Gravitropism < Gravitropism is a coordinated process of differential growth by a plant in response to gravity pulling on it. It also occurs in fungi. Gravity can be either "artificial gravity” or natural gravity. It is a general feature of all higher and many lower plants as well as other organisms. WikipediaEutrophication < Eutrophication is the process by which an entire body of water, or parts of it, becomes progressively enriched with minerals and nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. It has also been defined as "nutrient-induced increase in phytoplankton productivity". WikipediaHow do you calculate change in breathing rate? One complete breath comprises one inhalation when the chest rises, followed by one exhalation when the chest falls. To measure the respiratory rate, count the number of breaths for an entire minute or count for 30 seconds and multiply that number by two.Blood Pressure in Arteries, Veins and Capillaries As blood travels through the blood vessel, it exerts a force on the walls of the vessel. The force per unit area is the blood pressure and it is measured by using a device called a sphygmomanometer, which reads the pressure during systole (contraction of the ventricle) and diastole (relaxation of the ventricle) at the aorta. Blood pressure varies within the different types of blood vessels. Blood pressure is highest within the large arteries (such as the aorta) because they are connected directly to the ventricle of the heart. As the blood vessel splits from the small arteries and into the arterioles, there is a drop in blood pressure. This drop occurs because there is an increased ratio of surface area to volume, which ‘means that the blood is in contact with more blood vessel surface area. This slows down the velocity of the blood within arterioles and thus drops the pressure. This happens because arterioles connect directly to capillaries, which are very thin blood vessels that cannot withstand a high pressure. As the blood travels though the capillaries slowly, exchange of nutrients and waste products takes places. The blood then empties into the venules, small veins and eventually into the laraer veins and the vena cava. Pressure end flow velocity within veins is low due to their structure and due to theWhat is blood? Blood, by definition, is a fluid that moves through the vessels of a circulatory system. In humans, it includes plasma (the liquid portion), blood cells (which come in both red and white varieties), and cell fragments called platelets. « Plasma is the main component of blood and consists mostly of water, with proteins, ions, nutrients, and wastes mixed in. ¢ Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide. + Platelets are responsible for blood clotting. ¢ White blood cells are part of the immune system and function in immune response. Cells and platelets make up about 45% percent of human blood, while plasma makes up the other 55% percent. The diagram below shows red blood cells, white blood cells of different types (large, purple cells), and platelets.Cell membrane Cytoplasm Chloroplast