from processed m-RNA.
5 OR
Which methodology is used while sequencing the total DNA from a cell?
Explain it in detail.
26. Taking the example of a lake as a simple aquatic ecosystem, interpret how 5
various functions of this ecosystem are carried out. Make a food chain that is
functional in this ecosystem.
5
OR
a) Colonization of a rocky terrain is a natural process. Mention the group of
organisms which invade this area first. Give an example.
b) Over the years, it has been observed that some of the lakes are disappearing
due to urbanization. In absence of human interference, depict by making a
flow chart, how do the successional seres progress from hydric to mesic
condition.
c) Identify the climax community of hydrarch and xerarch succession.
1+3½+ ½
 Sample Question Paper -5
Class XII
Biology (044)

Time allowed: 3 hrs. Maximum

Marks: 70

General Instructions:
1. There are a total of 27 questions and five sections in the question paper. All questions
are compulsory.
2. Section A contains question numbers 1 to 5, multiple choice questions of one mark
each.
Section B contains question numbers 6 to 12, short answer type I questions of two
marks each. Section C contains question numbers 13 to 21, short answer type II
questions of three marks each.
Section D contains question number 22 to 24, case-based short answer type
questions of three marks each.
Section E contains question numbers 25 to 27, long answer type questions of five
marks each.
3. There is no overall choice in the question paper. However, internal choices are
provided in two questions of one mark, one question of two marks, two questions of
three marks and all three questions of five marks. An examinee is to attempt any one
of the questions out of the two given in the question paper with the same question
number.

SECTION – A

1. Androgens are synthesized by: 1 a.) Sertoli Cells

b.) Leydig cells
c.) Seminal vesicles
d.) Bulbourethral gland
OR

A procedure that finds use in testing for genetic disorders, but is also misused for
female foeticide is:
a.) Lactational amenorrhea
b.) Amniocentesis
c.) Artificial insemination
d.) Parturition
2. Which type of immune response is responsible for the rejection of tissues/organs
in 1 the patient’s body post transplantation? a.) auto-immune response
b.) humoral immune response
c.) physiological immune response
d.) cell-mediated immune response
OR

Rheumatoid arthritis is caused

when . . . i.) Lymphocytes become
more active
ii.) Body attacks self cells
iii.) More antibodies are produced in the body
iv.) The ability to differentiate pathogens or foreign molecules from self-cells
is lost
Choose the correct answer from the options given
below: a.) i and ii
b.) iii and iv
c.) i and iii
d.) ii and iv

3. Name the enzymes 'P' and 'Q' that are involved in the processes given below. 1

a.) Enzyme P-Exonuclease and Enzyme Q-Permease

b.) Enzyme P-Exonuclease and Enzyme Q- Ligase
c.) Enzyme P-Endonuclease and Enzyme Q- Permease
d.) Enzyme P-Restriction endonuclease and Enzyme Q-Ligase
4. A biotechnologist wanted to create a colony of E.coli possessing the plasmid 1
pBR322, sensitive to Tetracycline. Which one of the following restriction sites would
he use to ligate a foreign DNA?
a.) Sal I
b.) Pvu I
c.) EcoRI
d.) Hind III

5. The most important cause of biodiversity loss is: 1

a.) Over exploitation of economic species
b.) Habitat loss and fragmentation
c.) Invasive species
d.) Breakdown of plant-pollinator relationships

SECTION B

6. How does an encysted Amoeba reproduce on return of favourable conditions?

2 OR
What are gemmules and conidia? Name one organism each in which these are
formed?

7. Name any two copper releasing IUD’s. State how they act as a contraceptive. 2

8. Why is it not possible to study the pattern of inheritance of traits in human beings, 2
the same way as it is done in pea plant? Name the alternate method employed for
such an analysis of human traits.

9. Carefully examine structures A and B of pentose sugar given below. Which one of 2
the two is more reactive? Give reasons.
 A B
10. Name the technology and write the procedure that can help a scientist to recover 2
virus free sugarcane plants from diseased canes for his crop breeding experiments.

11. Explain the events that occur in the host cell on introduction of nematode-resistant
2 gene into the tobacco plant by using Agrobacterium vectors.

12. Construct a pyramid of biomass starting with phytoplankton. Label its three trophic
2 levels. Is the pyramid upright or inverted? Justify your answer.

SECTION C

13. Draw a well-labelled diagram of L.S of a pistil of a flower showing the passage of 3
growing of pollen tube up to its destination.

14. How does gain or loss of chromosome(s) takes place in humans? Describe one 3
example each of chromosomal disorder along with the symptoms involving an
autosome and a sex chromosome.
OR
A small stretch of DNA strand that codes for a polypeptide is shown
below: 3'--- --- --- --- CAT CAT AGA TGA AAC--- --- --- --- 5'
a.) Which type of mutation could have occurred in each type resulting in the
following mistakes during replication of the above original sequence?
i. 3`… … … …CAT CAT AGA TGA ATC… … …5`
ii. 3`… … … …CAT ATA GAT GAA AC… … … 5`

b.) How many amino acids will be translated from each of the above strands
i) and ii)?

15. 3
 a.) State the hypothesis which S.L. Miller tried to prove in the laboratory with
the help of the set up given above.
b.) Name the organic compound observed by him in the liquid water at the
end of his experiment.
c.) A scientist simulated a similar set up and added CH4, NH3 and water vapour
at 800℃. Mention the important component that is missing in his experiment?

16.

a.) Study the table given below and identify (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) 3

Amino acid Phe Val

DNA Code in Gene AAA CAC
Codon in mRNA (i) (ii)
Anticodon in tRNA (iii) (iv)

b.) A polypeptide consists of 14 different amino acids.

i) How many base pairs must be there in the processed mRNA that
codes for this polypeptide? ii) How many different types of tRNA are
needed for the synthesis of this polypeptide?

