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Skeletal System
Skeletal System
Overview
The term skeleton is derived from a Greek word
which means dried up.
The Skeletal System consists of bones and their
associated connected tissues, including
cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
It actually consists dynamic living tissues that are
capable of growth, detect pain stimuli, adapt to
stress and undergo repair after injury.
2 Divisions
Axial Skeleton
Bones that form the longitudinal axis of the
body
Appendicular Skeleton
Bones of the limbs and girdle
A typical vertebra
Thoracic Vertebrae
The 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) are all
typical Larger than cervical vertebrae.
Lumbar Vertebrae
The 5lumbar vertebra (L1 – L5) have massive
blocklike bodies.
These are the sturdiest of the vertebrae
because most of the stress re there.
Sacrum
Formed by the fusion of the 5
vertebrae
It forms the posterior wall of the pelvis
Coccyx
Formed from the fusion of the 3-5 tiny
irregular vertebrae
It is the human tailbone
Bony Thorax
The sternum, ribs and thoracic
vertebrae make up the bony thorax.
Often called the thoracic cage.
Sternum
AKA breastbone is a typical flat bone and
the result of the fusion of the 3 bones – the
manubrium, body and xyphoid process
attached to the first 7 pairs of ribs.
The sternum has 3 important bony
landmarks
Jugular notch
Sternal angle
Xiphisternal joint
Ribs
12 pairs of ribs from the walls of the bony
thorax.
The true ribs, the first 7 pairs attach directly
to the sternum by costal cartilages.
The false ribs, the next 5 pairs, indirectly
attached to the sternum at all. The last 2
pairs of false ribs are called floating ribs.
APPENDICULAR SKELETON
It is composed of 126 bones of the limbs
and the pectoral and pelvic girdles which
attach to the limbs to the axial skeleton.
Bones of the Shoulder Girdle
Each shoulder girdle or pectoral girdle
consists of 2 bones – a clavicle and a
scapula
Clavicle
Collarbone
Attach to the manubrium of the sternum
medially and to the scapula laterally.
Scapulae
Shoulder blades, “wings”
Bones of the Upper Limbs
30 separate bones form the skeletal
framework of each upper limb.
Arm
Forearm
Hand
Bones of the Pelvic Girdle
Pelvic girdle is formed by 2 coxal bones or
ossa coxae called hip bones.
Together with the sacrum and coccyx, the
hip bones form the bony pelvis.
Bone of the Lower Limbs
Carry our total body weight when we
are erect.
Thigh
Leg
Foot
Joints
AKA articulatons
Have 2
functions:
They hold the bones together securely
Give rigid skeleton mobility