Started on Tuesday, 28 February 2023, 7:09 AM

State Finished
Completed on Tuesday, 28 February 2023, 7:59 AM
Time taken 50 mins 7 secs
Marks 84.80/112.00
Grade 7.57 out of 10.00 (76%)

Question 1

Correct Classification and Causes of Pulmonary Edema

Mark 4.00 out
of 4.00

Direct injury
Infections: bacterial pneumonia 

Decreased oncotic pressure

Hypoalbuminemia 

Indirect injury
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 

Increased hydrostatic pressure

Left-sided heart failure 

Your answer is correct.

The correct answer is:

Direct injury
→ Infections: bacterial pneumonia,

Decreased oncotic pressure

→ Hypoalbuminemia,
Indirect injury
→ Systemic inflammatory response syndrome,

Increased hydrostatic pressure

→ Left-sided heart failure
:
 Question 2

Correct Various forms of acquired atelectasis

Mark 3.00 out
of 3.00

Compression 

Resorption 

Contraction 

Your answer is correct.

The correct answer is:
→ Compression,
→ Resorption,
→ Contraction
:
 Question 3
The relative proportions of the major Lung Cancer categories are:
Partially
correct

Mark 1.00 out Squamous cell carcinoma

20% 
of 5.00

Large cell carcinoma

15% 

Small cell carcinoma

2% 

Adenocarcinoma
13% 

Other
50% 

Your answer is partially correct.

You have correctly selected 1.
The correct answer is:

Squamous cell carcinoma

→ 20%,
Large cell carcinoma
→ 2%,

Small cell carcinoma

→ 15%,

Adenocarcinoma
→ 50%,
Other
→ 13%

Question 4 The left mainstem bronchus is more vertical and directly in line with the trachea
Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out Select one:

of 1.00
True 

False

The correct answer is 'False'.

:
 Question 5 Damage to alveolar epithelial cells and secondaryinflammation are the key initiating events and the basis of
Correct lung damage in ARDS
Mark 1.00 out
of 1.00 Select one:
True

False 

The correct answer is 'False'.

:
 Question 6

Partially Clinical Feature                       Pathologic Basis

correct
Cough (50%–75%)                 Involvement of central airways
Hemoptysis (25%–50%)          Hemorrhage from tumor in airway
Mark 9.00 out
of 11.00 
Chest pain (20%)                     Tumor obstruction 
Pneumonia, abscess               Airway obstruction by tumor 
Lipoid pneumonia                  Extension of tumor into chest wall

Pleural effusion                      Tumor spread into pleura

Hoarseness                            Recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion

Dysphagia                              Esophageal invasion 
Diaphragm paralysis               Phrenic nerve invasion 
Rib destruction                       Chest wall invasion 
Horner syndrome                   Sympathetic ganglia invasion


Your answer is partially correct.

You have correctly selected 9.
The correct answer is:

Clinical Feature                       Pathologic Basis

Cough (50%–75%)                 [Involvement of central airways]
Hemoptysis (25%–50%)          [Hemorrhage from tumor in airway]
Chest pain (20%)                    [Extension of tumor into chest wall]
Pneumonia, abscess               [Airway obstruction by tumor]
Lipoid pneumonia                  [Tumor obstruction]
Pleural effusion                      [Tumor spread into pleura]
Hoarseness                            [Recurrent laryngeal nerve invasion]
Dysphagia                              [Esophageal invasion]
Diaphragm paralysis               [Phrenic nerve invasion]
Rib destruction                       [Chest wall invasion]
Horner syndrome                   [Sympathetic ganglia invasion]
:
 Question 7 Pulmonary edema is excessive interstitial fluid in the alveoli andcan result from hemodynamic disturbances
Correct

Mark 1.00 out Select one:

of 1.00
True 

False

The correct answer is 'True'.

Question 8 There is no strong association between heavy cigarette smoking and COPD
Correct

Mark 1.00 out Select one:

of 1.00
True

False 

The correct answer is 'False'.

:
 Question 9

Correct Clinically significant patterns of emphysema

Mark 3.00 out
of 3.00

normal acinus 

Centriacinar emphysema 

Panacinar emphysema 

Your answer is correct.

The correct answer is:

→ normal acinus,

→ Centriacinar emphysema,

→ Panacinar emphysema
:
 Question 10 Hemodynamic pulmonary edema is caused by increased hydrostatic pressure and occurs most commonly in
Correct right sided congestive heart failure
Mark 1.00 out
of 1.00 Select one:
True

False 

The correct answer is 'False'.

Question 11 Alveolar epithelium, a continuous layer of two cell types: flat, plate-like type II pneumocytes, covering 95% of
Correct the alveolar surface, and rounded type I pneumocytes
Mark 1.00 out
of 1.00 Select one:
True

False 

The correct answer is 'False'.

