How Animals Survive

(Circulation and Gas Exchange)

Content Standard

 The learners demonstrate an

understanding of circulation in the
internal transport system, and gas
exchange with the environment.
 Specific Learning Outcomes

 At the end of the lesson, the learners

will be able to:

1. Know the structure function

relationship in the various organ
systems
 2. Able to synthesize the various
functions of the organ systems
in the day-today activity of an
individual
 Used their knowledge of
physiological processes to
understand the different diseases
associated with the organ
systems
 QUESTION

Why do you think most

people consider the heart as
one of the busiest organ in
our body?
FACTS
Each day, your heart
pumps about 2,000
gallons of blood.
A woman’s average
heartbeat is faster than a
man’s by almost 8 beats a
minute
 Eating dark chocolate every
day reduces the risk of heart
disease by one-third
 Your heartbeat changes
and mimics the music you
listen to
 Worldwide, 17.3 million people die
each year from heart disease or stroke,
which accounts for 31% of all deaths
 Happiness and a strong sense
of emotional vitality helps
lower your risk of heart disease
 The Circulatory System
 Animals have evolved structures which
carry substances (circulatory fluid, e.g.
blood), pipes (blood and lymph vessels) and
a pumping organ (heart). Animals with
these structures either have an open or
closed circulatory system
 OPEN CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

 In an open circulatory system, blood is not

fully enclosed in a vessel and is pumped
out of the system via an exit called an
ostium to a space which surrounds tissues
called a sinus.
 THE CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
 Once the circulatory fluid has passed through
the capillaries, in order for diffusion to be
efficient, speed of movement of the circulatory
should decrease.
 THE CLOSED CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
STRUCTURE

1. Atrium- receives blood

2. Ventricle- pumps blood
3. Artery- transports blood away from
the heart, muscular
 STRUCTURE

 4. Vein- transports blood back to the heart, has

valves and thinner in structure
5. Capillary- exchange of substances, has very thin
walls
6. Venule - small vein
7. Arteriole- small artery
 a. The pulse is the wavelike force which is a
result of the pumping of blood through an
artery with decreasing diameter. As the
diameter of the artery decreases, the walls of
the artery stretch to accommodate the blood
that is passing through it.
 The heart has the ability to produce
its own electrical signal to stimulate
the contraction of the heart muscles.
 Systole- is the contraction phase of
the cardiac cycle
Diastole – is the relaxation phase of
the cardiac cycle
CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE - CAD

 is the narrowing or blockage of

the coronary arteries, usually
caused by atherosclerosis.