Sketetal system

GROUP 3- MEMBERS ARE:

TEELA DEORAJ JAGROOP
HABIBAH
GREGORY
SAMUEL
 Table of content

 Define the skeletal system.

 Lists the function of the skeletal system.
 How many bone are there in the human body?
 How are the bones classified?
 What are the roles of joints in the skeletal system?
 Do you know how you can protect your skeleton?
 State the physiological benefits of therapeutic massage on the skeletal system.
 Define the skeletal system

I
The skeletal systems is the framework
of the body. It consist of all the bones
and joints of the body
 Lists the function of the skeletal systems.

 The skeletal systems provide the framework of our bodies giving the
body its shape and provides support to systems.
 It protects our internals organs such as brain, lungs and heart.
 It manufactures blood cells for our circulatory system.
 It facilitates movement with the help of muscles.
 It stores minerals such as calcium and phosphorous.
 How many bones are there in our body?

 There are 206 bones:

 21- skull and upper jaw
 06- ears(3 tiny bones in each)
 01- Lower jaw(mandible)
 01- front neck bone(hyoid)
 26- spine/backbone
 24- 12 pairs of ribs
 01- breastbone
 64- 2 upper limbs, each has: shoulder-2, arm-3, wrist-8+19 hand +fingers=31
 How are the bones classified?

 Flat bones are thin and have broad surfaces. They made up of a layer of spongy bones between two thin layers of
compact bones. Found in the cranium, scapula, sternum, ribs and pelvis.
 Short bones contain mostly spongy bones with a thin layer of compact bones on the outer surface. Short bones
found in the skeleton are tarsals, carpals and patella.
 Long bones have a thick outer layer of compact bone inside of which is the narrow cavity filled with bone
marrow( manufactures our red blood cells)but the end is made up of spongy bones most of the bones in the arms
and legs. They are clavicle, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarsals, phalanges, femurs, tibia, fibula, metatarsals.
 Irregular-shaped bones have several projections making an uncommon shape. They can be found in the spinal
column.
 What are the role of joints in the skeletal system?

 Joints are where bones meet. There are three types: fixed, slightly movable and freely movable/
synovial joints.
 FIXED JOINTS is where one bone is connected directly to another bone. Found in the skull
and pelvis they normally do not allow any movement.
 SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE JOINTS are separated by a layer of cartilage. Found in spine and
ribs, they are slightly moveable and allow limited movement.
 . The area between the bones of a synovial joints is filled with synovial fluids, which helps to
lubricate and protect the cartilage-covered ends of the bones. These bones are held together by
ligaments, which are strong stretchy band of fibrous tissue. A synovial joint allows for much
more movement than other joints. They are ball and socket, hinge, gliding, pivot, saddle,
condyloid
 Synovial/
freely movable joints
5) ball and socket- found in the hip and shoulder thus
allow movement in almost any directions.

2) hinge joints example in elbows and knees

allows for extension and flexion. )
4)gliding bones slide past each other, such as
metacarpals and metatarasal. 1)pivot joints
rotation around an axis such as neck and forearm
3) saddle joints such as the thumbs
allows movements back, forth and down, but do not
rotate like a ball and socket.
6) condyloid joints like the wrist allows up and
down movement and side to side movement. joints,
bones slide past each other e.g. metatarsal
Do you know how you can protect your
skeleton?

 Firstly you must eat a balance diet from the six food groups.
 Exercise regular at least 3 times per week will maintain strength of bones to enable them
to deal with stress. Cartilage and tendons becomes thicken to absorb shock and with stand
greater force. Ligaments will stretch slightly to enable greater flexibilty
 Get at least 5-8 hours of sleep to let your bone marrow make new blood cell and allow
weary bone rejuvenate.
 Practise safety in daily activities, such as avoid walking on wet floor, do not jump from
great height.
 Always maintain proper body mechanic. REMEMBER- joints are for bending not your
spine.
 State the physiological benefit of therapeutic massage on
the skeletal system

 The physiological benefit of therapeutic massage on the skeletal system are as follow:
 Increase blood circulation which nourishes skeletal cells
 Improves muscular balance and thus skeleton alignment (contracted muscles can pull bones out of alignment).
 Exercises joints through range of motion serves to move and circulate joints fluids which nourishes the joints.
 Can aid circulation area of a fracture without producing motion in bone fragments- also aids in healing of
surrounding affected tissues.
 Can aid functional efficiency in terms of structural support/posture- massage can be a first step in the process of
postural awareness (less energy used to maintain efficient posture)
 Can prevent adhesions from forming and can break down adhesions- these adhesions can form between ligaments
and bones, can alter a joint and limit range of motion adhesions can form reparative tissue, but not flexible and
massage can mobile the joint
Skeletal system