Relations and Formulae

 1  σ −σ
Dw  ∂  ∆P =σ  +
1
 = σ cos θ Y = sv sl
ρ = ρ  + w ⋅ div  w = − grad p + µ ∇ 2 w + k lv lv K
σ lv
Dt  ∂t   r1 r 2 

The non-dimensional form of the z

component (flow direction) of the
equation of motion for flow through
a duct

g β s 3 (Tw1 − Tw 2 )
 l  ρν 2 Re Gr =
Λp =  C f + ζ Re  2 ν 2

 dh  2 dh

dT dp ρ g R2 kT Λ
ρcp = + ε − div ( k grad T ) Bo = λ= Kn = Λ=
1
dt dt
σ 2 pσ L 2 nσ

 θ +θ 
FDriving = 2γ w sin  R L  ( cosθ R − cos θ L )
 2 

𝜖0 𝜖𝑟 1 1 1 ε 0ε d
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃0 + 𝑉2 ; = + ; σ eff
(U ) = σ − U2
2𝑑𝜎 𝐶𝑒𝑞 𝐶1 𝐶2 sl sl
2d

2
ds 1  ε 1 
Le (=Sc/Pr) = α/D, (α=k/ρcp) Ec/Re2 = ν2/(cp∆T d2), Ec = w /c ∆T =  − div q 
r p dt T  ρ ρ 

cosθW = r cos θ , cosθC = f cosθ + (1 − f) cosθ0

The volume and surface area of a spherical cap can be expressed as

𝜋 𝑎3
𝑉 (𝑎, 𝜃) = (2 − 3𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 𝜃)
3 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 𝜃

Where V is the volume of the droplet, a is the base (wetted) radius; R is the radius of the
entire spherical droplet and θ is the contact angle. The surface area can be expressed as
2 𝜋 𝑎2
𝑆 (𝑎, 𝜃) =
1 + cos 𝜃
 The flow rate in a tube

8µ LQ
∆P = 4
πR

The capillary pressure drop in presence of a surface tension variation is given by the
following relation, where A and R denote the advancing and receding ends of the droplet.

4 cos θ
=∆Pc (σ ) A − (σ ) R 
d 

ρ gL sin φ
∆Ph =

Pcap = γ lv K

Pl − Pv = −γ lv K − ∏

A B
=
−∏ =
6πδ 3
δ4