REVIEWER IN READING AND WRITING

LESSON 1
PLANNING YOUR RESEARCH
A. WORK WITH A FAMILIAR SUBJECT
- A familiar subject is convenient for you as a researcher since you already have
insights and assumptions before starting your research.
B. TRY SOMETHING THAT PIQUES YOUR INTEREST
- It is okay to research something beyond your comfort zone; go for what your
curiosity leads you to.
C. BROWSE THROUGH AVAILABLE RESEARCH MATERIALS
- Once you have decided which narrowed-down research topic you would like to work
on, brainstorm on your available resources.

FINDING PRIMARY SOURCES

A. OBSERVATIONS
- Your observations must be descriptively and objectively written.
- Do not include personal biases, judgments, and presumptions.
B. INTERVIEW
- An excellent source of information.
- Information comes from experts from a particular field.

PLANNING AND SETTING UP THE INTERVIEW

 Know who you want to interview for research.
 Schedule an interview.
 Keep in mind that you are asking a favor from the interviewee.
 Be prepared with questions beforehand.
 It is acceptable to come up with new additional questions beforehand, but make
sure that the main and important ones will not be forgotten.
 Too many follow-up questions can lengthen the time of the interview and might
not even help in your paper.

NOTETAKING
 Be ready with a pen, paper, and a tape recorder. The tape recorder is for those
little details that the interviewee would say you might not be able to jot down.
  inform the interviewer that you will be using a tape recorded so that he/she will be
aware.
 During the interview, do more listening than notetaking.
 Focus on how something is said more than what.
 Take note of the interviewee’s gestures, how he/she responds to the questions, and
how he/she dresses up.

FINDING SOURCES IN THE LIBRARY

A. DEWEY DECIMAL SYSTEM (DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION)
- It is a Library system that organizes books and other resource materials.
- It comprises ten classes, or subjects, to facilitate ease of organization of the books.

B. ENCYCLOPEDIAS AND DISCIPLINARY GUIDES

- Contains general information and offers the most important details of a given subject.

C. BOOKS, PERIODICALS, NEWSPAPERS, AND MAGAZINES

- Teachers and critics prefer books since they have been edited and previewed multiple
times before publication; hence, they are highly reputable.

D. USING INTERNET RESOURCES

- A very convenient way of getting information by only clicking.

When using the internet as a source of information, check for the following:
1. URL
2. Author
3. Detailed Info, accuracy, and grammar
4. Timeliness
PLAGIARISM
- Consciously and unconsciously copying someone’s work and claiming the copy as
your own without due citation.
 TYPES OF PLAGIARISM
A. DIRECT PLAGIARISM
- Is the verbatim copying of any part of your source material to your own research
paper, without including quotation marks, in-text citations, and a bibliography.

B. SELF-PLAGIARISM
- Using your previous work, or a combination of the words you used in your previous
works, and passing it to your instructor as a new submission, without the knowledge
of all instructors involved in your previous and current submissions.

C. MOSAIC PLAGIARISM
- It is also called “patchwriting.” This means the author attempts to paraphrase a source
into his/her paper but maintains the original syntax or sentence structure.

D. ACCIDENTAL PLAGIARISM
- As the name suggests, it is done unintentionally. While there is an attempt to
paraphrase, summarize, and quote, in-text citation and bibliography are still mainly
forgotten usually due to carelessness.

APA CITATION GUIDE

BASIC FORMAT
Author. Date published. Title. Publisher
Example: Murray, D.M. (2005). Write to Learn. 8th Edition. Boston, Massachusetts: Thomson
Wadsworth

QUOTING
- It is the acknowledgment of any idea taken from another source by placing selected
passages inside quotation marks, and providing a bibliographic entry at the end of the
paper for ever quote used in your text.
LESSON 2

PROJECT PROPOSALS
- are documents that are written for problem solving, service provision, event planning,
or equipment selling.

PARTS OF A PROJECT PROPOSAL

INTRODUCTION
- This part provides the background necessary for understanding the project.

 RATIONALE
- This identifies the problem to be addressed and shows the need to solve it.

 OBJECTIVES
- These reveal what the project intends to achieve in terms of results.

 BENEFITS
- These show what the reader or the target audience can gain from the proposal, which
may be improvements in processes or systems, an increase in revenue, or change in
behavior of the beneficiaries of the proposal.

PROJECT DESCRIPTION
- This section gives specific information about the project itself.
- It indicates how the project will address the identified problem.

 METHODOLOGY
- This details the different activities the project will take on, including the man power
and resources to be utilized, and the expected output.
 SCHEDULE
- This discusses the task duration and expected start and end dates of each activity in
the project.
 BUDGET
- This represents an analysis of all the costs anticipated in the project, which can be
itemized or shown as a whole, depending on the needs of the project.
GUIDELINES IN WRITING A PROJECT PROPOSAL
 GATHERING DATA
- A proposal needs concrete data to back up its claims so it can become more credible.
- You can gather data from primary and secondary sources, and apply the strategies that
you learned in writing a research paper in the previous lesson.
 ORGANIZING DATA
- A proposal becomes more effective if the information on it is clearly organized.
- You can use the parts of the proposal to guide you in your organization, or use an
outline to structure your discussion more effectively.
 WRITING THE PROPOSAL
- Once you have gathered and organized the data, draft your proposal by filling out the
parts of the proposal with the relevant data.
 REVISING THE PROPOSAL
- Make sure to review your proposal for accuracy and organization before you send it
out.
- A good project proposal will be comprehensive and will put your organization in the
best light.