RIZAL
left it.
LESSON 10
RIZAL’S HOMECOMING
DECISION TO RETURN HOME
- Rizal returned after 5 years in August
1887.
- His enemies who resented his Noli,
persecuted and threatened him.
 Rizal was warned not to return home by:
a. Paciano
b. Silvestre Ubaldo
c. Jose M. Cecilo (Chengoy)
d. Other friends
 Rizal was determine for the following
reasons:
a. To operate on his mother’s eyes
b. To serve his people who had long been
oppressed by Spanish tyrants
c. To find out for himself how the Noli and
his other writings were affecting Filipino
Spaniards in the PH
d. To inquire why Leonor Rivera remained
silent.
- June 29, 1887, in Rome, he wrote to his
father that he is coming home:
o “On the 15th of July, I shall embark
for our country, so that from the 15th
to the 30th of August, we shall see
each other.”
DELIGHTFUL TRIP TO MANILA
- Rizal left by train for Marseilles.
- July 3, 1887:
o boarded Djemnah, enroute via Suez
Canal
o Played chess with other pax
- July 30, 1887:
o Transferred to Haiphong, Manila
bound
- August 2, 1887
o Haiphong left Saigon for Manila
ARRIVAL IN MANILA
- August 5, 1887
o Haiphong arrived in Manila.
o Found manila the same as when he
HAPPY HOMECOMING
- August 8, 1887:
o Returned to Calamba
o His family welcomed him
o However his family was worried for
his safety.
 Paciano and his father did
not want to leave him and let
him go out alone.
- Calamba
o Established a medical clinic.
o His first patient was his mother who
was almost blind.
 He treated his eyes but could
not perform any surgical
operation because her eye
cataract was not yet ripe.
- Doctor Uliman
o Rizal was came to be called Doctor
Uliman because he came from
Germany and treated their ailments
and soon he acquired a lucrative
medical practice.
o His professional fees were
reasonable even gratis to the poor.
- Rizal’s Earnings
o As a Physician, he was able to earn
P900
o By February 1888, he earned a total
of P5000 ad medical fees.
- Rizal did not selfishly devote all his time
to enrich himself as he:
a. Opened a gym and introduced
European sports
b. Tried to interest his townmates in
gymnastics, fencing, and shooting to
discourage cockfighting and gambling.
- Rizal suffered one failure:
o Failure to see Leonor Rivera.
 His parents forbade him
because Leonor’s mother did
not like him for a son-in-law.
  Rizal bowed his parent’s wish
He was caught within the
custom of his time that
marriages must be arranged
by the parents of both group
and bride.
STORM OVER THE NOLI
- As rizal was peacefully living in Calamba,
his enemies plotted his doom. A few weeks
after his arrival, a storm broker over his
novel.
- Governor General Emilio Terrero
o Sent Rizal a letter requesting him to
come to Malacanang Palace.
o Someone had whispered to the
governor’s ear that the Noli
contained subversive ideas.
o Rizal denied the charge as he just
merely exposed the truth but he did
not advocate subversive ideas.
o Emilio Terrero asked for a copy but
Rizal had no copy because the only
copy he brought home was given to
a friend.
- Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez, Fr. Jose
Bech, and Fr. Federico Faura were glad to
see him
o Fr. Faura ventured an opinion that
everything in it was truth but he
added you may lose your head for it.
- Governor General Emilio Terrero was liberal
minded and knew that Rizal’s life was in
jeopardy because the friars were powerful.
o He found nothing wrong about Noli.
- Don Jose Taviel de Andrade
o A young Spanish Lieutenant
assigned by Gov. Gen. Terrero as
Rizal’s body guard.
o Could speak Spanish, English, and
French.
- The report of Noli
o Msgr. Pedro Payo, the Archbishop of
Manila sent a copy to Fr. Rector
Gregorio Echavarria of UST for
examination by a committee of the
faculty.
 The committee was
composed of Dominican
Professors
o The report was submitted to Fr.
Rector, thus, transmitted it to
Archbishop Payo.
 The report stated that Noli
was heretical, impious, and
scandalous in the religious
order, and anti-patriotic
subversive of public order,
injurious to the
government of Spain and
its function in the
Philippine Islands in the
political order.
o Gov. Gen. Terrero was dissatisfied
with the report for he knew that they
were prejudiced against Rizal.
 He sent the novel to the
Permanent Commission of
Cencorship (composed of
priests and laymen).
o The report was drafted by Fr.
Salvador Font, the Augustinian cura
of Tondo, and submitted to Gov.
Gen. on December 29.
 Found that novel to contain
subversive ideas against the
church and Spain and
recommended that the
importation, reproduction,
and circulation of this
pernicious book in the
islands be absolutely
prohibited.
 With Fr. Fonts report of the
censorship commission,
Rizal and his friends became
apprehensive and uneasy.
 Hence, the banning of Noli
served to make it popular as
everybody wanted to read it.
o What the hated Spanish masters did
not like, the oppressed masses liked
very much. Many Filipinos were able
to get hold of copies of the noli
which they read at night behind
closed doors.

ATTACKERS OF NOLI
- The battle over Noli took the form of virulent
war of words.
- Fr Font printed his report and distributed
copies to discredit the controversial novel.
 Fr. Jose Rodriguez
o An Augustinian and Prior of
Guadalupe that published 8
pamphlets under the general
heading: “Cuestiones de Sumo
Interes”/Questions of Supreme
Interest to blast Noli and other
Spanish writings.
 These were sold daily in the
churches after mass.
 Many Filipinos were forced to
but in order not to displease
the friars, but they did not
believe that their author said
with hysterical fervor.
o Questions of Supreme Interest:
(1) Porque no los he de leer?
