Formulario Transferencia de Calor

Dr. Roberto Carlos Cabriales Gómez, FIME-UANL

Área de círculo y anillo Volumen, area

πd 2 Gasto másico Esfera

Av⃗
2 superficial cilindro
A = πr = = 0.785d 2
4
m· = ρA v ⃗ =
2 ·
4 π V = Abase × h = π r h
= AV V = π r 3 A = 4π r 2
A= π (re2 − ri2) = (de2 − di2) As = P × L = π d L v 3
4
· ΔT · · 4 4 · Q
Qcond = − k A Qconv = h As(Tw − T∞) Qrad = εσAs(Tobj − Talred ) Q= (W ) o (Bt u /h)
Δx t
εσ (T w4 − T ∞
4
) W Bt u
hcomb = hconv + hrad hrad = σ = 5.6704 × 10−8 σ = 0.1714 × 10−8
Tw − T∞ m2 ⋅ K4 h ⋅ f t2 ⋅ R4
· ΔTTotal Δx 1 ln(ro /ri ) ro − ri
Q= Rcond = Rconv = Rcil = Resf = rc = kA /h
RTotal kA h As 2πk L 4π riro k
· 2πk L (Tout − Tin ) 1
Qtubo = − r · Autor

R= L
ln( o ) V = IR ⇒ ΔT = Q RT 1
+
1
+
1
...
Relect = ρ resist ivid a d(ρ)
A
Dr . Rober to

ri Ca br i ales Ra Rb Rc

· ·
( L )
∂ 2T ∂ 2T ∂ 2T Qvol ρCp ∂T Qvol 1 ∂T T2 − T1
2 Tx = x + T1
+ + + = ∇ T+ =
∂x 2 ∂y 2 ∂z 2 k k ∂t k α ∂t

r 2 ∂r ( ∂r ) r 2 si n 2 θ ∂ϕ ( ∂ϕ )
1 ∂ 2 ∂T 1 ∂ ∂T
2 · 2 2 k r + k

∂ T 1 ∂T 1 ∂ T ∂ T Qvol 1 ∂T
+ + + + =
r si n θ ∂θ ( ∂θ )
1 ∂ ∂T · ∂T
∂r 2 r ∂r r 2 ∂ϕ 2 ∂z 2 k α ∂t + 2 k si n θ + Qvol = ρCp
∂t
· · ·
QVol 2 Qvol 2 Q V2
Tx = (L − x 2 ) + Tw Tr = (ro − r 2 ) + Tw ·e = Q· = gen Q
·
= W
·
= V I = I 2
R =
gen vol gen elec
2k 4k Vol R
·
Aletas sección constante
Autor
Q · d 2T h P
· ηf = · 0 Qw = h PL θ0 − (T − T∞) = 0
Qw = h As(T0 − T∞) θ0 = (T0 − T∞) θ = (Tx − T∞) Qw d x2 k A
Dr . Rober to

Ca br i ales

d 2θ hP 2h
− m 2θ = 0 Sol. gral.: θ = C1e m x + C2 e −m x m2 = Solo en Aletas Rectangulares m≈
d x2 k Ac kt
Aletas Largas L=∞
· · · 1
θ = θ0 e −m x Q0 = k A m θ0 Qx = k A m θ0 e −m x Qconvx = k A m θ0(1 − e −m x ) ηf = L (300) > t
mL
h h
cosh[m(L − x)] + ( km )sinh[m(L − x)] · sinh(m L) + ( km )cosh(m L)
Aletas Cortas θ = θ0 h
Q0 = k A m θ0 h
cosh(m L) + ( km )sinh(m L) cosh(m L) + ( km )sinh(m L)

Aletas Cortas Extremo Aislado

t
Rect. Lc = L +

( 2k )
2 2
cosh[m(L − x)] · tanh(m L) ht 1 d
θ = θ0 Q0 = k A m θ0 tanh(m L) ηf = ≤ Cilind. Lc = L +
cosh(m L) mL 2 4
 ·
Q0 · · · · ·
Al. Anulares ηf = · Qw = 2πh(r22 − r12 )θ0 Qesp = 2πhr1(S − t)θ0 QTotal = #aletas(Q0 + Qesp )
Qw
·
Diferencias Finitas 2D para Tm+1,n + Tm−1,n + Tm,n+1 + Tm,n−1 + Qgen /(e ⋅ k)
iteraciones de Gauss-Siedel Esta ble : Tm,n =
4
p+1 p p p p p
T r a n sitor io m etod o ex plicito : Tm,n = Fo(Tm+1,n + Tm−1,n + Tm,n+1 + Tm,n−1) + [1 − 4(Fo )]Tm,n Fo ≤ 1/4
Transitorio sist. concentrados:
αΔt αt hΔx h Lc T + T∞

