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Earth Processes for Students

Endogenic processes are geological processes that occur beneath the Earth's surface and are driven by energy from within the planet. The two main endogenic processes are folding and faulting. Folding occurs when compressive forces cause rock layers to bend, and faulting involves fracturing and shifting of rock along fault lines due to tension or compression. Other important endogenic processes include volcanism, metamorphism, and earthquakes. Volcanism occurs when magma rises up through weaknesses in the crust caused by folding and faulting. Metamorphism is the transformation of rock under heat and pressure. Earthquakes are sudden vibrations within the Earth's crust that can be triggered by the movement of tectonic plates or mag

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96 views2 pages

Earth Processes for Students

Endogenic processes are geological processes that occur beneath the Earth's surface and are driven by energy from within the planet. The two main endogenic processes are folding and faulting. Folding occurs when compressive forces cause rock layers to bend, and faulting involves fracturing and shifting of rock along fault lines due to tension or compression. Other important endogenic processes include volcanism, metamorphism, and earthquakes. Volcanism occurs when magma rises up through weaknesses in the crust caused by folding and faulting. Metamorphism is the transformation of rock under heat and pressure. Earthquakes are sudden vibrations within the Earth's crust that can be triggered by the movement of tectonic plates or mag

Uploaded by

Larra Flores
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

STO.

DOMINGO NATIONAL TRADE SCHOOL


SUBJECT AREA: EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
S.Y. 2017-2018

LESSON II- EARTH MATERIALS AND PROCESSES


Topic: Geological Processes (Exogenic Processes or Denudation and Endogenic Processes)

What is Endogenic Process?


➢ Endogenic Processes are geological processes that occur
beneath the surface of the Earth.
➢ It is associated with energy originating in the interior of
the solid earth.
➢ The ground we live on is moving all the time.
➢ The Forces within the earth that cause the ground to
move are called ENDOGENIC FORCES. Faulting forms two major landforms – block mountains and
rift valleys.
How does Endogenic Process works?
➢ When the ground moves, Rock layers at the surface of Other Endogenic Processes (Subsequent)
the earth are broken, twisted and shaken. These are Endogenic Processes that are subsequent to the main
➢ Land is destroyed in many places and created in other ones.
places. • Volcanism (Volcanic Activity)
➢ When the land is shaped by Endogenic Forces we call • Metamorphism
this ENDOGENIC PROCESSES. • Earthquake (Seismic Activity)

Main Endogenic Processes 3. Volcanism


➢ VOLCANISM or magmatism (also known as volcanic
➢ The Main Endogenic Processes are FOLDING & activity or igneous activity)
FAULTING or Tectonic Movements. ➢ Magma beneath the crust is under very great pressure.
➢ They take place mainly along the plate boundaries, When folding and faulting occur, cracks or fractures
which are the zone that are not stable. which are lines of weakness are created.
➢ Endogenic processes cause many major landform ➢ When these lines of weakness develop downward in the
features. crust and reach the magma, they will release the
pressure in the magma.
1. FOLDING ➢ This allows magma to rise up along the lines of
➢ When two forces push towards each other from weakness and intrude into the crust. Some magma may
opposite sides, the rock layers will bend into folds. even reach the earth's surface and some don’t.
➢ The process by which folds are formed are due to
compressional forces known as folding. There are two types of Volcanism:
➢ There are large-scale and small-scale folds. Largescale Intrusive volcanism and Extrusive volcanism.
folds are found mainly along destructive plate
boundaries.

2. FAULTING
➢ Faulting is the fracturing and displacement of more
brittle rock strata along a fault plane either caused by
tension or compression.
➢ A break in rock along which a vertical or horizontal rock
movement has occurred is called a fault.
➢ The process of forming a fault is faulting.
➢ The line of fault which appears on land surface is known
as fault line.
➢ These lines are often lines of weakness which allow
molten rock to rise up onto the earth surface when
there is active volcanic activity nearby.

TYPES OF FAULTING
There are three types of fault which are caused by different
endogenic forces:
➢ Normal fault (Convergence)
➢ Reverse fault (Divergence)
➢ Tear fault (Transform)

4. Metamorphism

➢ Metamorphism is an endogenic process which occurs


when there is pressure and heat applied to geologic
structures which leads to the formation of
Metamorphic Rocks.
STO. DOMINGO NATIONAL TRADE SCHOOL
SUBJECT AREA: EARTH AND LIFE SCIENCE
S.Y. 2017-2018

5. Earthquakes
➢ An Earthquake or (Seismic Activity) is a sudden
shaking or vibration in the earth’s crust.
➢ When plates suddenly move past each other, the built-
up strain is released along the fault, and the rock
fractures.
➢ An earthquake also can be triggered by molten rock
moving up into the chamber of a volcano before
eruption.

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