Hsin Lin (Yolanda)

Human dignity
Person: In Latin mean “mask used by actor; role, part, character”
Dignity: I deserved something when I do good thing then I deserve benefit.
The belief that all people hold a special value that's tied solely to their
humanity.
Why we need human dignity?
Because this is the right of speak up for what you care about, to sure how you
feel what you want. The dignity also include a safe living condition, clean
water to use, right for education, worker right.

Human dignity is the recognition that human beings possess a special value
intrinsic to their humanity and as such are worthy of respect simply because
they are human beings. in The Transcendence refers the very highest and
most inclusive or holistic levels of human consciousness, behaving and
relating as ends rather than means, to oneself, to significant other, to human
beings in general. Transcendence of the we they polarity, this means to
ascend to the level of synergy. The transcendent dignity also can describe in
transcendence of one’s own weakness.

Principles:
The theological principle: people and people are equal. A formal principle
tends to be texts or revered leaders of the religion, while a material principle is
its central teaching.

The Christology principle: Incarnation: Christology is the part of theology that

is concerned with the nature and work of Jesus, including such matters as the
Incarnation, the Resurrection, and his human and divine natures and their
relationship.
Anthropological principle: Any consideration of the structure of the universe,
the values of the constants of nature, or the laws of nature that has a bearing
upon the existence of life.
What are those mean?
Free: This understood as either having the ability to act or change without
constraint or to possess the power and resources to fulfill one's purposes.
Ready to love care or desire the later love in lain with the lubet, which went
on further to become libet.
We r created in the image and likeness of God.

In class, we talked about human rights, in summary, human rights allow

people to have freedom equality, and protection. In the Catholic tradition
teaches and our lectures, we discussed human dignity. Human dignity can be
protected and create a healthy society, the concept of human dignity and
human right are similar.
Those themes allow people to feel safer, happier, and free. In the seminar, we
also discuss the situations currently being violated and how to avoid that. Our
example is Xinjiang internment camps, and we thought the education or
spread of the right concept on the internet, through the movie, songs, etc. are
very effective ways to avoid and solve the situation.

(6 principle)
Common good:
The benefit or interests of all, the element create common good include the
basic right, freedoms, safe, food or water, etc. This is shared and beneficial
for all or most members of a given community.
I think the common good between countries only happen on the surface of the
contract, when we go deeply of those policies, they all have their own
personal interest between it. The common good are built on principle of
reciprocity and equally contribution. Such us, United Nations sustainable
development goal (SDG). They help companies find ways to implement the
SDGs and to examine to what extent they can use the Common Good
Balance Sheet as a corporate and organizational compass, and the main goal
is to achieve a better and more sustainable future for all.
The universal destination of good: The people to share in the earth good to
achieve their need. God gave the earth to the whole human race for the
sustenance of all its members, without excluding or favoring anyone. In the
begin this principle create a peaceful society, but when human have their own
dignity and personality the private property produces around the people and
people. In Maslow’s hierarchy of need, when people achieve the basic
physiological need, they will want to improve to next level and the other level.
In earth, we have the finite resources from the nature, People will break the
balance of nature to achieve their goal and improve their self. At this time the
universal destination of good may create the private property.

Private property:  (private ownership of good) this is the property owned by

private parties, based on anyone or anything than public. This gives
individuals an incentive to earn, invest, and accumulate wealth. This provides
owners with a strong incentive to develop and use assets in ways that others
value highly. The advantage of the private property, incentive to work, this
makes people feel more powerful to work, because this in this situation we
can fight for our own and get the total benefit by our self. But we also need to
considerate the ethically sound, if I’m a boss or government is private property
suitable for us? I don’t think so, no one like to work for other without benefit
(this benefit not only mean money, but this also include contented, self-
actualizations). We can jump out of personal advantage to the group (a clinic)
benefit, this can make us achieve private property of group and can make
concerted efforts.

Subsidiarity: The principle of subsidiarity holds that social and political issues
should be addressed at the most local (or immediate) level that is consistent
with their resolution. For example, as part of the European Union, subsidiarity
means that decisions are retained by the Member States if the European
Union is not required to intervene. The European Union should act collectively
only when Member States' power is insufficient. When applied in the context
of the EU, the principle of subsidiarity serves to regulate the exercise of the
Union's non-exclusive powers. It rules out Union intervention when an issue
can be dealt with effectively by Member States themselves at central, regional
or local level.