( Ti − T∞ )
Fo = = Bi = = Tprom = i T − T∞ h As V
Δx 2 Lc2 k k 2 ln =− t Bi ≤ 0.1 Lc =
ρVCp As

Convección Forzada Externa Convección Forzada Interna

· T + T∞ · TE + TS
Qconv = h As(Tw − T∞) Tprom ⇒ Tf = w pr op . a Tf Qconv = h AsΔTlm Tprom ⇒ Tm = pr op . a Tm
2 2
TS =
TE − TS
hx Nu ⋅ k f luido μCp ΔTlm =
ln ( T
w − TE )
( mC p)
#Nusselt Nu = h= Pr = − ·h A
Tw − TS
k x k Tw − (Tw − TE )e

Superficie x= L , flujo interno x = di = Dh , flujo externo

Autor
4AC 4a b 2a b
Dh = , ducto rect. Dh = =
x = de , Conv. Natural sup. Horizontal x = As /P, vertical x=L P 2(a + b) a+b
Dr . Rober to

Ca br i ales

⃗ v x⃗ ·
L v ⃗prom
2
v ρx m· F. interno Laminar Re < 2300
· mΔP ·
Re = = = Wbomba = = VΔP ΔP = f ρ
μ ν 0.785di μ F. exter Laminar Re<500,000 ρ
D 2
6.9 ε /D 1.11
[ Re ]
64 1 1
, f ≈( )
2
Laminar f = , Turbulento ≈ − 1.8L og +

[ Re ]
Re 3.7
+ ( 3.7 )
1.11
f 6.9 ε/D
−1.8 ⋅ L og

Rugosidad de acero
Flujo Interno
Flujo Interno L a min ar, Hau sen
comercial
T urbulento, Dit t u s − Boelter
0.065(D /L)RePr ε = 0.045m m = 0.00015f t

Nu = 0.023Re0.8 Pr n
Nu = 3.66 + Hierro fundido
n=0.3 enfria, n=0.4 calienta 1 + 0.04[(D /L)RePr]2/3
ε = 0.26m m = 0.00085f t
Flujo externo Laminar superficie
Flujo externo Turbulento sup.

· 1
Nu = 0.664Re Pr
1/2 1/3
Nu = 0.037Re Pr
0.8 1/3 · (T − T )
Q = mC β=
p S E
Tf (a bs)
Re < 5 × 10 5, Pr > 0.6 5 × 10 5 ≤ Re ≤ 107, 0.6 ≤ Pr ≤ 60

Convección Natural gβ(Ts − T∞)x 3 gβ(Ts − T∞)x 3

· T + T∞ Ra = Gr ⋅ Pr = ⋅ Pr =
Qconv = h As(Tw − T∞) Tprom ⇒ Tf = w pr op . a Tf ν2 να
2
Placa Vertical
1 ρ∞ − ρ Placa Horizontal
0.387Ra 1/6
Nu = {0.825 +
[1 + (0.492/Pr)9/16]8/27 }
β =− 2
Nu = 0.54Ra 1/4 Ra : 10 4 − 107

ρ T∞ − T Nu = 0.15Ra 1/3 Ra : 107 − 1011

Cilindro Horizontal
Esfera

Cilindro vertical Nu se analiza 0.387Ra 1/6 0.589Ra 1/4

Nu = {0.6 +
[1 + (0.559/Pr)9/16]8/27 }
2
como placa vertical. x=L Nu = 2 +
[1 + (0.469/Pr)9/16]4/9
T − T2 2 ∞ (−1)n+1 + 1 nπ x sinh(nπ y/W )
π∑
= sin

T1 − T2 n=1
n W sinh(nπH /W )

Tm+1,n + Tm−1,n + Tm,n+1 + Tm,n−1 − 4Tm,n = 0

dX ≈ Δx

dy ≈ Δy

∂Tm,n ΔTm,n Tm+1,n − Tm−1,n

≈ =

∂x Δx Δx
∂Tm+1/2,n ∂Tm−1/2,n Tm+1,n − Tm,n Tm,n − Tm−1,n
∂ 2Tm,n ∂x
− ∂x Δx
− Δx Tm+1,n + Tm−1,n − 2Tm,n
≈ ≈ =

∂x 2 Δx Δx Δx 2
∂ 2Tm,n Tm,n+1 + Tm,n−1 − 2Tm,n
≈

∂y 2 Δy 2

∂ 2Tm,n ∂ 2Tm,n
+ = 0

∂x 2 ∂y 2

Tm+1,n + Tm−1,n − 2Tm,n Tm,n+1 + Tm,n−1 − 2Tm,n

+ = 0

Δx 2 Δy 2
Tm+1,n + Tm−1,n − 2Tm,n Tm,n+1 + Tm,n−1 − 2Tm,n Tm+1,n + Tm−1,n + Tm,n+1 + Tm,n−1 − 4Tm,n
+ = = 0

Δx 2 Δx 2 Δx 2

πDN
γ· ≈