THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Muscular System

 Latin word meaning “little mouse”

 Essential function is contraction
and shortening
 “machines of the body”
Muscle Types

3 types of Muscle Tissue

 Skeletal Muscles 
Cardiac Muscle
 Smooth Muscles
Skeletal Muscle

 Skeletal  Striated
 Voluntary
Connective tissue wrappings of skeletal
muscle
Smooth Muscle

 Visceral
 Nonstriated
 Involuntary

 Digestive tract
 Bowel and bladder
Cardiac Muscle

 Heart/cardiac
 Striated
 Involuntary
Muscle Functions

 Producing movements
 Maintains posture
 Stabilizes joints  Generates heat
Providing Energy for Muscle
Contraction
 Muscle Fatigue and Oxygen Debt
 Isotonic (bending knee, rotating arms, smiling)
 Isometric (push against the wall)

 Types of Muscle Contraction

 Muscle Tone
Types of Body Movements
 Flexion
 Extension
 Rotation
 Abduction  Adduction
 Circumduction

 When skeletal muscle contracts, its INSERTION

moves toward its ORIGIN.
Special Movements

 Dorsiflexion and plantar flexion

 Inversion and eversion
 Supination and pronation
 Opposition
Interactions of Skeletal Muscles
 Prime mover- muscle that has the major
responsibility for causing a particular
movement
 Antagonists- muscles that oppose or reserve
a movement
 Synergist - help prime movers by producing
the same movement or by reducing
undesirable movements
 Fixator- specialized synergist
Naming Skeletal Muscles

 Direction of the muscle fibers

 Relative size of the muscle
 Location of the muscle
 Number of origins
 Location of the muscle’s origin and insertion
 Shape of the muscle
 Action of the muscle
Arrangement
of Fascicles
Gross Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles
Head and Neck Muscles
FACIAL
 Frontalis
 Orbicularis oculi
 Orbicularis oris
 Buccinator
 Zygomaticus
CHEWING MUSCLES
 Masseter
 Temporalis

NECK MUSCLES
 Platysma
 sternocleidomastoid
Trunk Muscles
ANTERIOR MUSCLES
 Pectoralis major
 Intercostal muscle
 Muscle of the abdominal girdle
 Rectus abdominis
 External oblique
 Internal oblique
 Transversus abdominis
POSTERIOR MUSCLES
 Trapezius
 Latissimus dorsi
 Erector spinae
 Deltoid
Muscles of the Upper Limb

MUSCLES OF THE HUMERUS

 Biceps brachii
 Brachialis
 Brachioradialis
 Triceps brachii
Muscles of the Lower Limb

MOVEMENT AT THE HIP JOINT

 Gluteus maximus
 Gluteus medius
 Iliopsoas
 Adductor muscles
MOVEMENT AT THE KNEE JOINT
 Hamstring group
 Sartorius
 Quadriceps group
 Movement at the Ankle and foot
 Tibialis anterior
 Extensor digitorum longus
 Fibularis muscles
 Gastrocnemius
 Soleus
END