PHOENIX LIASOS

FRANCIS JUDE S. SAMBAS

JASON RIC L. SANCHEZ
 WHAT IS MUSCULAR SYSTEM?

 The muscular system consists of various types

of muscle that each play a crucial role in the
function of the body.
 Muscles allow a person to move, speak, and
chew.
 They control heartbeat, breathing, and digestion.
 The muscular system contains more than 600
trusted source muscles that work together to
enable the full functioning of the body.
There are 3 types of muscles in
the body:

SKELETAL
SMOOTH
CARDIAC
SKELETAL MUSCLE
 Skeletal muscles are the only muscles that can
be consciously controlled.
 They are attached to bones, and contracting the
muscles causes movement of those bones.
 Any action that a person consciously
undertakes involves the use of skeletal muscles.
 Examples of such activities include running,
chewing, and writing.
 SMOOTH MUSCLE
 Smooth muscle lines the inside of blood
vessels and organs, such as the stomach,
and is also known as visceral muscle.
 It is the weakest type of muscle but has
an essential role in moving food along
the digestive tract and maintaining blood
circulation through the blood vessels.
 Smooth muscle acts involuntarily and
cannot be consciously controlled.
 CARDIAC MUSCLE
 Located only in the heart, cardiac
muscle pumps blood around the body.
 Cardiac muscle stimulates its own
contractions that form our heartbeat.
Signals from the nervous system
control the rate of contraction.
 This type of muscle is strong and acts
involuntarily.
MAIN FUNCTIONS
OF MUSCULAR
SYSTEM
1. MOBILITY
2. STABILITY
3. POSTURE
4. CIRCULATION
5. RESPIRATION
6. DIGESTION
 1. MOBILITY
•The muscular system’s main function is to allow movement. When muscles contract, they contribute
to gross and fine movement.
• Gross movement refers to large, coordinated motions and includes:
walking
running
swimming
• Fine movement involves smaller movements, such as:
writing
speaking
facial expressions
•The smaller skeletal muscles are usually responsible for this type of action.
•Most muscle movement of the body is under conscious control. However, some movements are
reflexive, such as withdrawing a hand from a source of heat.
2. STABILITY
• Muscle tendons stretch over joints and contribute to joint
stability. Muscle tendons in the knee joint and the shoulder
joint are crucial in stabilization.
• The core muscles are those in the abdomen, back, and pelvis,
and they also stabilize the body and assist in tasks, such as
lifting weights.
 3. POSTURE
• Skeletal muscles help keep the body in the correct position when
someone is sitting or standing. This is known as posture.
• Good posture relies on strong, flexible muscles. Stiff, weak, or tight
muscles contribute to poor posture and misalignment of the body.
• Long-term, bad posture leads to joint and muscle pain in the shoulders,
back, neck, and elsewhere.
 4. CIRCULATION
• The heart is a muscle that pumps blood throughout the body. The
movement of the heart is outside of conscious control, and it contracts
automatically when stimulated by electrical signals.
• Smooth muscle in the arteries and veins plays a further role in the
circulation of blood around the body. These muscles maintain 
blood pressure and circulation in the event of blood loss or 
dehydration.
• They expand to increase blood flow during times of intense exercise
when the body requires more oxygen.
5. RESPIRATION
• Breathing involves the use of the diaphragm muscle.
• The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle located below the lungs.
When the diaphragm contracts, it pushes downward, causing the chest
cavity to get bigger. The lungs then fill with air. When the diaphragm
muscle relaxes, it pushes air out of the lungs.
• When someone wants to breath more deeply, it requires help from
other muscles, including those in the abdomen, back, and neck.
 6. DIGESTION
• Smooth muscles in the gastrointestinal or GI tract control digestion. The GI
tract stretches from the mouth to the anus.
• Food moves through the digestive system with a wave-like motion called
peristalsis. Muscles in the walls of the hollow organs contract and relax to
cause this movement, which pushes food through the esophagus into the
stomach.
• The upper muscle in the stomach relaxes to allow food to enter, while the
lower muscles mix food particles with stomach acid and enzymes.
• The digested food moves from the stomach to the intestines by peristalsis.
From here, more muscles contract to pass the food out of the body as stool.
7. URINATION
• The urinary system comprises both smooth and skeletal muscles, including those in
the:
• bladder
• kidneys
• penis or vagina
• prostate
• ureters
• urethra
• The muscles and nerves must work together to hold and release urine from the bladder.
• Urinary problems, such as poor bladder control or retention of urine, are caused by
damage to the nerves that carry signals to the muscles.
MAJOR MUSCLES
LATISSIMUS DORSI
 is a broad, flat muscle that occupies
the majority of the lower posterior 
thorax. The muscle's primary function
is of the upper extremity but is also
considered to be a 
respiratory accessory muscle.
GLUTEUS MEDIUS