Question 12

Partially Predominant Features of Emphysema and

correct
Chronic Bronchitis
Mark 2.00 out
of 14.00
                                            Bronchitis                                                                                    Emphysema
Age, years                              50–75                                   
40–45 

Dyspnea                                Mild; late                                   

Severe; early 

Infections                              Occasional                                    

Common 

Respiratory insufficiency        End-stage                                    

Early, periodic 

Airway resistance                    Normal or slightly increased                                                                   

Increased 

Elastic recoil                            Low                                  

Normal 

Appearance                            Pink puffer                                  

Blue bloater 
:
   

Your answer is partially correct.

You have correctly selected 2.
The correct answer is:

Predominant Features of Emphysema and

Chronic Bronchitis
                                            Bronchitis                                                                                    Emphysema
Age, years                             [40–45]                                                                  [50–75]

Dyspnea                                [Mild; late]                                                                  [Severe; early]

Infections                              [Common]                                                                   [Occasional]

Respiratory insufficiency       [Early, periodic]                                                                   [End-stage]

Airway resistance                   [Increased]                                                                 [Normal or slightly increased]

Elastic recoil                            [Normal]                                                               [Low]

Appearance                            [Blue bloater]                                                                [Pink puffer]

:
   

Question 13 Atelectasis refers either to complete expansion of the lungs

Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out Select one:

of 1.00
True 

False

The correct answer is 'False'.

Question 14 ARDS is a clinical syndrome of progressive respiratory insufficiency caused by diffuse alveolar damage
Correct

Mark 1.00 out Select one:

of 1.00
True 

False

The correct answer is 'True'.

Question 15 Asthma is distinguished from chronic bronchitis and emphysema by the presence of irreversible
Correct bronchospasm
Mark 1.00 out
of 1.00 Select one:
True

False 

The correct answer is 'False'.

:
 Question 16 A cluster of three to five terminal bronchioles, each with its appended acinus, is referred to as the pulmonary
Correct lobule
Mark 1.00 out
of 1.00 Select one:
True 

False

The correct answer is 'True'.

Question 17

Partially Microscopic structure of the alveolar wall

correct

Mark 4.00 out

of 6.00
ALVEOLAR SPACE Type I pneumocyte CAPILLARY LUMEN Interstitial cell Endothelium Type II pneumocyte

Your answer is partially correct.

You have correctly selected 4.

Question 18 Developmentally, the respiratory system is an outgrowth from the ventral wall of the foregut
Correct

Mark 1.00 out Select one:

of 1.00
True 

False

The correct answer is 'True'.

:
 Question 19

Partially Pneumonia Syndromes

correct

Mark 5.00 out

of 7.00
Health Care–Associated Pneumonia
Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-sensitive 

Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
Gram-negative rods, Enterobacteriaceae 

Pneumonia in the Immunocompromised Host

Pneumocystis jiroveci 

Aspiration Pneumonia
Anaerobic oral flora , Bacteroides 

Chronic Pneumonia
Granulomatous: Mycobacterium tuberculosis 

Necrotizing Pneumonia and Lung Abscess

Streptococcus pneumoniae 

Community-Acquired Acute Pneumonia

Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-sensitive 

Your answer is partially correct.

You have correctly selected 5.
The correct answer is:

Health Care–Associated Pneumonia

→ Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-sensitive,

Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia
→ Gram-negative rods, Enterobacteriaceae,
Pneumonia in the Immunocompromised Host
→ Pneumocystis jiroveci,

Aspiration Pneumonia
→ Anaerobic oral flora , Bacteroides,

Chronic Pneumonia
→ Granulomatous: Mycobacterium tuberculosis,

Necrotizing Pneumonia and Lung Abscess

→ Staphylococcus aureus,

Community-Acquired Acute Pneumonia

→ Streptococcus pneumoniae
:
 Question 20 Profound dyspnea and tachypnea herald ALI/ARDS, followed by increasing respiratory failure
Correct

Mark 1.00 out Select one:

of 1.00
True 

False

The correct answer is 'True'.

Question 21 The clinical distinction between these OBSTRUCTIVE AND RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASES is based primarily
Correct on pulmonary function tests
Mark 1.00 out
of 1.00 Select one:
True 

False

The correct answer is 'True'.

Question 22
Pathologic Picture
Partially
correct

Mark 23.00 out Adenocarcinoma in situ, mucinous subtype

of 24.00


Pulmonary hamartoma


Advanced silicosis


Choose...
:
 Blastomycosis, Lung


Bronchopneumonia

Bronchus from an asthmatic patient showing goble

Large saddle embolus from the femoral vein


lung showing two abscesses



Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia


Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma show

Lobar pneumonia—gray hepatization

Bullous emphysema

:
 Acute hemorrhagic pulmonary infarct.


