Current Electricity

06
 Today’s Goal

Grouping of cells

KIRCHHOFF’S LAW
1) SERIES GROUPING OF CELLS
If Polarity of any Cell is Reversed
Q) In the given circuit diagram, find the reading of Ammeter

a) 0.5A
b) 1A
c) 1.5A
d) 2A
2) PARALLEL GROUPING OF CELLS
For Cells of Equal EMF
If Polarity of any Cell is Reversed
Q)Two batteries of different EMF and different internal resistances are connected
as shown. The Voltage across AB in volt is

a) 3V
b) 4V
c) 5V
d) 6V
3) MIXED GROUPING OF CELLS

m
a) Total number of Cells
b) Equivalent EMF
c) Equivalent internal resistance
d) Current drawn from grouping
e) Power in external Resitor
f) Condition for maximum current
OR Power
KIRCHHOFF’S LAW
 Kirchhoff’s Law/ Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL) /
Junction Rule
1. At any junction, the sum of current entering the junction is equal
to the sum of current leaving the junction.

2. Junction − Where 3 or more wires meet

3. This Law is based on “Conservation of Charge”
𝑨𝒎𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆 𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑨𝒎𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒈𝒆 𝑳𝒆𝒂𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 = 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒖𝒏𝒊𝒕 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆

𝑬𝒙𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒍𝒆:
Find i
Q ) In the given circuit diagram, the currents I1 = -0.3 A, I4= 0.8 A and I5= 0.4 A , are
flowing as shown. The currents I2, I3 and I6 respectively , are

a) 1.1 A, 0.4 A, 0.4 A

b) 1.1 A, -0.4 A, 0.4 A
c) 0.4 A, 1.1 A, 0.4 A
d) -0.4 A, 0.4 A, 1.1 A
Q) Figure shows three resistances are connected with switch S initially
the switch is open. When the switch S is closed find the current
passed through it.
Kirchhoff’s Second Law/ Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) /
Loop Rule
1. “ The algebric sum of Change in potential around any closed loop
is Zero ”
σ ∆𝑽= 0 for a closed loop

2.
3. This law is based on “Conservation of Energy”
4. Potential Gain & Potential drop
➢ Choose a path
➢If path goes from Higher potential to Lower potential, drop in Potential and
take ∆𝑽 as –ve and vice-versa

For Resistance For Cell

Now Learn
1. For Resistor

2. For Cell
Q ) Find the current through in each of 2 Ω & 1Ω using KVL
Q ) Find the current i

a) 1A
b) -1A
c) 2A
d) 3A
Q ) In the circuit shown in figure, find the current through the branch BD.

a) 3A
b) 4A
c) 5A
d) 6A
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