Introduction

r hg
h=
r+ hg

dp −g0
= dh
p RT

−(
RT )
g0
ρ p (h−h ) 1

= =e
ρ1 p1

1
κ=r +
πeAR
2
C D =C D , 0+ κ C L
4α
C L=
√M 2
∞ −1
2
16 α
2
C = 2
L
M ∞−1

( ( ))
2
4
t 2
C Dw = α +
√ M ∞−1
2 c

(C 2L √ M 2∞ −1
( ))
2
4 t
C Dw = +
4 √ M −1 c
2
∞

CL
E=
CD

In level flight, for minimum thrust, zero lift drag is equal to drag due to lift.
T
z= E
W m

Em =
( )
CL
CD max
=
1
2 √ κ CD, 0
; C ¿L =
3 C D ,0
κ √
V R=
√ √ 2W
ρS
4 κ
C D ,0
2
W 2 n
D= (u + 2 )
2 Em u
W
Dmin =
Em
 VR
V mp= 4 ; C L ,mp= √3 C L
¿

√3

Gliding Flight
1
γ min =
Em

Δh
Rmax =
2 √ κ C D ,0

V m =0.76 V R =
√ √
2W
ρS
4 κ
;C
3C D ,0 L, Min sink
= √3 C L
¿

√
3
2 W κ CD, 0
h s ,min =4
27 ρS

Range and Endurance

R=
2 √CL 2
c C D ρS √ W − W ;C =
C ¿L
[ √ 0 √ 1 ] L √ 3 ; V =√ 3 V R

Rmax =
VR
c
Em ln
( ) …Jet Aircraft
W0
W1

Rmax =
ηp
c
E m ln
( ) …Propeller Aircraft
W0
W1

*ηP = propeller efficiency

Rw =R +
E
c
V w ln
W0
W1 ( )
Turning Flight