Centriacinar emphysema

Bronchial carcinoid


Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis



Acute pneumonia, early red hepatization


interstitial pneumonia

Lobar pneumonia

Bronchiectasis in a patient with cystic fibrosis

noncaseating sarcoidal granulomas,Bronchus

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Panacinar emphysema

:
 Your answer is partially correct.
You have correctly selected 23.
The correct answer is:
→ Adenocarcinoma in situ, mucinous subtype,

→ Pulmonary hamartoma,

→ Advanced silicosis,

→ Small cell carcinoma,Lung,

→ Blastomycosis, Lung,

→ Bronchopneumonia,
→ Bronchus from an asthmatic patient showing goblet cell hyperplasia,
→ Large saddle embolus from the femoral vein,
:
 → lung showing two abscesses,

→ Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia,

→ Well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma showing keratinization,
→ Lobar pneumonia—gray hepatization,
→ Bullous emphysema,

→ Acute hemorrhagic pulmonary infarct.,

→ Centriacinar emphysema,
→ Bronchial carcinoid,

→ Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis,

:
 → Acute pneumonia, early red hepatization,
→ interstitial pneumonia,
→ Lobar pneumonia,
→ Bronchiectasis in a patient with cystic fibrosis,
→ noncaseating sarcoidal granulomas,Bronchus,
→ Hypersensitivity pneumonitis,
→ Panacinar emphysema

Question 23

Correct Classification and Causes of Pulmonary Edema

Mark 4.00 out
of 4.00

Decreased oncotic pressure

Hypoalbuminemia 

Indirect injury
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 

Increased hydrostatic pressure

Left-sided heart failure 

Direct injury
Infections: bacterial pneumonia 

Your answer is correct.

The correct answer is:

Decreased oncotic pressure

→ Hypoalbuminemia,
Indirect injury
→ Systemic inflammatory response syndrome,

Increased hydrostatic pressure

→ Left-sided heart failure,

Direct injury
→ Infections: bacterial pneumonia
:
 Question 24

Correct Disorders Associated With Airflow Obstruction

Mark 5.00 out
of 5.00

Bronchiectasis
Airway dilation and scarring 

Emphysema
Airspace enlargement; wall destruction 

Small airways disease,

bronchiolitis Inflammatory scarring/obliteration 

Asthma
Smooth muscle hyperplasia, excess mucus, inflammation 

Chronic bronchitis
Mucous gland hyperplasia, hypersecretion 

Your answer is correct.

The correct answer is:

Bronchiectasis
→ Airway dilation and scarring,
Emphysema
→ Airspace enlargement; wall destruction,
Small airways disease,
bronchiolitis
→ Inflammatory scarring/obliteration,

Asthma
→ Smooth muscle hyperplasia, excess mucus, inflammation,

Chronic bronchitis
→ Mucous gland hyperplasia, hypersecretion
:
 Question 25

Partially Comparison of a normal airway and an airway involved by asthma

correct

Mark 0.80 out

of 1.00

IMMEDIATE PHASE (MINUTES) 

TRIGGERING OF ASTHMA 

NORMAL AIRWAY 

IMMEDIATE PHASE (MINUTES) 

LATE PHASE (HOURS) 

Your answer is partially correct.

You have correctly selected 4.
The correct answer is:
→ AIRWAY IN ASTHMA,
→ TRIGGERING OF ASTHMA,

→ NORMAL AIRWAY,

→ IMMEDIATE PHASE (MINUTES),

→ LATE PHASE (HOURS)
:
 Question 26 COPD is a common, preventable and treatable disease that is characterized by persistent respiratory
Correct symptoms and airflow limitation
Mark 1.00 out
of 1.00 Select one:
True 

False

The correct answer is 'True'.

Question 27 Obstructive lung diseases are characterized by an decreasein resistance to airflow due to diffuse airway
Incorrect disease
Mark 0.00 out
of 1.00 Select one:
True 

False

The correct answer is 'False'.

:
 Question 28

Correct Conditions Associated With Development of

Mark 6.00 out Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
of 6.00

Hematologic Conditions
Disseminated intravascular coagulation 

Inhaled Irritants
Oxygen toxicity 

Physical/Injury
Near-drowning 

Chemical Injury
Heroin or methadone overdose 

Infection
Sepsis 

Hypersensitivity Reactions
Drugs 

Your answer is correct.

The correct answer is:

Hematologic Conditions
→ Disseminated intravascular coagulation,

Inhaled Irritants
→ Oxygen toxicity,

Physical/Injury
→ Near-drowning,

Chemical Injury
→ Heroin or methadone overdose,

Infection
→ Sepsis,

Hypersensitivity Reactions
→ Drugs
:
 Question 29 An FEV1/FVC ratio of less than 1.0 generally indicates obstructive disease
Incorrect

Mark 0.00 out Select one:

of 1.00
True 

False

The correct answer is 'False'.

Question 30 The alveolar walls are perforated by numerous pores of Kohn, which permit the passage of bacteria and
Correct exudate between adjacent alveoli
Mark 1.00 out
of 1.00 Select one:
True 

False

The correct answer is 'True'.

Question 31 Restrictive diseases are associated with proportionate decreases in both total lung capacity and FEV1, such
Correct that the FEV1/FVC ratio remains normal
Mark 1.00 out
of 1.00 Select one:
True 

False

The correct answer is 'True'.

Question 32 Common obstructive lung diseases include chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, and
Correct bronchiectasis
Mark 1.00 out
of 1.00 Select one:
True 

False

The correct answer is 'True'.

: