PRODUCT INFORMACTION INDEX DATE

Dep. 2
IC-G-D-30-003e B May 2008

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION GAS FUEL SPECIFICATIONS –

LANDFILL AND DIGESTER GAS

1. ANALYSIS OF FUEL GAS

For the characterization of the gas to be used as a fuel, it will be necessary to carry out a chemical analysis of the
same. Such an analysis will be made first in order to select the type of engine required and to check the gas
conformity with the specifications for its use as an engine fuel. Additionally, gas analysis shall be conducted
whenever harmful constituents are suspected to be present in the gas as well as from time to time as part of the
installation monitoring.

Below are the basic parameters of the fuel gas which need be checked, according to the gas origin.

1.1. ANAEROBIC DIGESTION GAS. LANDFILL AND DIGESTER GAS

Landfill and digester gases are the products of the anaerobic digestion (in the absence of oxygen) of organic
matter present in dump waste, sewage sludge and agricultural and food industries. Their composition will be
determined by analyzing at least the following parameters:

1. Description of the place where the analysis is conducted

2. Date/time of sampling
3. Date/time of analysis
4. Analysis procedures employed
5. Gas temperature and pressure
6. CH4 concentration (Vol %)
7. CO2 concentration (Vol %)
8. N2 concentration (Vol %)
9. O2 concentration (Vol %)
10. C2H6 concentration (Vol %)
11. C3H8 concentration (Vol %)
12. C4H10 concentration (Vol %)
13. C5H12 concentration (Vol %)
14. H2S concentration (ppm or mg/mn3)
15. Concentration of other sulfur compounds (ppm or mg/mn3)
16. Gas relative humidity at engine intake (%)
17. Concentration of halides (ppm or mg/mn3)
18. NH3 concentration de (ppm or mg/mn3)
19. Concentration of siloxanes (mg/mn3): at least TMOH, TMS, L2, L3, L4, D3, D4, D5
20. Concentration of BTEX (mg/mn3)
21. Concentration of solid particles (mg/mn3)

Additionally, where problems are suspected to take place due to the gas composition, the gas analysis should
include the following elements:

22. +C6 concentration (Vol %)

23. H2 concentration (Vol %)
24. CO concentration (Vol %)
25. Concentration of oils and tar (mg/mn3)

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 PRODUCT INFORMACTION INDEX DATE
Dep. 2
IC-G-D-30-003e B May 2008

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION GAS FUEL SPECIFICATIONS –

LANDFILL AND DIGESTER GAS

2. GUASCOR SPECIFICATIONS FOR FUEL GASES

2.1. LOWER HEAT VALUE

Lower heat values of anaerobic digestion gas may be within the following range:

− 23 / 30 MJ / mn3 equal to 5490 / 7165 Kcal / mn3: Digester gas

− 17 / 23 MJ / mn3 equal to 4060 / 5490 Kcal / mn3: Landfill gas
− 14 / 17 MJ / mn3 equal to 3350 / 4060 Kcal / mn3 : Lean landfill gas, only for SFGLD engines

As for engines with a mechanical carburetion system, the maximum permissible variation in the gas LHV is ±5%
with regard to the carburetion point. Greater variations would mean that carburetion must be readjusted.

Engines with an electronic carburetion system must be used where LHV variations can be as high as ±10%;
above this limit, the gas composition has to be continually monitored with an analyzer.

LHV variation in excess of 1%/min. absolute value shall not be allowed over time.

2.2. METHANE NUMBER

This type of gases, containing high CO2 concentrations, usually give high methane numbers.

2.3. SUPPLIED GAS CONDITIONS

In this respect, the following applies:

2.3.1. SUPPLIED GAS PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE

Since the acceptable gas pressure and temperature at the inlet to the engine depend on the carburetion system
the engine is equipped with, refer to the following Product Information documents for the applicable ranges:

- IC-G-D-30-006e: Engines with a TECJET 50 type electronic carburetion system

- IC-G-D-30-007e: Engines with a TECJET 50+ type electronic carburetion system
- IC-G-D-30-008e: Engines with a mechanical carburetion system
- IC-G-D-30-012e: Engines with a TECJET 110 type electronic carburetion system
- IC-G-D-30-015e: Engines with a ELEKTRA 50 type electronic carburetion system
- IC-G-D-30-016e: Engines with a ELEKTRA 85 type electronic carburetion system

2.3.2. GAS HUMIDITY

The gas relative humidity at the inlet to the gas ramp shall always be less than 80% and by no means shall water
be allowed to condense over the engine components. Therefore, we recommend that gas is fed to the engine at a
temperature exceeding the water dew point by at least 15ºC. As regards anaerobic digestion gases, the water
dew point should preferably be fixed at values below 283K when working in the recommended range of
temperatures.

2.3.3. OXYGEN IN GAS

For engines with a mechanical carburetion system, the maximum permissible quantity of oxygen (O2) in the gas is
2% vol. For higher values or fluctuations greater than ±1% in relation to the carburetion point, it will be necessary
to use engines with an electronic carburetion system and continuous monitoring of the gas composition by an
analyzer.

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 PRODUCT INFORMACTION INDEX DATE
Dep. 2
IC-G-D-30-003e B May 2008

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION GAS FUEL SPECIFICATIONS –

LANDFILL AND DIGESTER GAS

A greater oxygen content in the gas than specified indicates that the anaerobic process does not perform
adequately.

2.3.4. HYDROGEN IN GAS

The maximum permissible hydrogen (H2) content in a fuel gas is 12% vol. H2. Big concentrations of this element
are not usually found in this type of gases.

2.3.5. HIGHER HYDROCARBONS IN GAS

The maximum permissible quantity of C4+ hydrocarbons (butane and higher) shall not exceed 2% of the total gas
mixture volume. Big concentrations of these elements are not usually found in this type of gases.

2.4. CONTAMINANTS OF FUEL GAS

Listed below are the maximum permissible values of the contaminants that are normally found in the anaerobic
digestion gas used as fuel in GUASCOR engines. These values has the referenced to the LHV of the gas. The
stated limits may not be exceeded; neither are contaminants - other than those listed below - allowed in the fuel
gas.

2.4.1. SULFUR COMPOUNDS STATED AS H2S.

For GUASCOR engines, the maximum permissible limit of H2S equivalent* is set at:

− 70 mg / MJ ENGINES WITHOUT CATALYTIC CONVERTER

*: In order to calculate the H2S equivalent in other sulfur compounds, the mass of S present in the sulfur
compound may be taken as a basis for the mass of H2S, considering organic and inorganic compounds

For the calculation of the H2S concentration in the indicated units, (mg / MJ), it is necessary to know the gas LHV
in MJ / mn3. The following formula will be used:

Conc. (mg / MJ) = conc. (ppm) x 1.52 / LHV (MJ / mn3)

Or Conc. (mg / MJ) = conc. (mg / mn3) / LHV (MJ / mn3)

Example:

Measured concentration of sulfur compounds: 800 ppm

For a 22 MJ / mn3 LHV gas, the concentration in mg / MJ is:

Conc. (mg / MJ) = 800 (ppm) x 1.52 / 22 (MJ / mn3) = 55 < limit

For a 14 MJ / mn3 LHV gas, the concentration in mg / MJ is:

Conc. (mg / MJ) = 800 (ppm) x 1.52 / 14 (MJ / mn3) = 87 > limit

-
2.4.2. HALOGENATED COMPOUNDS ( F, Cl, Br, I ) STATED AS Cl

–
HF and HCl are the most harmful acids; therefore, their concentration is specified in mg of Cl equivalent / MJ
and the remaining constituents are considered as if they were chlorine, using the following equations:

Fluor = 2 Chlorine Bromine = 0.5 Chlorine Iodine = 0.25 Chlorine

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 PRODUCT INFORMACTION INDEX DATE
Dep. 2
IC-G-D-30-003e B May 2008

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION GAS FUEL SPECIFICATIONS –

LANDFILL AND DIGESTER GAS

Accordingly, for GUASCOR engines, the maximum permissible level of halides, expressed as chloride equivalent,
is set at:

-
− 3.5 mg Cl equivalent* / MJ ENGINES WITHOUT CATALYTIC CONVERTER

*: Organic and inorganic halides must be taken into consideration.

For the calculation of the Cl- concentration in the indicated units, (mg / MJ), it is necessary to know the gas LHV in
MJ / mn3. The following formula will be used:

Conc. (mg / MJ) = conc. (ppm) x 1.63 / LHV (MJ / mn3)

Or Conc. (mg / MJ) = conc. (mg / mn3) / LHV (MJ / mn3)

Example:

Measured concentration of halogenated compounds: HCl 20 ppm y HF 10 ppm

Concentration of Cl- equivalent: 20 ppm(HCl) + 2 x 10 ppm(HF) = 40 ppm(Cl-)

For a 22 MJ / mn3 LHV gas, the concentration in mg / MJ is:

Conc. (mg / MJ) = 40 (ppm(Cl-)) x 1.63 / 22 (MJ / mn3) = 3 < limit

For a 14 MJ / mn3 LHV gas, the concentration in mg / MJ is:

Conc. (mg / MJ) = 40 (ppm(Cl-)) x 1.63 / 14 (MJ / mn3) = 4.7 > limit

2.4.3. SILICON COMPOUNDS

GUASCOR has set the maximum permissible content of silicon in a fuel gas at:

− 0.2 mg / MJ * ENGINES WITHOUT CATALYTIC CONVERTER

In calculating the proportion of silicon in siloxanes, it is reasonable to take an average of 37% of silicon per total
siloxanes.

For the calculation of the silicon concentration in the indicated units, (mg / MJ), it is necessary to know the gas
LHV in MJ / mn3. The following formula will be used:

*: Given the difficulties in analyzing and quantifying the silicon compounds in a fuel gas (Contact GUASCOR for
information on reference laboratories), it is generally agreed that the silicon content in the oil of the engine should
not exceed 75 ppm during the contracted maintenance period of the engine concerned. Accordingly, this value
may also be deemed to be the maximum relative limit of silicon in the fuel.

Example:

Measured silicon compounds: 4 mg / mn3

For a 22 MJ / mn3 LHV gas, the concentration in mg / MJ is:

Conc. (mg / MJ) = 4 (mg / mn3) / 22 (MJ / mn3) = 0.19 < limit

For a 14 MJ / mn3 LHV gas, the concentration in mg / MJ is:

Conc. (mg / MJ) = 4 (mg / mn3) / 14 (MJ / mn3) = 0.29 > limit

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 PRODUCT INFORMACTION INDEX DATE
Dep. 2
IC-G-D-30-003e B May 2008

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION GAS FUEL SPECIFICATIONS –

LANDFILL AND DIGESTER GAS

2.4.4. AMMONIA (NH3)

For GUASCOR engines, the maximum permissible content of ammonia in the fuel gas is set at:

− 1.5 mg / MJ

For the calculation of the ammonia concentration in the indicated units, (mg / MJ), it is necessary to know the gas
LHV in MJ / mn3. The following formula will be used:

Conc. (mg / MJ) = conc. (ppm) x 0.76 / LHV (MJ / mn3)

Or Conc. (mg / MJ) = conc. (mg / mn3) / LHV (MJ / mn3)

Example:

Measured ammonia concentration: 30 ppm

For a 22 MJ / mn3 LHV gas, the concentration in mg / MJ is:

Conc. (mg / MJ) = 30 (ppm) x 0.76 / 22 (MJ / mn3) = 1 < limit

For a 14 MJ / mn3 LHV gas, the concentration in mg / MJ is:

Conc. (mg / MJ) = 30 (ppm) x 0.76 / 14 (MJ / mn3) = 1.6 > limit

2.4.5. RESIDUAL OILS AND TAR

Condensation is not allowed.