Democracy: It is the government by the people, rule by the people. The

democracy includes peaceful exchange power, no one person or branch has
too much power, promote equality and protect human right, transparency
government, elected official to listen to critical. The disadvantage of
democracy uniformed voters, lack participation, take longer for decisions.

Solidarity 團結: Authentic relationships are woven from this fabric. Human
interdependence makes people love one another for the common good. It is
fostered by communities that honor everyone’s rights, responsibilities, and
dignity to help them achieve their full potential. Achieving the common good
requires solidarity. I think solidarity is important, because communities thrive
when residents share their time and help each other when needed due to
solidarity, as it brings residents closer together, reduces conflict, and
encourages them to share their resources.

Notion of person:
• Person:
• Roman law: The Roman law of persons is defined as the body of
rules concerned with the legal position of the human person
(persona) comprising their rights, capacities, and duties.
• Contemporary philosophy: is the present period in the history of
Western philosophy beginning at the early 20th century with the
increasing professionalization of the discipline and the rise of analytic
and continental philosophy.
• Rational nature: In the broadest sense encompasses theoretical reason,
practical reason, and the faculty of judgment, the topics of Kant's
three great critiques. Some version of freedom from sensuous
determination is involved in the exercise of all these capacities.
• Theoretical reason: reason leading to cognition. This is confined to
the world of experience, and concludes that human beings, like all
phenomena, are governed by cause and effect in the form of the
inescapable laws of nature.
• Practical reason: This enables us to move beyond the phenomenal
world to the moral dimension, helps us to deal with the moral
freedom provided by free will, and produces religious feelings and
intuitions.
• Faculty of judgment: According to Kant, a “judgment” is a specific
kind of “cognition” —which he generically defines as any conscious
mental representation of an object. That is the characteristic output
of the “power of judgment”.

• Individual substance: Persons represent individuality in a way that no

other entity in the universe can. Individuals are unique and unrepeatable.
Being a person is not about being an individual of the species, but about
being unique and unrepeatable. Because we are who we are.
Individuality and uniqueness are what make a person unique.
• Every single person is a unique puzzle composed of pieces of
personality, life experiences, knowledge, and emotions. Every
person has their own perspective and world view, largely fueled by
the way they've experienced and navigated the world.

• Phenomenological:
• Permanence: The person is the same at all stages of life but is not
the same. The life stage includes, birth, child, young, adult, old,
death, but during life time everyone create the different personality,
experience, etc.
 • Intimacy: The person is characterized by an interiority, an inner
world. It is closeness between people in personal relationships. It
can include physical or emotional closeness, or even a mix of the
two
• Homo viator: This means “man on a quest, pilgrimage, or journey” or
“man as pilgrim.” The longer I live, the more I see my own life, and
the lives of many others close to me being lived like this, whether we
realize it or not. Subject to space and time. Being of encounter. Via
the lifetime, we may realize some ethic, action, mind problem though
normal daily life of experience. Those knowledges didn’t exist in the
book, we only can learn those the life journey.

• The specifics of the person:

• Self-possession: This consists fundamentally in being in possession
of oneself. No one can appropriate the person as a person. This
include someone who is self-possessed is calm and confident and in
control of their emotions. This also can call self-control and self-
awareness.
• Uniqueness: The uniqueness and uniqueness of the person reveals
"that I cannot be represented by anyone else, but that I myself am for
me; that I cannot be replaced by another, but that I am unique".
 There also have many famous people talk about this:
 “In order to be irreplaceable, one must always be different.” -
Coco Chanel.
 “What sets you apart can sometimes feel like a burden and it's
not. And a lot of the time, it's what makes you great.” — Emma
Stone.
• The dangers of the person:
• Loses truth, selfishness, and hatred, violates love, apostasy from
righteousness. They need to see Psychologist.
• Human person dignity: Form modality of the good, of the valuable, of the
positive.
Bioethics:

(There have many points of view can relate to UN goal)

Environmental ethics:
A branch of applied philosophy, environmental ethics examines the
conceptual foundations of environmental values as well as more concrete
issues surrounding societal attitudes, actions, and policies related to
protecting and sustaining biodiversity and ecological systems.
• It aims to provide ethics justification and more motivation for the cause of
global environmental protection. Provides moral grounds for social
policies aimed at protecting the earth’s environment and remedying
environmental degradation.
• Water and air pollution, the depletion of natural resources, loss of
biodiversity, destruction of ecosystems, and global climate change are all
part of the environmental ethics debate.

Deontology:
Deontology is an ethical theory that uses rules to distinguish right from wrong.
Kant believed that ethical actions follow universal moral laws, such as “Don't
lie. Don't steal. Don't cheat.”

Legal medicine:
Legal medicine. It is the art of applying the knowledge and the precepts of
medicine to different questions of civil, criminal and canon law to enlighten or
to interpret appropriately. The goal of this is to make justice.
Medical philosophy: Tt provides the ideals, practicalities, and intellectual and
applied ends of medicine as a human activity.
• There has been a lot of confusion about what placebos and placebo
effects are for years. When given a placebo treatment, one may merely
feel better without being any healthier. The distinctions at work in these
types of definition: between active and inactive/inert, specific and non-
specific, and subjective and objective, have been problematized. Others
attempt to define placebo effects and placebos by arguing that
therapeutic effects are modulated or caused by contexts in which
treatments are delivered, as well as by the meaning that treatments have
for patients.

Philosophy of nature:
In Aristotle, nature is defined as "the reason for being moved and at rest, and
the place to which it belongs as its source or cause". Essentially, nature is the
principle within a natural raw material that causes it to have tendencies to
change or rest in a certain way until it is stopped.
The 3 basic ethical principles and the applicability to clinical trails

The basic ethic of principle includes Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and
Justice.

The respect for persons, the report promotes the idea that is most cases,
respect for persons demands that people enter into research voluntarily and
with adequate information.

The beneficence, the Belmont report identifies 2 general and complementary

rules regarding beneficence, include do not harm and maximize possible
benefits and minimize possible harms.

The justice, the Belmont report considers the need to scrutinize whether some
classes of people, include economically disadvantage, racial and ethnic
minorities, or persons confines to institution.

These protections range from ensuring that the individual understands all the
processes and is freely participating in the research, to excluding the
individual from harm.
The second, in short, emphasizes maximize of benefits, and minimize of
potential harms.
SDC time line
1891 ‐On the Condition of Labor (Rerum Novarum), Pope Leo XIII
Working conditions of the time were difficult- low pay, a surplus of workers for the
number of unskilled labor jobs meant workers were easily replaced. This
groundbreaking social encyclical addresses the dehumanizing situations wherein
many employee’s exertion and affirms employees’ rights to simply wages, rest, and
honest treatment, to shape unions, and to strike if necessary.

1931 ‐ On Reconstructing the Social Order (Quadragesimo Anno), Pope Pius XI

He introduced the idea of subsidiarity, and proposed the reconstruction of society
into new structures that could contain all companies inside society operating
collectively for all people. He describes the essential risks for human freedom and
dignity springing up from unrestrained capitalism, socialism, and totalitarian
communism.

1961 ‐ On Christianity and Social Progress (Mater et Magistra),Pope John XXIII

It describes a necessity to work towards an authentic community in order to promote
human dignity. Noting that gains in science and technology should not lead to
economic disparity but should instead benefit the common good. He calls for greater
participation of workers in industry and new forms of agricultural support and notes
that respect for culture must be emphasized in the Church’s missionary activities.

1963 ‐ Peace on Earth (Pacem in Terris),Pope John XXIII

The rights and obligations of individuals and of the state, as well as the proper
relations between states. He emphasizes basic human rights and responsibilities,
calls for an end to the arms race 4 based on trust and respect for human rights, and
supports the creation of a world authority to protect the universal common good.

1965 ‐ The Church in the Modern World (Gaudium et Spes), Second Vatican Council
The Council emphasizes the Church's concern for human dignity, the solidarity of the
human community, the important role of work and human action in the world, and
the Church's commitment to society and the world. The second part focuses on
marriage and family, cultural diversity, social and economic life, political life, peace
and war, international cooperation and the need for holistic human development
that puts people first, and includes spiritual development
1965 ‐ Declaration on Religious Freedom (Dignitatis Humanae),Second Vatican
Council
That every human person has a right to religious freedom. The fact that true faith is
only possible in freedom. Freedom of religion should be enshrined in law by all
governments.

1967 ‐ On the Development of People’s (Populorum Progressio),Pope Paul VI

In response to the worsening situation of the poor around the world, unjust
economic structures that have led to inequality and underdevelopment, including
the inequalities of the market system, the effects of Economic Justice

1971 ‐ A Call to Action (Octogesima Adveniens),Pope Paul VI

The new societal problems related to urbanization, the situation of workers, women
and youth, discrimination, and attitudes towards immigrants from poor countries
and notes that “preferential respect” should be given to the poor

1971 ‐ Justice the World(Justitia in Mundo), Synod of Bishops

It notes the failure of development, overspending on armaments, environmental
damage, the domination of the economic system by wealthy nations, and the lack of
access by poor countries to those things necessary to fulfill their “right” to
development.

1975 ‐ On Evangelization in the Modern World (Evangelii Nuntiandi),Pope Paul VI

An evangelization that transforms both individual believers and social structures. It
includes the development and liberation of peoples from oppressive structures that
cause famine, disease, and poverty

1979 ‐ Redeemer of Man (Redemptor Hominis),Pope John Paul II

He questions consumer attitudes and materialism, the adequacy of current economic
and political structures to address injustices, noting the degradation of the
environment and economic structures that lead to inequality.

1981 ‐ On Human Work (Laborem Exercens), Pope John Paul II

He emphasizes the dignity of labor and notes that through work, the human person
can share in the activity of the Creator. That labor should be prioritized over capital—
that the worker should be valued more than profit. We must protect the rights of
workers to employment, to just wages and to organize unions, among others.

不用 1983 ‐ The Challenge of Peace, United States Catholic bishops

Just war and nonviolence. The bishops condemn the use of nuclear weapons against
civilian populations, the deliberate initiation of nuclear warfare, and the arms race,
and note that nuclear deterrence is only to be used as a step toward progressive
disarmament.

不用 1986 ‐ Economic Justice for All, United States Catholic bishops

“New American experiment” for the common good in order to address economic
issues related to poverty, employment, food and agriculture, and developing nations.
The bishops highlight the moral implications of the U.S. and global economies and
discuss the need for government guidance to ensure that the free market benefits,
instead of hurts, the poor.

1987 ‐ On Social Concern (Sollicitudo Rei Socialis),Pope John Paul II

He notes that besides the East-West divisions, there are now also North-South
divisions, with the rich-poor gap continually widening. He notes that besides the
East-West divisions, there are now also North-South divisions, with the rich-poor gap
continually widening. John Paul II notes the “structures of sin” such as the desire for
profit and thirst for power that help create the evil of poverty and threats to life. He
calls for solidarity between rich and poor nations to attain true development and
peace.

1991‐ On the Hundredth Year (Centesimus Annus),Pope John Paul II

This about the dignity of work the rights of workers. He calls for a just society based
on the rights of workers, economic initiative, and participation.

1995 ‐ The Gospel of Life (Evangelium Vitae), Pope John Paul II

He proclaims the good news of the value and dignity of each human life while
decrying the culture of death and calling for a renewed culture of life. The threats to
life, especially abortion, euthanasia, experimentation on human embryos, and the
death penalty. 墮胎、安樂死、人類胚胎實驗和死刑. He say we must be people of
life who stand “for all life and for the life of everyone”
2004 ‐ God is Love (Deus Caritas Est),Pope Benedict XVI
He notes that the “exercise of charity” is one of the Church’s three “essential
activities. The Church must form the consciences of the laity so that they can work
for a just ordering of society. Their political activity should be lived as “social charity,”
infused with the light of faith and love.

2009 ‐ Charity in Truth (Caritas in Veritate),Pope Benedict XVI

He lifts up love, or charity, as the “extraordinary force” that leads people to faith-
inspired engagement in the world. In the face of a global economic crisis, the need
for “a new vision for the future” guided by love. He emphasizes the international
community’s duty toward solidarity which should be realized in many ways, such as
attention to the needs of workers and immigrants and development assistance to
poor countries, which should be implemented in a way that prioritizes respect for life
and the authentic human development of the person.

 1981
He emphasizes the dignity of work and points out that through work human
person can participate in the work of the Creator. That labor must take
precedence over capital, that the worker must be worth more than profit. We
must protect workers' rights. We should create the fair chance for employment
and wages and organize trade unions, among other things. This also applies
to modern society, in the United Nations goal 8 “Promote sustained, inclusive
and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent
work for all”, this goal also achieves what did Pope John Paul II mention in
“On Human Work” in 1981. Decent employment for all — including women,
people with disabilities, youth, the elderly and migrants — is a cornerstone of
socio-economic development. Apart from generating the resources needed for
decent living standards and achieving life goals, work provides opportunities
for meaningful engagement in society, which promotes a sense of self-worth,
purpose, and social inclusion. Higher employment rates are a key condition
for making societies more inclusive by reducing poverty and inequality in and
between regions and social groups.