 The gluteus medius muscle is partially

covered, on its lower-third part, by the
gluteus maximus muscle.  The gluteus
medius works to provide rotation of
the thigh outward from the center of
the body, which enables a steady
walking gait.
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

 The gluteus maximus muscle is located in

the buttocks and is regarded as one of the
strongest muscles in the human body. It is
connected to the coccyx, or tailbone, as
well as other surrounding bones. The
gluteus maximus muscle is responsible for
movement of the hip and thigh.
GASTROCNEMIUS

 The calf is composedof two muscles, the

soleus and the gastrocnemius, which is a
large muscle located in the back of your
lower leg. The gastrocnemius muscle is
an important mover of your lower leg and
is responsible for normal walking and
running actions.
TRAPEZIUS

 It starts at the back of your head and neck,

extends across your shoulders, and down the
middle of your back, forming a trapezoid. Also
known as traps, the trapezius muscles play an
important role in posture. They move the
shoulders, lift arms out to the side, and protect
the neck and spine.
DELTOID

 deltoid muscles are in your shoulder, which

is the ball-and-socket joint that connects
your arm to the trunk of your body. Deltoid
muscles help you move your arms in different
directions. They also protect and stabilize
your shoulder joint.
TRICEPS

 The triceps brachii is a large, thick muscle on

the dorsal part of the upper arm. It often
appears as the shape of a horseshoe on the
posterior aspect of the arm. The main
function of the triceps is the extension of
the elbow joint.
HAMSTRINGS

 Your hamstring muscles are skeletal

muscles at the back of your thigh.
You use them to walk, climb stairs, do
squats and perform many other leg
movements. Hamstring injuries are
the most common sports injury.
ACHILLES TENDON

 Achilles tendon joins your calf

muscles to your heel bone. This
tendon lifts your heel off the ground
during activity. Damage to the Achilles
tendon is a common concern.
Conditions include bursitis, tendinitis,
tendinosis and tendon rupture.
BICEPS

  biceps is a large muscle situated on the front

of the upper arm between the shoulder and
the elbow. Also known by the Latin name
biceps brachii (meaning "two-headed muscle
of the arm"), the muscle's primary function is
to flex the elbow and rotate the forearm.
ABDOMINAL

 The abdominal muscles are

located between the ribs and the
pelvis on the front of the body. The
abdominal muscles support the trunk,
allow movement and hold organs in
place by regulating internal
abdominal pressure.
SARTORIUS

 sartorius muscle is a long muscle located in

the front of your thigh. It courses from your
hip and crosses the front of your thigh,
inserting near the inner part of your knee.
The sartorius serves to flex and rotate your
hip and bend your knee. It is the longest
muscle in the human body.
TIBIALIS

 The tibialis anterior muscle is a muscle in

humans that originates along the upper
two-thirds of the lateral (outside) surface of
the tibia and inserts into the medial
cuneiform and first metatarsal bones of the
foot. It acts to dorsiflex and invert the foot.
This muscle is mostly located near the shin.
SOLEUS

 The soleus is the plantar flexor muscle of the

ankle. It is capable of exerting powerful
forces onto the ankle joint. It is located on
the back of the lower leg and originates at
the posterior (rear) aspect of the fibular
head and the medial border of the tibial
shaft.
MASTOID

 one of the largest and most

superficial cervical muscles. The
primary actions of the muscle
are rotation of the head to the
opposite side and flexion of the
neck. The sternocleidomastoid is
innervated by the accessory nerve.
PECTORAL

 extends across the upper part of the chest

and is attached to a ridge at the rear of the
humerus (the bone of the upper arm). Its
major actions are adduction, or depression,
of the arm (in opposition to the action of the
deltoideus muscle) and rotation of the arm
forward about the axis of the body.
OBLIQUES

 The external oblique muscles are located on

the outer surface of the sides of the
abdomen, on each side of the rectus
abdominis. The muscles extend from the
lower ribs to the pelvis. The external oblique
muscles are responsible for the twisting of
the trunk.
RECTUS FEMORIS

 Aside from extending the knee, the rectus

femoris muscle exhibits additional actions
since it crosses both the hip and knee joints.
By acting on the hip joint, it helps with thigh
flexion. When its patellar attachment is fixed,
this muscle aids to flex the pelvis anteriorly
towards the thigh.