End-Term Examination -2020

Course Code: PH 502

Course Title: Material Physics I
Dept. of appearing students: Physics, X SEM, 5th Year
Full Marks: 40 Times: 2.0 hrs

Answer any four question from Group A (4 x5 =20)

1. What do you mean by “Top down” and “Bottom up” technique for nano fabrication.
2. State the merits and demerits of sol-gel technique.
3. Described with flow chart the deposition process of SnO2 thin film.
4. Write short note on Field enhanced Thermionic emission
5. Lithographic process and its limitations
6. Describe the basic working principle of e-beam evaporation process

Answer any two question from Group B (2 x10 =20)

⃗ (𝑟) of a dielectric deduce the

1. Discuss the macroscopic electric displacement field 𝐷
Gauss’s law in presence of a dielectric.
2. What is polarization of dielectric? What do you mean by local field. Prove the Clausius
𝜀 −1 𝑁(𝛼𝑖 +𝛼𝑒 )
– Mosotti relation 𝜀𝑟 +1 = . 4+6
𝑟 3𝜀0

3. Explain dielectric polarization. A piece of dielectric is placed under the influence if an

external electric field 𝐸⃗𝑒𝑥𝑡 . Prove that the electric field inside the electric field is given
by
1
𝐸⃗ (𝑟)𝑖𝑛𝑡 = 𝐸⃗ (𝑟 )𝑒𝑥𝑡 − 𝑃⃗(𝑟)
𝜀0

4. Using Landau theory, describe first order and second order phase transition with
example.
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Endterm Examination -2020

Course Code: PH-504

Course Title: Material Physics-II
Department of Appearing Students: PHYSICS, X SEM, 5th Year
Full Marks: 40 Time: 2 hrs

[Use separate answer sheet for group A & group B]

Group-A
(Answer any TWO questions)
1. (a) Deduce an expression for the density of holes in the valence bond of a n-type
semiconductor. (b) In n-type semiconductor, the Fermi level lies 0.5eV below the conduction
band. If the concentration of donor atoms is tripled, find the new position of the Fermi
level, given kT=0.03eV. (c) The enegrgy vector dispersion relation for a 1-D crystal
of lattice constant a is given by E(k) =Eo - α-2β cos(ka), where Eo , α, β are constants.
Obtain the effective mass of electron at the bottom and at the top of the band. 5+2+3

2. Write short note

a) Augmentted Plane Wave (APW) Method
b) Orthogonalized Plane Wave (OPW) Method 5+5

3. Show that the Density Functional Theory (DFT) is one of the best methods for solving the
many electron systems. 10

Group-B
(Answer any FOUR questions)

4. (a) In typical XPS spectra, both photoelectron peaks and Auger electron peaks are present.
The questions are (i) what instrumental parameter can be used to distinguish the two? (ii)
How this two can be distinguished? (b) Describe what happens to all the photoelectron peaks
observed in the spectra collected from an insulating sample when ineffective charge
neutralization conditions are used. 2.5+2.5

5. Describe if and how the work function of a sample of interest can be derived using X - ray
photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) or ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS). 5

6. Why ultra high vacuum is required for surface sensitive instruments? Determine after which
time interval an originally clean metal surface (e.g., Mg) will be covered with one monolayer
of carbon atoms at a pressure 𝑝𝑝 = 2 × 10−9 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 from the carbon contamination in the
chamber. 1.5+2.5

Autumn -Semester Examination, 2018 Page 1/2

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7. Assume a hemispherical analyzer with radii R1 (inner) and R2 (outer). What is the Potential
difference ∆V that has to be applied to the hemispheres in order to bend the trajectory of
electrons of kinetic energy Ep into a circular orbit of radius 𝑅𝑅0 = (𝑅𝑅1 + 𝑅𝑅2 )/2? Using the
derived ∆V, calculate the energy of an electron that can pass through the analyzer of the
following parameter values: 𝑅𝑅1 = 9.5𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐, 𝑅𝑅2 = 10.5𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 and ∆V ~ 4V 2.5+2.5

8. Write brief note on Synchrotron radiation or Resonance Photoemission spectra. 5

Autumn -Semester Examination, 2018 Page 2/2

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SPRING SEMESTER EXAMINATION- 2020
Course Code: PH 506
Course Title: General Relativity and Astrophysics (Elective Paper)
Department : PHYSICS, SEM-X, 5th Year
Full Marks: 40 Times: 2 hrs

Answer any EIGHT questions.

( each question having 5 marks)

1. Express the following quantities in Gaussian units ( c=1, G=1):

(i)Neutron star density, 𝜌 = 1017 kg/m3 (ii) Neutron star pressure, 𝑝 = 1033 kg/m/s2
(iii) Acceleration due to gravity on Earth surface, g = 9.8 m/s2 .

2. Show that the geodesics in a Riemannian space are given by

𝑑2 𝑥 𝑟 𝑟 𝑑𝑥 𝑝 𝑑𝑥 𝑞
+ 𝛤𝑝𝑞 = 0 where the symbols have their usual significances.
𝑑𝑠 2 𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑠

3. Show that the predicted deflection (classically) of a photon passing near the sun’s edge
is 0.87 seconds of arc. Given Sun’s radius=6,96,000 km and Mʘ = 2 X 10 30 kg.

4. Consider the metric equation :

ds2 = - dt2 + dr2 + R2 sinh2 (r/R) (dƟ2 + sin2Ɵ dɸ2)
where R is a constant with units of length.
What kinds of clocks and in what positions register the coordinate time t ? Does this
metric describe a spherically symmetric spacetime ? Justify your response.
5. Calculate the “effective potential energy per unit mass” of a particle for Schwarzschild
space time. Compare the results with the Newtonian case.
6. Show that for Schwarzschild spacetime, there are no stable circular orbits with 𝑟 ≤ 6 𝐺𝑀
where the symbols have their usual significances.

7. Imagine that an object in a stable circular orbit around a neutron star (GM = 2.2km)
and has an angular momentum per unit mass of l = 6GM=13.2 km. Calculate the
radius of the orbit. Calculate the period of the orbit as measured by an observer at
infinity.
8. What is Gravitational Lensing ? Explain briefly how you will get two images of a source
star by using the lens equation.
9. How you can say that r = 2GM is simply a co-ordinate singularity ? Show (with diagram) the
behavior of the light cones in tortoise co-ordinate system ?
10. What is Impact parameter ? Find the equation of motion of a photon in curved space time.

AU/Spring Sem. (2020)/PH – 506