-v iR = Fixed resistion

-
R
1-
=

12
H
=

fi
variable resis

JR
*
depends on

① Noe
of Nat
>Dimension of conduction
-
1-

R2h *m-
- ⑦-o
R

+ R1 =

9: Resistivity cons specific sesishe

ft =
=omm- ~

m
firohm-m
D. F
 2
4((
1
3
x 1,211
=
=
=
1
*T

i
E
=

= B it =
R
y
=

4
=

R 4(22x
=
2
3
+

f 2F yzz
=

3 =

123 3
2
=
f =

a <r
22k
*
*
=
(A (t) =

Ry- 1 1 =

R+
4R
*inz x
4
=

E ↳

*
x100 Exin (Small che)
=
 R=
RCI
*
#2

R0zzz= r
in case
Small chase

⑭ (w
4 X10
-

X
=

=
=

24 x 10
*
x* When Iconduct is
R
et=
stached (or alongated
come Twista
R
f1 xt 12 Ase9
= =
-

** R 1.
=
RCi(v cout]
-
=

E2=72
4 24L
=

T
 R 1d
=

may

R 1X
*R
IX
*
* =
=

=>
A2

RxZz(X cout) =

-R. (E12
=

X10 =
-

2(A) an
RC c
=>
y
+

RC
A (Ar
4
2
i ()
=

#RXIN =
-

4kXX1a
x*M
ec
=

⑯
R.
2X=Enn
=

⑭
* xi

R1
=

I *

Reax--d
Rain=

=1
*
*
 fin Max insulat -100 to 1022
Min conduct isration

(4) # A
Conductivity = =

9 RA

R l
#
A
=

# uSiemen
RA
f
D.Fi-4( (y3
= -

l
+
312
↓
44'37 32
-

No R and & bath are

depend on
Terp & impuriti
win
immut Pt (t
Lt - Lo
2 =
&al

⑦:
 Rt-Ro 4Rot
=
22,5
=
at)
+

Rt R0 4 Bot
= +

Rt Rc(1
=

2t)
+

scritten at th
x' if the
of it wise

is and at the is R2
R,
R=20 2 2t) +
-
0
R220(1 (t +
2) -
2

⑭
=

,
①
2=
②

x
1,t,
=

<i. te Resina
if Tepine <Netc) -

- xx
if Tepina Resista des
-

<Semiconduci)
combination
of resistin

Serie
current Cont
o
Instant
1
set 1 -

)
3)
i cout
=

i, i iz
= =
-
i
=
11
⑧ i,i (c i s1:1:1
=
=
⑭
iR

I
X 1, 11 13 XcR
= +
- +

iR 1,2, +i2Ru 3RX.X.X R, RCRs

= + =

iR iR + iRc iR]
=
+

2 R.=
P2 R3
+ +

- Rs nR =
&
X
x[i+a2+2]
=
i 1 =
=

1
i=
R. BtRe,
e 1)
↑I Seas ii i
I =
R, RIR2

Y 1
=

[ Rz]
"yi
=
12
&2 Selie iz=i

I= 2,+R2

12
"[a]
=
Mandel combination

) poletic continual
e↳
i
10

1
- y 1213
= =

x
=

- X,:(2:1z11:1 =

-
x iR
-
=
1

=
i =

-iii.iz 1,:k s
=

-
i i,+ i is
= +

E,1 n+ =
+

⑭ . + zis - +
a
tz is
res]
=

k
=
-

R,R2

⑭RY-
idential resist
*
in parl
are
Ep +1
+
Rp =
⑭
-
 mine]
) i i+ i

7
=

- Y yz =
x
=
1
iR
i,p, izk=
=

i,p, izRzi R2
=
=
I ↑
V

R1+ R2 R2
R=
R,592
SiR i
R2 =

R.7R2

=i
i

z]
-iRk i =

R1 RL
+

[RR]
i=i
 Note idential
a resists are Ist
connects in Silier and nextcom

-and in paedlel

Is R
...

n
y
=

⑮
f of oxistite
sandtwo wires
-

cross Secta A,
22 and
-
are
of Ed A2
leath
of same counter
paodbl
as in
-
-

-
- Eb E
+
 idental a= Az 4

E2
21
=
+

z E, Ez 1 72 9 12
= + +
=
=

⑦ee &

in'idetel 1
1+1...eu
=

9
-
#+Az

T Eb E
=
+

#A
TA
E

f
A-1
e
=
 L1 12

Serie #0
(A cout]
= 91 92
M R. + R2
=

(l l1 =
en
+

in
et( 1, th =

&[4 12) 9.4 7/2

+ =
+

f
U
=

idety 1=1 f

Die