17.
How is inbreeding advantageous as well as disadvantageous in cattle breeding 3
programme? (Mention any two advantages and two disadvantages )

18.
“Specific Bt Toxin gene is incorporated into cotton plant so as to control infestation 3 of
Bollworm”. Mention the organism from which the gene was isolated and explain its mode
of action.

19.
State any two criteria for determining biodiversity hotspots. Name any two hotspots 3
designated in India.
OR
Differentiate between in-situ and ex-situ approaches for conserving biodiversity.
Give an example for each.

21. When the gene product is required in large amounts, the transformed bacteria with
3 the plasmid inside the bacteria are cultured on a large scale in an industrial
fermenter which then synthesizes the desired protein. This product is extracted
from the fermenter for commercial use.
a.) Why is the used medium drained out from one side while fresh medium is
added from the other? Explain.
 b.) List any four optimum conditions for achieving the desired product in a
bioreactor.
SECTION D

22. 3

With reference to the above schematic representation of (a) Spermatogenesis and (b)
Oogenesis answer the following questions:
a.) About 300 million spermatozoa may be present in a human male
ejaculation at one time. Calculate how many spermatocytes will be
involved to produce 300 spermatozoa.
b.) How many chromatids are found during Oogenesis in (i) Primary oocyte and
(ii) First polar body in a human female?
23.
Large quantities of sewage is generated everyday in cities and towns, which is treated 3
in Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) to make it less polluted. Given below is the flow
diagram of one of the stages of STP.
Observe the given flow diagram and answer the questions accordingly.

Primary effluent is passed into large aeration

tank
 Effluent passed into settling tank to
form the sediment

a.) Why primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks?

b.) Write the technical term used for the sediment formed? Mention its significance.
c.) Explain the final step that results in the formation of biogas in the large tank
before the treated effluent is released into water bodies.

24. 3

Observe the diagram of the catalytic converter and answer the questions which
follow: a.) Name any two metals used as catalyst in the catalytic converter.
b.) Name the gases that are released after passing the exhaust hydrocarbons
through the catalytic converter.
c.) Name the other poisonous gas which is missing (?) in the exhaust pollutant of an
automobile in the above diagram?

SECTION E

25.
Certain phenotypes in human population are spread over a gradient and reflect the 5
contribution of more than two genes. Mention the term used for the type of inheritance?
Describe it with the help of an example in human population.
OR
Summarize the process by which the sequence of DNA bases in Human
Genome Project was determined using the method developed by Frederick
 Sanger. Name a free living non-pathogenic nematode whose DNA has been
completely sequenced.

26. a.) What is mutation breeding? Give an example of a crop and disease to which 5
resistance was induced by this method.
b.) Differentiate between pisci-culture and aquaculture.

OR
a.) If a patient is advised anti-retroviral drug, name the possible infection he/
she is likely to be suffering from. Name the causative organism.
b.) How do vaccines prevent subsequent microbial infection by the same
pathogen?
c.) How does a cancerous cell differ from a normal cell?
d.) Many microbial pathogens enter the gut of humans along with food. Name
the physiological barrier that protects the body from such pathogens.

27. “Indiscriminate human activities have strengthened the greenhouse effect

resulting in 5 Global Warming.” Give the relative contribution of various Green
House Gases in the form of a pie chart and explain the fate of the energy of sunlight
reaching the earth’s surface contributing towards Global Warming.

OR
Given below is a table depicting population interactions between species A and
species B.
Type of interaction Species A Species B
(a) (-) (+)
(b) (+) (-)

Name the types of interactions (a) and (b) in the above table.
Justify giving three reason, how the type of interaction (b) is important in an
ecological context.

xxxxxxxxxx
 Sample Question Paper III
CLASS: XII
Biology (044)

MARKING SCHEME

TIME: 3HOURS MM: 70

SECTION A

1. Tissue culture using meristematic tissue as it is virus free ½+ ½ =1

2. RNA interference ½+ ½ =1

3. Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection ½+ ½ =1

(No marks for abbreviation - ICSI)
4. Answer:-The use of a thermostable DNA polymerase Thermus aquaticus which 1
remain active during the high temperature induced denaturation of double stranded
DNA.
5. Frequency of recombination will be higher ½+ ½ =1

6. Population control measures other than contraception are: 2

- Advertisements in the media, to generate awareness
- Statutory raising of marriageable age of the female to 18 years and
that of males to 21 years, to delay the number of births
- Incentives given to couples with small families, to motivate others
to comply
(Any two of the above measures with explanation)
7. Down’s syndrome is due to Trisomy of chromosome number 21, total number of ½x4=2
chromosome is 47
Turner’s syndrome is due to monosomy of the X -Chromosome, total number of
chromosome is 45
8. Spirulina – 2
Produces large quantities of food rich in protein, minerals, fats, carbohydrates and
vitamins. Methylophilus methylotrophus –
250 gm of this microorganism produces 25 tonnes of protein per day
1x2=2
 SECTION B
OR

Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology 1

increases herd size, in a short time ½ x2
=1
9. a) Streptokinase, Streptococcus 1+1=2
b) Curd contains Lactic Acid Bacteria, which play beneficial role
in checking disease causing microbes. It is a source of vitamin B12 .

10. - Decline in plant production/Decline in number of animal species ½x4=2

- Lowered resistance to environmental perturbations such as drought
- Increased variability in certain ecosystem processes such as plant
productivity/ water use / pest & disease cycles
- Species may become endangered/increased rate of species extinction

SECTION C
11. 3

(Any four of the labels) ½ x4

=2

Tapetum nourishes the developing pollen grains 1

12. a) Isogametes 1 3
b) Fertilization and zygote ½ x2
=1
c)Cladophora / Clamydomonas
1
13. ½ x6=3

(Any six different labels)

14. a) Axial position ½

b)
½

c) ¼ ½ ¼
1
15. a) Adaptive radiation - The process of evolution of different species in a given 3
geographical area starting from a point and literally radiating to other areas of
geography (habitats).
b) Convergent evolution
c) Wolf is a placental mammal, whereas Tasmanian wolf is a marsupial mammal
16. Doctor confirms pneumonia on the basis of the following symptoms - fever/chills/grey 3
- blue lips and finger nails (any two);
and not common cold as the following symptoms are not observed - Nasal

congestion/sore throat/hoarseness (any two)

Precautions –
1) Cover the nose when near the patient
2) Do not share glasses and utensils / articles used by the infected person
17. Methanogens are present in Cow dung. 3
Breakdown of cellulose
Anaerobic condition
18. Gene Therapy 3
ADA (Adenosine deaminase) deficiency
Lymphocytes from the blood of the patient are grown in a culture, a functional ADA
cDNA is introduced into these lymphocytes, which are subsequently returned to the
patient. The permanent cure is done by introducing ADA cDNA into cells at early
embryonic stages.
19. Drug dependence - is the tendency of the body to manifest a characteristic and 3
unpleasant withdrawal syndrome if regular dose of drugs is abruptly discontinued /
because of perceived benefits, drugs are frequently used repeatedly from which the
person may not be able to get out.

Measures:
- Education and counseling - to face problems and stresses/ to channelize the
energy into healthy pursuits like reading, music, yoga and other extracurricular
activities
- Seeking help from parents - to guide the person appropriately and
immediately - Seeking professional and medical help – to help the person to get rid of
the problem completely with sufficient efforts and will power
(any two)
20. a) Positive terminal - ‘B’ ½ x2 3
=1
Negative terminal - ‘A’

b) DNA being negatively charged, moves towards the positive ½

x 2 = 1 electrode (anode)

c) By elution - separated bands of DNA are cut out from the

½ x 2 = 1 agarose gel and extracted from the gel piece

OR

a) Bt corn
½
b) Cry I Ab/ Bt toxin gene codes for crystal protein; the Bttoxin protein exists as
an inactive protein, but once an insect ingests it, it gets converted into an active form
due to the alkaline pH of the gut which solubilizes the crystal. The activated toxin
 binds to the surface of mid gut and creates pores that cause swelling, lysis and
eventually death of
the insect. ½ x5
= 2½

21. a) Bam HI should be used, as restriction site for this enzyme is present in tetR 3
region
b) PvuI will not be used, as restriction site for this enzyme is present in ampR
region (not in tetR)
EcoRI will not be used, as restriction site for this enzyme is not present in selectable
marker tetR
22. a) ‘X’ axis - Mean annual precipitation (cm) ½ x2 3
=1
‘Y’ axis - Mean annual temperature (0C)

b) Grassland - B ½ x2=1
Coniferous forest - E

c) The mean annual temperature ranges from -12 to 20C (error accepted ± 2)
and mean annual precipitation ranges from 10 - 125 cm, these are the optimum
conditions in tundra biome ½ x2=1
SECTION -D
23. Father explains that it will lead to generation of e - waste; 4
Difficulty in recycling e - waste / hazardous nature of recycling of e - waste /
exposing workers to toxic substances present in e - waste (Any one) 1

Son’s wish to update his father with modern techniques, Awareness about trends
and technologies, well versed with their applicability in daily life (any other similar
/ appropriate values) ½ x3=
1½

Concern for environment, scientific thinking, inquisitive nature, social awareness,

judicious use of money, sense of responsibility (any other similar /appropriate
values) ½ x 3 = 1½

SECTION –E
24. a) A is able to penetrate/ fertilize the ovum, whereas B and C are unable to 5
penetrate/ fertilize // B and C will degenerate ½ x2=1

b) Zona pellucida ensures the entry of only one sperm into the ovum 1

c) Induces completion of meiotic division of the secondary oocyte, formation of

second polar body and a haploid ovum ½ x2=1

d)Enzymes of acrosome help (½ mark if only ‘acrosome’ is written) 1

e) Ampullary - isthmic junction of the fallopian tube1 1

OR

a) A - Estrogen ½ x2=1
B - Progesterone

b) A - Maturing ovarian follicle / Graafian follicle ½ x2

= 1 B - Corpus luteum

c) Formation of Graaffian follicle (releases estrogen) is followed by the formation

of corpus luteum (releases progesterone) 1

d) Role of A (Estrogen) - leads to changes in the ovary and uterus / regeneration of

endometrium through proliferation ½

Role of B (Progesterone) - Maintenance of endometrium for implantation of the

fertilized ovum/ maintenance of other events of pregnancy ½

e) In case of pregnancy 1
25. For initiation, the ribosome binds to the mature m RNA at the start codon (AUG) 5
that is recognized by the initiator t - RNA. During elongation, charged t RNA
sequentially binds to the appropriate codon in m- RNA with the aniticodon present
on tRNA. The ribosome moves from one codon to another adding amino acids one
after the other to form polypeptide, i.e. translation. During termination, the release
factor binds to stop codon (UAA, UAG, UGA), terminating translation and
releasing the polypeptide chain. ½ x 10 = 5
OR
Methodology used -
Sequence Annotation - total DNA from a cell is isolated, ½ x2=1
converted into random fragments of relatively smaller sizes ½ and
cloned in suitable host using specialized vectors. ½ The cloning
results in amplification of each piece of DNA fragment. ½ The fragments
are sequenced using automated DNA sequencers, ½ these sequences
are then arranged based on some overlapping regions (present in
them). ½
This requires generation of overlapping fragments (for sequencing). ½
Specialized computer based programmes are developed, and ½
these sequences are subsequently annotated and assigned to each chromosome. ½
26. i) Productivity - conversion of inorganic into organic material with the help of 5
solar energy by the autotrophs ½ x2=1

ii) Energy flow - unidirectional movement of energy towards higher trophic

level (and its dissipation and loss as heat to the environment) ½ x2
=1

iii) Decomposition - fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification,

mineralization by bacteria, fungi and flagellates (abundant at the bottom of lake)
½ x2=1

iv) Nutrient cycling - decomposition of dead matter to release the nutrients back
to
be re-used by the autotrophs ½ x2=1
Food chain in aquatic ecosystem (lake) 1

Phytoplanktons Zooplanktons Small fish Big fish

(Any other appropriate example)

OR

a) Pioneer species, lichen ½

x2=1

b) Phytoplankton - hydric ½ x

7 = 3½ Submerged plant stage

Submerged free floating plant stage

Reed swamp stage

Marsh - meadow stage

Scrub stage

Forest stage - Mesic

c) Forest ½
 Sample Question Paper 2
Class XII
Biology (044)

Time allowed: 3hrs. Maximum

Marks: 70

General Instructions:

1. There are a total of 26 questions and five sections in the question paper. All
questions are compulsory.

2. Section A contains question number 1 to 5, Very Short Answer type questions of one
mark each.

3. Section B contains question number 6 to 10, Short Answer type I questions of two
marks each.

4. Section C contains question number 11 to 22, Short Answer type II questions of

three marks each.

5. Section D contains question number 23, Value Based Question of four marks.

6. Section E contains question number 24 to 26, Long Answer type questions of five
marks each.

7. There is no overall choice in the question paper, however, an internal choice is

provided in one question of two marks, one question of three marks and all three
questions of five marks. An examinee is to attempt any one of the questions out of
the two given in the question paper with the same question number.

Section - A
1. A certain tissue, of a plant, infected with TMV was used to obtain a new plant using tissue
culture technique. Identify the technique used and reason out the possibility of obtaining
a new healthy plant.
1

2. State a method of cellular defense which works in all eukaryotic organisms.

1

3. In case of an infertile couple, the male partner can inseminate normally but the mobility
of sperms is below 40 percent. Judge, which kind of ART is suitable in this situation to
form an embryo in the laboratory, without involving a donor? 1
4. PCR requires very high temperature conditions where most of the enzymes get
denatured. How
was this problem resolved in a PCR?
1

5. If two genes are located far apart from each other on a chromosome, what will be its effect
on the
frequency of recombination? 1

Section - B
6. The alarming population growth is leading to scarcity of basic requirements. Suggest with
reason, any two population control measures other than contraception to address the
situation. 2

7. Both Down’s syndrome and Turner’s syndrome are examples of chromosomal disorders.
Cite the
differences between the two, at the chromosomal level.
2

8.To reduce the percentage of population suffering from hunger and malnutrition,
microbes are grown on a large scale to act as food supplements. Mention any two microbes
used as food
supplement and suggest their role.
2

OR
Success rate of artificial insemination in cattle is fairly low. Identify any other technique to
improve the successful production of hybrids. State two advantages of this technique.

9. a) A patient who is suffering from myocardial infarction is given a clot buster as part of
his treatment. Mention the clot buster administered and its microbial source.
b) A person recuperating from illness is advised to have curd regularly. Why?
1+1

10. Assess the effects of loss of biodiversity in a region. Mention any four such effects.
2

Section – C

11. Draw and label the enlarged view of microsporangium of an Angiosperm. State the
function of
its innermost wall layer. 3

12.
a) State the type of gametes shown in the diagram above.
b) Identify the process taking place and the resultant structure.
c) Name an organism that reproduces in this manner.
1+1+1

13. Diagrammatically represent the experimental set up that proved Oparin - Haldane
hypothesis.
3

14. True-breeding pea plants showing contrasting character for flower position were cross-
bred.
a) Mention the position of flowers in F1 generation.
b) Work out the cross up to F2 generation.
c) Compute the relative fraction of various genotypes in the F2 generation?
1+1+1

15. Refer to the figure given below and answer the questions that follow:

a) Explain the process by which Tasmanian wolf evolved.

b) Name the process that has resulted in evolution of wolf and another similar animal such
as Tasmanian wolf.
c) Compare and contrast the two animals shown?
1+1+1
16. Your classmate complains of headache and cough. The doctor confirms that he is
suffering from Pneumonia and not common cold, on the basis of certain symptoms. List
these symptoms. Mention
any two precautions to be followed to prevent the spread of this disease.
3

17. Cow dung and water is mixed and this slurry is fed into the biogas plant for digestion by
microbes. The person performing the process shares that there is no need to provide
inoculum for it, why? What is the role of microbes at the source? Under which condition
will they be most active and effective?
3

18. A person is born with a hereditary disease with a weakened immune system due to
deficiency of an enzyme. Suggest a technique for complete cure for this disease, identify
the deficient enzyme
and explain the technique used for cure.
3

19. A doctor prescribed morphine as a sedative and pain killer to your cousin who had
undergone surgery. Even after recovery, he craved for the prescribed medicine. What do
you conclude about his condition, had he continued with the same medication? After
appraising yourself, what measures will you suggest to him to overcome this problem?
Briefly explain any two.
3

20. Given below is the diagram of agarose gel kept under UV light:

a) Mark the positive and negative

terminals.
b) What is the charge carried by DNA molecule and how does it help in its separation?
c) How are the separated DNA fragments finally isolated? 1+1+1

OR
CryIAbis introduced in a plant to prevent infestation by corn
borer. a) What is the resultant plant referred as?
b) Summarize the action of the gene introduced. ½
+2½

21. a) In pBR322, foreign DNA has to be introduced in tetR region. From the restriction
enzymes given below, which one should be used and why:
PvuI, EcoRI, BamHI
b) Give reasons, why the other two enzymes cannot be used.
2+1

22. The graph given below shows the distribution of biomes:

a) What do the ‘X’ and ‘Y’ axes represent?

b) Identify the ‘grassland’ and ‘coniferous forest’ biomes, from the above figure.
c) Why is ‘F’ located at the given position in the graph?
1+1+1
Section - D
23. A son persuades his father to replace his old mobile phone with the latest model
launched in the market. He also shares the latest features it has and explains how it can be
of a help to him in the modern technological world. Father is reluctant in buying a new one
and tries to explain about its environmental impact. How do you think, the biologist father
has tried to convince his son? Justify the arguments of father and son both, by mentioning
positive aspects of the behavior displayed by
both of them in the situation concerned (three each).
4

Section - E
24. Given below is the diagram of a human ovum surrounded by a few sperms. Observe the
diagram and answer the following questions:
a) Compare the fate of sperms shown in the diagram.
b) What is the role of zona pellucida in this process?
c) Analyze the changes occurring in the ovum during the process.
d) How is the entry of sperm into the ovum facilitated?
e) Specify the region of female reproductive system where the event represented in the
diagram
takes place.
1+1+1+1+1

OR
The graph given below shows the variation in the levels of ovarian hormones during
various phases of menstrual cycle:

a) Identify ‘A’ and ‘B’.

b) Specify the source of the hormone marked in the diagram.
c) Reason out why A peaks before B.
d) Compare the role of A and B.
e) Under which condition will the level of B continue to remain high on the 28thday?
1+1+1+1+1

25. Explain the process of protein synthesis from processed m-RNA.

5
 OR
Which methodology is used while sequencing the total DNA from a cell? Explain it in detail.
5

26. Citing lake as an example of a simple aquatic ecosystem, interpret how various
functions of this ecosystem are carried out. Make a food chain that is functional in this
ecosystem. 5

OR
a) Colonization of a rocky terrain is a natural process. Mention the group of organisms which
invade this area first. Give an example.
b) Over the years, it has been observed that some of the lakes are disappearing due to
urbanization. In absence of human interference, depict by making a flow chart, how do
the successional seres progress from hydric to mesic condition.
c) Identify the climax community of hydrarch and xerarch succession. 1+3½+
½
 Class: XII
Biology-044
Marking Scheme
MM: 70 TIME: 3
HOURS

SECTION-A

1. Microspore mother cells 25 x 4=100 pollen grains and from megaspore mother cells 25
ovules 1
respectively. ½ + ½ a mark each
OR
A-Haploid ; B-Diploid ½+
½ mark
2. Penicillium notatum 1

3. The prophase I stage of meiosis plays vital role in r-DNA formation because
crossing over 1 occurs at this stage which helps in recombination.

4. RNA interference 1

5. Diapause is a stage of suspended development in zooplanktons species under

unfavourable 1 conditions.
OR
Each trophic level has a certain mass of living material at a particular time
called as the standing crop. ½
+ ½ mark
SECTION-B
6. a) 2
a–Antigen binding site
b–Light chain ½ + ½ a mark each

b) B-lymphocytes (B-cells). 1mark

OR
Biofortification ½ a mark

a) Enhancing food quality with respect to protein -

• Maize hybrids that had twice the amount of the amino acids,
lysine and tryptophan, compared to existing maize hybrids were
developed. OR
 • Wheat variety, Atlas 66, having a high protein content, has been
used as a donor for improving cultivated wheat.
OR
• Protein enriched beans – broad, lablab, French and garden peas.
(any one ½
mark) b) Vitamin Enriched -
• Vitamin A Enriched Carrots, Spinach, Pumpkin;
OR
Vitamin C enriched bitter gourd, bathua, mustard, tomato.
(any one ½ mark)

c) Enrichment of Micro Nutrient And Mineral Content-

Iron and calcium enriched spinach and bathua ½a
mark

7. After addition of lactose, complete breakdown of lactose to glucose and galactose

takes place. 2 Therefore, there is no more lactose to bind to the repressor protein
and the lac operon shuts
down. 1 mark
A very low level of expression of lac operon has to be present in the cell all the
time, otherwise
lactose cannot enter the cells.
1 mark
8. a) Bacteriophages, because they have very high copy numbers of their genome
within the 2 bacterial cells whereas some plasmids may have only one or two
copies per cell and others
may have 15-100 copies per cell. 1 mark
b) Rosie, it produced human protein-enriched milk (2.4 Gms per litre).
1 mark

9. The thymus provides micro-environments for the development and maturation of

T- 2 lymphocytes. The T-cells themselves do not secrete antibodies but, they help
B cells produce them. Therefore, the immunity will be reduced. ½
x 4 =2 marks
OR
Keeping beehives in crop fields during flowering period increases pollination
efficiency and improves the yield– crop yield and honey yield.
1 +1 marks

10. Catalytic converters have expensive metals like platinum–palladium and

rhodium as 2
 catalysts. ½ a mark
• As the exhaust emission passes through the catalytic converter, unburnt
hydrocarbons are
converted into carbon dioxide and water. ½a
mark
• Carbon monoxide and nitric oxides are changed to carbon dioxide and nitrogen
gas
respectively. ½ a mark
• Unleaded petrol is the best fuel. ½ a mark

11. From the dihybrid cross, law of independent assortment can be derived which
states that, when 2 two pairs of traits are combined in a hybrid, segregation of one
pair of characters is independent of the other pair of characters.
1 + 1 mark

12. In Eichhornia the flowers emerge above the level of water and are pollinated by
insects 2
or wind. 1 mark
In Vallisneria, the female flower reaches the surface of water by the long stalk
and the male flowers or pollen grains are released on to the surface of water.
They are carried passively by water currents some of them eventually reach
the female flowers and the stigma. 1 mark

SECTION-C
[

13. (i) Nile perch introduced into Lake Victoria in East Africa led to the extinction of
Cichlids fish. 3
1 mark
(ii) Parthenium/Lantana/Eichhornia are invasive plants and pose a threat to
indigenous species.
1 mark
(iii) Introduction of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) to aquaculture is a
threat to Indian catfishes.
1 mark
14. The typical female gametophyte or embryo sac has three cells that are grouped
together at the 3 micropylar end and constitute the egg apparatus. The egg
apparatus, in turn, consists of two
synergids and one egg cell. 1
mark
Three cells are at the chalazal end and are called the antipodals.
½ a mark The large central cell, has two polar nuclei. .½ a mark
Thus, a typical angiosperm embryo sac, at maturity is 8-nucleate is
7-celled.
 1 mark

OR
• Integuments of ovules harden as tough protective seed coats
• The micropyle remains as a small pore in the seed coat
• As the seed matures, its water content is reduced
• Seeds become relatively dry (10-15 per cent moisture by mass).
• The general metabolic activity of the embryo slows down.
• The embryo may enter a state of inactivity called dormancy (½ X6=3)
15. 3

S.No. Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection De Vries Theory of Mutation

1. Minor variations cause evolution Mutation causes evolution

2. Darwinian variations are and Mutations are random

small directional. and directionless.
3. Evolution is gradual. Sudden mutations cause evolution.

1+1+1 mark
16. 3
 • Primary effluent is passed into large aeration tanks with constant
mechanical agitation and air supply. Useful aerobic microbes grow
rapidly and form flocs. 1mark
• Flocs while growing consume organic matter and thus reduce the
biochemical oxygen
demand (BOD), the effluent is passed into settling
tank.
1 mark
• The bacterial flocs settle at the bottom of the tank and it forms activated
sludge, a small part this is used as an inoculum in the aeration tank and
the remaining part is passed into large tanks called anaerobic sludge
digesters. 1 mark
OR
• Rhizobium bacteria present in the root nodules of leguminous plants forms
a symbiotic association and fixes atmospheric nitrogen into organic forms,
which is used by the plant as nutrient.
• Free-living bacteria in the soil Azospirillum and Azotobacter can fix
atmospheric nitrogen thus enriching the nitrogen content of the soil.
• Many members of the genus Glomus (Fungi) form mycorrhizal symbiotic
associations with higher plants in these, the fungal symbiont absorbs
phosphorus from soil and passes it to the plant.
• Cyanobacteria like Anabaena, Nostoc, Oscillatoria are autotrophic microbes
widely distributed in aquatic and terrestrial environments, which can fix
atmospheric nitrogen, also add organic matter to the soil and increase its
fertility.
(any three 1 mark each 1x3=3)

17.
a) The DNA fragments resolve according to their size through sieving effect provided by
3 the agarose gel. Hence, the smaller the fragment size, the farther it moves. 1 mark
b) The given agarose gel electrophoresis shows migration of undigested DNA
fragments in lane 1 and digested set of DNA fragments in lane 2 to 4.
1 mark
c) The separated DNA fragments can be visualized only after staining the DNA
with a compound known as ethidium bromide followed by exposure to UV
radiation. 1 mark

18.
As the male partner is suffering from low sperm count, Intracytoplasmic sperm injection
3 technique should be used to directly inject sperm into the ovum.
• As the female partner is having blockage in the fallopian tube, In vitro
fertilization, followed by embryo transfer (ET) will help her conceive.
• In this case, sperms from the male partner will be collected and injected
into the ovum of the female partner to form zygote under simulated
 conditions in the laboratory and embryo with more than 8 blastomeres
will be transferred into the uterus IUT – intra
uterine transfer, to complete its further development.
(1 x 3 = 3)

19. 3

2+1
marks
OR

a) Replication and Transcription . (½ + ½ a

mark each) b) If both the stands take part in transcription.
• one segment of DNA would be coding for two different proteins which will
complicate the genetic information machinery
• Two RNA molecules will be produced, complementary to each other, hence
form a
double stranded RNA. (1+1
=2 marks)
20. Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer Technology (MOET) will help the dairy
farmer for 3
increasing the yield of herd size of cattle in a short time. 1
mark
• In this method, a cow is administered hormones, with FSH-like activity, to
induce follicular maturation and super ovulation – instead of one egg, which
they normally yield
per cycle, they produce 6-8 eggs. 1 mark
• The animal is either mated with an elite bull or artificially inseminated.
½ a mark
• The fertilized eggs at 8–32 cells stages, are recovered non-surgically and
transferred to
surrogate mothers. ½
a mark
21. MNC wanted to encash on our rich legacy by bio piracy. 1 mark
3
• It leads to injustice, inadequate compensation and unauthorized
exploitation of
traditional knowledge of the country. 1
mark
 • Second amendment of the Indian Patents Bill takes into consideration
issues related with patent terms, emergency provisions, and research
&development initiative. 1 mark

22. (a) If the boy is suffering from Typhoid, then, the he should have sustained high
fever (39° to 3
40°C), weakness, stomach pain, constipation and headache. So It cannot be
typhoid. 1 mark (b) If the boy is suffering from Viral Fever he will suffer
from high fever, joint pain, weakness,
and headache, So It cannot be Viral Fever.
1 mark
(c) If the boy is suffering from Malaria he should have high fever recurring
with profuse sweating every three to four days associated with chills and
headache. There is a possibility that he is suffering from Malaria because high
fever associated with chills is possible with malaria. 1 mark

23. (a) Dominant. ½ a

mark 3
(b) Autosomal. ½ a mark
(c) Genotype of parents in generation I – Female – aa and Male – Aa. (½ + ½
mark each) Genotype of third child in generation II - Aa.
Genotype of first grandchild in generation III - Aa. (½ + ½ a
mark each)
OR
(a) Genotypes of member 4 – XX or XX h ½ a mark
each
Genotypes of member 5 – XhY ½ a mark
each
Genotypes of member 6 – XY ½ a mark
each
(b) The probability of first child to be a haemophilic male is 25%.1 mark for
punnets square + ½ for probability

24. a) Birth rate = No of in ivi uals orn Total no of in ivi uals = 40 /200 = 0.5 frogs
per 3
year. 1
mark
b) Number is not always a necessary parameter to measure population
density. Example –
1. If there are 200 Parthenium plants but only a single huge banyan tree
with a large canopy, the population density of banyan is low relative to
that of Parthenium which amounts to underestimating the enormous role
of the Banyan in that community. In such cases, the per cent cover or
biomass is a more meaningful measure of the population size.
 2. In a dense laboratory culture of a microbial population in a petri dish,
the total number of microbes is again not an easily adoptable measure
because population is huge, counting
is impossible and time-consuming. (1 +1
mark)

SECTION-D

25. Increase in the level of greenhouse gases has led to considerable heating of Earth
leading to 5 global warming, the temperature of Earth has increased by
0.6 oC most of it during the last three decades.
1½ marks El Nino effect is leading to increased melting of polar ice caps as well
as of other snow caps.
This has resulted in a rise in sea level that can submerge many coastal areas. 1½
marks
The measures include
• Cutting down use of fossil fuel,
• improving efficiency of energy usage
• reducing deforestation and planting trees
• Slowing down the growth of human population.
• Reduce the emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
(any four points; ½ a mark each x
4=2)
OR
• We are increasing the use of non-biodegradable products. At least one layer
of plastic is there in most of the products we buy.
• We have started packaging even our daily use products like milk and water
in polybags.
• In cities, fruits and vegetables are packed in polystyrene and plastic
packaging and we contribute heavily to environmental pollution.
(any two 1+1
mark)
Measures that could be taken to reduce such mishaps are:
• We can support government’s initiative across the country y re ucing the
use of plastics and use of eco-friendly packaging.
• We can do our bit by carrying cloth or other natural fibre carry-bags when
we go for shopping and by refusing to take the polythene bags from
shopkeepers.
• It is important that all garbage generated is sorted. The biodegradable
materials can be put into deep pits in the ground and be left for natural
breakdown. It leaves only the nonbiodegradable to be disposed of, the
quantity of which should be minimized. The need to reduce our garbage
generation should be a prime goal. (any three1+ 1+1 mark)
26. Down’s syn rome, Turner’s syn rome, Klinefelter’s syndrome are common
examples of 5 Aneuploidy of chromosomes in human beings.
• Down’s syn rome results in the gain of extra copy of chromosome 21-
trisomy. ½ + ½ a mark each
• Turner’s syndrome results due to loss of an X chromosome in human
females- X0
monosomy. ½ a mark
• Klinefelter’s Syn rome is cause ue to the presence of an a itional copy
of Xchromosome resulting into XXY condition. ½ a mark Down’s
Syndrome:
The affected individual is
• short statured with small round head
• furrowed tongue and partially open mouth
• Palm is broad with characteristic palm crease
• Physical, psychomotor and mental development is retarded.
(any two½ + ½ a mark each )
Klinefelter’s Syndrome: The affected individual is
• a male with development of breast, i.e., Gynecomastia
• Such individuals are sterile. ½ + ½ a mark each
Turner’s Syndrome: The affected individual shows following characters-
Females are sterile as ovaries are rudimentary
• lack of other secondary sexual characters ½ + ½ a mark
each

OR
Morgan observed that the two genes did not segregate independently of each
other and the F2 ratio deviated very significantly from the 9:3:3:1 ratio. 1
mark
He attributed this to physical association or linkage of two genes and coined the
term linkage and the term recombination to describe the generation of non-
parental gene combinations.
1 mark
Morgan and his group found that even when the genes are grouped on the
same chromosome, some genes are very tightly linked (show very low
recombination) while others were loosely linked (showed higher
recombination). 1 mark
In the Mendelian dihybrid cross, the phenotypes round, yellow; wrinkled, yellow;
round, green and wrinkled, green appeared in the ratio 9:3:3:1. OR cross (given
below).
1 mark
Wrinkled, yellow and round, green is possible because the distance between two
genes are more.
Therefore, recombination of parental type is possible.
1 mark
27. Oogenesis is different from that of spermatogenesis in the following ways: - 5
• In spermatogenesis, continuous production of sperms takes place from
puberty to old age. Whereas, in oogenesis, the oocytes are generated
before birth/ in the foetus. 1 mark
• A large number of these oocytes degenerate during the phase from birth
to puberty. The oocytes continuously decrease in number, and it gets
completely exhausted at menopause. 1 mark
• A primary spermatocyte completes the first meiotic division leading to
formation of two equal sized secondary spermatocytes whereas, Primary
oocyte divides unequally by the first meiotic division resulting in the
formation of a large haploid secondary oocyte and a tiny first polar body.
1 mark.
• Meiotic division of secondary oocyte gets temporarily arrested at
Prophase-I stage. It is completed only when a sperm comes in contact
with the zona pellucida layer of the ovum. There is no such event in
spermatogenesis. 1mark
• Spermatogonium produces 4 functional spermatozoa whereas an
oogonium produces one
functional ovum and 3 non-functional polar bodies.
1 mark
 OR
• Parturition is a process where vigorous contraction of the uterus at the
end of pregnancy causes expulsion/delivery of the foetus. 1
mark
• The signals for parturition originate from the fully developed fetus and
the placenta which induce mild uterine contractions called foetal
ejection reflex. 1 mark
• This triggers release of oxytocin from the maternal pituitary. Oxytocin
acts on the uterine muscle and causes stronger uterine contractions,
which in turn stimulates further secretion of oxytocin. 1
mark
• The stimulatory reflex between the uterine contraction and oxytocin
secretion continues resulting in stronger and stronger contractions.1
mark
• This leads to expulsion of the baby out of the uterus through the birth
canal – parturition, after the infant is delivered; the placenta is also
expelled out of the uterus. 1 mark
 Class: XII
Biology-044
Sample Question Paper

MM: 70 TIME:
3HOURS

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.

2. The question paper consists of four sections A, B, C and D.
3. Internal choice is given in all the sections. A student has to attempt only one of the
alternatives in such questions.
4. Section–A contains 5 questions of 1 mark each.
5. Section–B has 7 questions of 2 marks each.
6. Section–C is of 12 questions of 3 marks each
7. Section–D has 3 questions of 5 marks each.
8. Wherever necessary, the diagrams drawn should be neat and properly labelled.

SECTION- A

1. How many pollen grains and ovules are likely to be formed in the anther and the ovary
of an 1 angiosperm bearing 25 microspore mother cells and 25 megaspore mother
cells respectively?

OR

In case of polyembryony, an embryo A develops from the synergids and the

embryo B develops from the nucellus. State the ploidy of embryo A and B.

2. Give the scientific name of the source organism from which the first antibiotic was
produced. 1

3. The prophase I stage of meiosis plays a vital role in r-DNA formation. Justify with
reason. 1

4. Name the technique by which Gene expression can be controlled with the help of RNA
1
molecule.

5. Define Diapause 1
 OR

Define Standing Crop

SECTION- B

6. The figure given below represents a molecule present in the body of a mammal - 2

a) Name the parts labelled ‘a’ and ‘b’ in the molecule shown above.
b) Name the type of cells that produce this molecule.

OR

Life style diseases are increasing alarmingly in India. We are also dealing with
large scale malnutrition in the population. Suggest a process by which we can
address both these problems. Give any three examples to support your answer.

7. Why does the lac operon shut down some time after the addition of lactose in the
medium 2 where E.coli was growing? Why low level expression of lac operon is
always required?

8. a) While cloning vectors, which of the two will be preferred by biotechnologists - 2

bacteriophages or plasmids. Justify with reason.
b) Name the first transgenic cow developed and state the improvement in the
quality of the product produced by it.

9. Explain the impact of removal of thymus gland on the immune system of a human
body. 2

OR

A farmer maintained beehives in his Brassica field during its flowering season. How
will he be benefitted?
10. How do automobiles fitted with catalytic converters reduce air pollution? Suggest the
best fuel 2 for such vehicles.

11. State the Mendelian principle which can be derived from a dihybrid cross and not
from 2 monohybrid cross.

12. Comment upon the mode of pollination in Vallisneria and Eichhornia which have
emergent 2 flowers.

SECTION- C

13. Alien species are highly invasive and are a threat to indigenous species. Substantiate
this 3 statement with any three examples.

14. The embryo sac in female gametophyte is seven celled and eight nucleated structure.
Justify 3 the statement with the help of a labelled diagram.

OR

List the changes that occur when an ovule matures into seed.

15. Compare and contrast the theories of evolution proposed by Darwin and Hugo De
Vries. 3

16. Explain the different steps involved in the secondary treatment of sewage. 3

OR

Microbes can be used to decrease the use of chemical fertilizers. Explain how this
can be accomplished.

17. a) How do DNA fragments migrate and resolve in a Gel electrophoresis? 3

b) How lane one is different from lane 2, 3 and 4 in the Gel electrophoresis set up?
c) How pure DNA fragments are made observable in the visible light?
18. Suggest and explain the assisted reproductive techniques which will help a couple to
have 3 children, where the female had a blockage in the fallopian tube and the male
partner had a low sperm count.

19. a) Construct a complete transcription unit with promoter and terminator on the basis
of the 3 hypothetical template strand given below:

b) Write the RNA strand transcribed from the above transcription unit along with its
polarity.

OR
a) Mention two events in which DNA is unzipped.
b) Predict the consequences when both the template and the coding strands of a
DNA segment participate in transcription process?
20. As a biologist explain the technique to a dairy farmer for increasing the yield of herd
size of 3 cattle in a short time.

21. The Indian Government refuted the attempt by a multinational company (MNC) to
patent the 3 antiseptic property of curcumin derived from Turmeric. Analyze the
unethical practice adopted by the MNC, state its implications and suggest provisions
in the Indian Law to prevent such malpractices.

22. A 17-year old boy is suffering from high fever with profuse sweating and chills.
Choose the 3 correct option from the following diseases which explains these
symptoms and rule out the rest with adequate reasons.
(a) Typhoid (b) Viral Fever(c) Malaria

23. Study the given pedigree chart and answer the questions that follow: 3

(a) Is the trait recessive or dominant?

(b) Is the trait sex-linked or autosomal?
(c) Give the genotypes of the parents shown in generation I and their third child
shown in generation II and the first grandchild shown in generation III.
 OR

Haemophilia is a sex linked recessive disorder of humans. The pedigree chart

given below shows the inheritance of Haemophilia in one family. Study the
pattern of inheritance and answer the questions given.

(a) Give all the possible genotypes of the members 4, 5 and 6 in the pedigree chart.
(b) A blood test shows that the individual 14 is a carrier of haemophilia. The
member numbered 15 has recently married the member numbered 14. What
is the probability that their first child will be a haemophilic male.? Show with
the help of Punnett square.

24. a) In a pond there were 200 frogs. 40 more were born in the year. Calculate the birth
rate of 3 the population.
b) Population in terms of number is not always a necessary parameter to measure
population density. Justify with two examples.

SECTION- D

25. People living in the coastal areas are forced to evict their dwelling units as the sea has
5 inundated into the land areas. State the possible reasons and suggest measures
that could be taken to reduce the deleterious changes in the environment.

OR

A young sperm whale, 33-foot long was found dead off the coast. It had a large
amount of human trash like trash bags, polypropylene sacks, ropes, net segments
etc. amounting to 29 kilograms in its digestive system. The whale died because of
inflammation of the abdominal lining. Analyze the possible reasons for such
mishaps and suggest measures that can be taken to reduce such incidents.
26. Aneuploidy of chromosomes in human beings results in certain disorders. Draw out
the 5 possibilities of the karyotype in common disorders of this kind in human
beings and its consequences in individuals.

OR

In a dihybrid cross, white eyed, yellow bodied female Drosophila was crossed
with red eyed, brown bodied male Drosophila. The cross produced 1.3 percent
recombinants and 98.7 progeny with parental type combinations in the F2
generation. Analyze the above observation and compare with the Mendelian
dihybrid cross.

27. Differentiate between spermatogenesis and oogenesis. 5

OR

‘Parturition is induced by a complex Neuro endocrine mechanism’. Justify