Radiographic Technique of the extremities and spine

RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURE OF SACCRUM

AND COXIGEUS

LEARNING OBJECTIVE

After studying this module, you are expected to be able to generate

images Saccrum and Coxigeus check. But before you are expected more can
first explain the meaning of examination of the Saccrum and Coxigeus, the
purpose of the examination Saccrum and Coxigeus Anatomy Examination of
Saccrum and Coxigeus, indications and contraindications Examination of the
Saccrum and Coxigeus, preparatory procedures, steps, radiographic criteria,
radiation protection of examination Saccrum and Coxigeus

MATERIAL DESCRIPTION

This module contains:

Overview of Saccrum and Coxigeus Examination

MODULE OVERVIEW

1. Definition
The sacrum is a bone whose shape resembles a triangle or curve formed
by 5 fused vertebrae. The sacrum is where the spine joins.
While Os coccygeus or coccyx is a triangular shaped bone that is at the
end of the spine. This bone is attached to the sacrum bone or sacral bone
which is located in the area around the right and left buttocks.

2. Goals

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 Radiographic Technique of the extremities and spine

conventional radiographic examination techniques using x-rays to see

abnormalities that occur in the body of the saccrum and coccygeus.
3. Anatomy

4. Indications
Indications for examining the Saccrum and coccygeus :
- Fracture

PRACTICE STEPS

Spondylosis
A. The Equipment
 X-ray machine
 Grids
 cassette and film 18x24 cm
 Load divider
 Markers

B. Patient Preparation
The inspected area is free of objects metal

C. Examination Technique

 AP Axial Sacrum projection

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Radiographic Technique of the extremities and spine

Shows fracture
o Patient preparation:
- before inspection, VU preferably empty and nothing agar image and
fecal material
- don't spoil the picture
o Patient position: supine patient position
o Object Position:
- MSP is set in the middle of the cassette
- Make sure there is no rotation in the pelvis
o CP 5 cm superior to the symphysis pubis,
o CR 15° cephalad
o SID: 100 cm

o Description Criteria

 AP Axial Coccyk Projection

Showing fracture
o Patient preparation:
- before inspection, VU preferably blank, and no aerial view and fecal
material so don't disturb the picture
o Patient preparation :
- before inspection, VU preferably empty and nothing agar image and
fecal material
- don't spoil the picture

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Radiographic Technique of the extremities and spine

o Patient position:
- Position the patient supine
- padded on the knee as comfortable as possible
o Object Position:
- MSP is set in mid
- cassette
- Make sure there is no rotation of the pelvis
o Central Point 5 cm superior symphysis pubis,
o Central Ray 10° caudad
o SID: 100 cm

o Descriprion Criteria

o Lateral Saccrum Projection

Showing fracture

o Patient position: Lateral recumbent

o Object Position:
- Sacrum placed in the middle of the table inspection
- Knee flexion
- Give padding on the waist and both legs
- Make sure pelvis & body are true laterally

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Radiographic Technique of the extremities and spine

o CR perpendicular to the cassette,

o CP 8 –10 cm behind ASIS
o SID: 100 cm

o Description Criteria

 Proyeksi Lateral Coccyk

Showing fracture

o Patient position: Lateral recumbent

o Object Position:
- Sacrum placed in the middle of the table
- Inspection
- Knee flexion
- Give padding on the waist and
both legs
- Make sure pelvis & body are true
laterally
o CR perpendicular to the cassette,

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Radiographic Technique of the extremities and spine

o CP 8 –10 cm behind, 5 cm distal to ASIA

o SID: 100 cm

SUMMARY

1. The sacrum is a bone whose shape resembles a triangle or curve formed by

5 fused vertebrae. The sacrum is where the spine joins.
2. While Os coccygeus or coccyx is a triangular shaped bone that is at the end
of the spine. This bone is attached to the sacrum bone or sacral bone which
is located in the area around the right and left buttocks.

EVALUATION

1. Evaluate all procedures and radiograph results obtained by making practice

reports Radiographic practicum report preparation structure
Chapter I Introduction
- inspection purposes
- relevant theoretical basis
chapter II implementation of practice
a. preparation of tools & materials

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Radiographic Technique of the extremities and spine

b. radiographic procedure
c. radiograph results
chapter III discussion
a. practice implementation analysis

REFERENCE

a. Lampignano (2018), Texbook of Radiography positioning and Related Anatomy,

Mosby, Sidney. Toronto.
b. Bushong Stewart. (2001), Radiologic Science for Technologists: Physiscs,
Biology and Protection, 7th ed. Mosby, Sidney. Toronto.
c. K.C. Clark. (2003), Positioning in Radiography and Related Anatomy,
d. Philip W. Balinger. (2003), Meril’s Atlas of Radiographic Positioning and
Radiologic Procedures, Mosby.Mosby, Sidney. Toronto.
e. Vinita Merrill, Atlas of Rontgenographic position and standart radiation
procedure.
f. Felayani F, dkk. 2021 .Rancang Bangun Alat Bantu Positioning Untuk
Pemeriksaan Radiografi Pedis Pada Kasus Trauma