Consult GUASCOR about analysis methods.

2.4.6. SOLID PARTICLES

GUASCOR has established the following limits in connection with the presence of solid particles in fuel gas:

Maximum permissible particle size: 5 microns (μm)

Maximum concentration of particles 1 to 5μm in size:

− SFGLD / FGLD engines: 0.3 mg / MJ

For the calculation of the solid particle concentration in the indicated units, (mg / MJ), it is necessary to know the
gas LHV in MJ / mn3. The following formula will be used:

Conc. (mg / MJ) = conc. (mg / mn3) / LHV (MJ / mn3)

Example:

Measured solid particle concentration: 5 mg / mn3

For a 22 MJ / mn3 LHV gas, the concentration in mg / MJ is:

Conc. (mg / MJ) = 5 (mg / mn3) / 22 (MJ / mn3) = 0.23 < limit

For a 14 MJ / mn3 LHV gas, the concentration in mg / MJ is:

Conc. (mg / MJ) = 5 (mg / mn3) / 14 (MJ / mn3) = 0.36 > limit

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 PRODUCT INFORMACTION INDEX DATE
Dep. 2
IC-G-D-30-003e B May 2008

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION GAS FUEL SPECIFICATIONS –

LANDFILL AND DIGESTER GAS

3. SUMMARY TABLE

Symbol Parameter Limit value Engine/application Comments

3
23-30 MJ/mn All biogas engines Digester gas
Lower heat value 3
LHV 17-23 MJ/mn All biogas engines Landfill gas
3
14-17 MJ/mn SFGLD Lean landfill gas
<±5% Mechanical carburetion Readjust carburetion
ΔLHV LHV variation <±10% Electronic carburetion
>±10% Electronic carburetion
Continuous gas analyzer required
∇LHV LHV gradient <1% LHV/min Continuous gas analyzer

IC-G-D-30-006 Electronic carburetion TECJET 50

Supplied gas pressure and IC-G-D-30-007 Electronic carburetion TECJET 50+

P&T
temperature IC-G-D-30-008 Mechanical carburetion Zero pressure regulator and screw
IC-G-D-30-015 Electronic carburetion ELEKTRA 50

ϕ Gas humidity <80% All biogas engines No condensation

WetDewT Wet gas dew point >15º less than Tgas All biogas engines Recommended
WetDewT Wet gas dew point <283K All biogas engines Recommended

<2% vol. Readjust carburetion. Problems with

O2 Oxygen in gas Mechanical carburetion
<±1% carb. point anaerobic digestion

>2% vol. Continuous methane meter for automatic

O2 Oxygen in gas Electronic carburetion
>±1% carb. point setting of carburetion

H2 Hydrogen in gas <12% vol. All biogas engines

C4+ Higher hydrocarbons <2% vol. All biogas engines
H2S Hydrogen sulfide equivalent <70 mg/MJ W/o catalytic converter Total sulfur: H2S equivalent
-
Cl Chlorine equivalent <3,5 mg/MJ W/o catalytic converter F, Cl, Br, I organic and inorganic
Analyze: TMOH,TMS,L2,L3,L4,D3,D4,D5
Si Silicon and siloxanes <0,2 mg/MJ W/o catalytic converter
Besides, <75ppm of Si in engine oil
NH3 Ammonia <1,5 mg/MJ All biogas engines
Condensation not
Tar Oils and tar All biogas engines Condensable oil vapors
allowed
<5 μm All biogas engines
Dust Solid particles Larger size not allowed.
<0,3 mg/MJ (1-5μm) All biogas engines

Summary table of anaerobic digestion gas specifications for GUASCOR engines

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