Operations Research

Lecture 4
Instructor:
Dr: Abdelhamid Mostafa
 Exercise
• A Company produces two types of products.
Type 1 requires 1 K.G of raw material, and 1 hour of
direct labor per unit . Type 2 requires 2 K.G of raw
material, 1 hour of hand work per unit.
8 K.G are available for raw material, 4 hours for
direct labor , and 3 hours for hand work.
Each unit of Type 1 produces $2 profit, and each
unit of Type 2 yields $5 profit.
Use the simplex method to find the maximum
profit and the production schedule that will
produce this profit.
Let x1= number of units of type 1
x2= number of units of type 2
Maximize profit Z= 2x1+ 5x2

x1 x2 Availability
Raw material 1 2 8
Direct labor 1 0 4
Hand work 0 1 3

10
 Formulating the model
Maximize Z= 2x1+5x2
Subject to:
x1+2x2 ≤ 8
x1 ≤ 4
x2 ≤ 3

x1 , x2 ≥ 0
We can add a new variable (s), called a slack
variable, so that we get an equality:

s
x1+2x2 + 1= 8
x1 + s2 = 4
x 2 + s3 = 3
The first table:

Main Constants
Variables x1 x2 s1 s2 s3

Z 2 5 0 0 0 0

s1 1 2 1 0 0 8

s2 1 0 0 1 0 4

s3 0 0 0 1 3
1
Main column (x2)..max positive number in (z) row

Main row
s1=8÷2 =4
s2=4÷0=∞

s3=3÷1=3 (least number)

Key number=1 (intersection between the main
column and the main row)
‫ونتنتتا‬
Main row÷ key number(1)=(0 ,1 ,0 ,0 ,1,3)
s2 row (no change) because the intersection with
main row = 0
Z row: s1 row:
2-(0×5)=2 1-(0×2)=1
5-(1×5)=0 2-(1×2)=0
0-(0×5)=0 1-(0×2)=1
0-(0×5)=0 0-(0×2)=0
0-(1×5)=-5 0-(1×2)=-2
0-(3×5)=-15 8-(3×2)=2
The second table:

Main Constants
Variables
x1 x2 s1 s2 s3

Z 2 0 0 0 -5
15
s1 0 1 0 -2 2
1
s2 1 0 0 1 0 4

x2 0 1 0 0 0 3
Main column (x1)..max positive number in (z) row

Main row

s1=2÷1 =2 (least number)

s2=4÷1=4
x2=3÷0=∞
Key number=1
‫ونتنتتا‬
The third table:

Main Constants
Variables x1 x2 s1 s2 s3

Z 0 0 -2 0 -1
19
x1 1 0 1 0 -2 2

s2 0 0 -1 1 2 2

x2 0 1 0 0 0 3
Maximum profit=19
Products:
x1=2
x2=3
Slack variables:
s1=0
s2=2
s3=0
Z=2x1 +5 x2 (Objective function)
Z= 2(2)+5(3)= 19(profit)
Cost of resources:
= available resources × positive value of (s) in z
row:
8 × 2 =16
4 × 0 =0
3 × 1=3
Sum =19 (profit)