MAJOR MUSCLE GROUPS OF THE BODY AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

 Pectorals- The main muscle group of the chest is the pectorals. The pectorals or pecs are the
large chest muscles.
 Latissimus Dorsi - It is a large, flat muscle on the back that stretches to the sides, behind the
arm, and is partly covered by the trapezius on the back near the midline.
 Rhomboid- They are underneath the trap muscles and not visible from outside.
 Trapezius- Also known as, the traps, that are located between shoulders and the neck.
 Biceps- This muscle is found in the front of the upper arm. The biceps help control the
motion of both the shoulder and elbow joints.
 Triceps- These muscles help stabilize the shoulder joint and allow the elbow joint to be
straightened.
 Obliques- Movement of these muscles may result in several actions, but they are best known
for their lateral flexion and rotation of the trunk known as a side bend.
 Hamstrings- Its main function is to bend your knees and help propel your body forward in
such activities as walking, running, jumping, or doing a Krav Maga kick.

CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS BASED ON STRUCTURE

 Fibrous Joints- The bones of fibrous joints are held together by fibrous connective tissue.
There is no cavity, or space, present between the bones and so most fibrous joints do not
move at all, or are only capable of minor movements.

 Cartilaginous Joints- Cartilaginous joints are joints in which the bones are connected by
cartilage. In a synchondrosis, the bones are joined by hyaline cartilage. Synchondroses are
found in the epiphyseal plates of growing bones in children. In symphyses, hyaline cartilage
covers the end of the bone but the connection between bones occurs through fibrocartilage.
Symphyses are found at the joints between vertebrae. Type of cartilaginous joint allows for
very little movement.

 Synovial Joints- Synovial joints are the only joints that have a space between the adjoining
bones ([link]). This space is referred to as the synovial (or joint) cavity and is filled with
synovial fluid. Synovial fluid lubricates the joint, reducing friction between the bones and
allowing for greater movement.

THE THREE PLANES OF THE BODY:

 Coronal (frontal) plane: separates the front (anterior) and back (posterior) of the body
 Sagittal (longitudinal) plane: separates the left and right sides of the body
 Transverse (axial) plane: separates the upper (superior) and lower (inferior) halves of the
body
SKELETAL SYSTEM

What does the skeletal system do?

 Allows movement: Your skeleton supports your body weight to help you stand and move.
Joints, connective tissue, and muscles work together to make your body parts mobile.
 Produces blood cells: Bones contain bone marrow. Red and white blood cells are produced in
the bone marrow.
 Protects and supports organs: Your skull shields your brain, your ribs protect your heart and
lungs, and your backbone protects your spine.
 Stores minerals: Bones hold your body’s supply of minerals like calcium and vitamin D.

TYPES OF MOVEMENTS IN THE HUMAN BODY

 Flexion- Bending
 Extension- Straightening
 Abduction- Moving away from the reference axis
 Adduction- Bringing closer to the reference axis
 Protrusion- Forward
 Retrusion- Backward
 Elevation- Superiorly to the reference axis
 Depression- Inferiorly to the reference axis
 Lateral rotation- Rotation away from the midline
 Medial rotation- Rotation toward the midline
 Pronation- Medial rotation of the radius, resulting in the palm of the hand facing posteriorly
(if in anatomical position) or inferiorly (if elbow is flexed)
 Supination- Lateral rotation of the radius, resulting in the palm of the hand facing anteriorly
(if in anatomical position) or superiorly (if elbow is flexed)