 Why should I not read them?
(2) Guardaos de ellos. Porque?
 Beware of them. Why?
(3) Y que me dice usted de la
peste?
 And what can you tell me of
plague?
(4) Porque triunfan los impios?
 Why do the Impious
Triumph?
(5) Cree usted que de versa no
has purgatorio?
 Do you think there is really
no purgatory?
(6) Hay o no hay infierno?
 Is there or is there no hell?
(7) Que le parece a usted de esos
libelos?
 What do you think of these
libels?
(8) Confesion o condenacion?
 Confession or Damnation?
- The storm over Noli reached Spain.
o Attacked on the session halls of the
Senate of Spanish Cortes by various
senators, particularly:
a. Gen. Jose Salamanca
on April 1, 1888
b. Gen. Luis M. de Pando
on April 12, 1888
c. Sr. Fernando Vida on
June 11, 1888.
d. Gen. Luis M. de Pando
on April 1, 1888
e. Sr. Fernando Vida on
June 11, 1999.
o Vicente Barrantes bitterly criticized
Noli in an article in La Espana
Moderna (a newspaper in Madrid in
January 1890).
DEFENDER OF NOLI
- The Noli had galland defenders:
a. Marcelo H. del Pilar
b. Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor
c. Graciano Lopez Jaena
d. Mariano Ponce
e. And other Filipino reformists in foreign
lands.
- Fr. Sanchez
o Rizal’s favorite teacher
o Defended and praised it in public.
- Don Segismundo Moret
- Dr. Miguel Morayta
- Prof Blumentritt
o Read and liked the novel.
 Rev. Vicente Garcia
o A brilliant defense of Noli.
o A Filipino Catholic priest-scholar, a
theologian, and a tagalog translator
of the famous Imitation of Christ by
Thomas Kempis.
o Under the penname Justo
Desiderio Magalang
 He wrote a defense of the
Noli which was published in
Singapore as an appendix to
a pamphlet dated July 1888.
- Fr. Vicente Garcia blasted the arguments
of Fr. Jose Rodriguez
(1) Rizal cannot be an ignorant man as Fr.
Rodriguez alleged because he was a
graduate of Spanish universities and
was a recipient of scholastic honors.
(2) Rizal does not attack the Church and
Spain as Fr. Rodriguez claimed,
because what Rizal attacked in the Noli
were the bad Spanish officials, and not
Spain and the bad corrupt friars and not
the Church.
(3) Fr. Rodriguez said that those who read
the Noli commit a mortal sin; since he
had read the novel, therefore he also
commits a mortal sin.
- Rizal cried because his gratitude was
overwhelming.
- All copies of it were sold out and the price
per copy soared to unprecedented level.
- Both friends and enemies found it difficult to
secure a copy.
- According to Rizal in a letter to Fernando
Canon from Geneva, on June 13, 1887:
o The price he set per copy was five
pesetas = 1 peso
o The price later rose to 50 pesos per
copy.
RIZAL AND TAVIEL DE ANDRADE
- Rizal was not molested in Calamba
because of Gov Gen Terrero’s assigned
bodyguard Don Jose Taviel de Andrade.
- Rizal and Andrade enjoyed fencing,
shooting, hunting, painting, and hiking.
- What marred their happy days were:
(1) The death of Olimpia
(2) The groundless tales circulated that he
was a German spy and agent of
Bismarck, a Protestant, a Mason, a
witch, a soul beyond salvation, etc.
CALAMBA’S AGRARIAN TROUBLE
- Gov. Gen. Terrero influenced by certain
facts in Noli, ordered a government
investigation of the friar estates to remedy
whatever iniquities might have been present
in connection with lad taxes and with tenant
relations.
 Calamba Hacienda
- One of the friar estates that was affected.
- Owned by the Dominican order since 1883.
- On December 30, 1887, the Civil Governor
of Laguna Province directed the municipal
authorities to investigate the agrarian
condition of their locality.
- Calamba solicited Rizal’s help in gathering
the facts.
- On January 8, 1888, the findings were:
(1) The hacienda of the Dominican order
compromised not only the lands around
Calamba, but also the town of Calamba
(2) The profits of the Dominican order
continually increased because of the
arbitrary increase of the rentals paid by
the tenants
(3) The hacienda owner never contributed a
single centavo for the celebration of
town fiesta, education, and improvement
of agriculture.
(4) Tenants who had spent much labor in
clearing the lands were disposed of said
land for flimsy reasons.
(5) High rates of interest were charged the
tenants for the delayed payment of
rentals, and when the rentals could not
be paid, the hacienda mgt. confiscated
their carabaos, tools, and home.
FAREWELL TO CALAMBA
- Rizal’s exposure of the deplorable
conditions of tenancy in Calamba infuriated
his enemies.
- They asked Gov. Gen. Terrero to deport
him but he refused because there was no
valid charge against Rizal in court.
- Threats against rizal were received by his
parents.
- The alarmed parents, relatives, and friends,
including Lt. Taviel de Andrade advised him
to go away for his life was in danger.
- He could not disobey the governor general’s
order. He was compelled to leave Calamba
for 2 reasons:
(1) His presence was jeopardizing the
safety and happiness of his family and
friends.
(2) He could fight better his enemies and
serve his country’s cause with greater
efficacy by writing in foreign countries.
A POEM FOR LIPA
 “Himno Al Trabajo”
- His friend from Lipa requested him to write a
peom in commemoration of the town’s
elevation to a villa by virtue of the Becerra
Law of 1888.
LESSON 11
RIZAL IN HONGKONG AND MACAO
TRIP TO HONGKONG
- Rizal was forced to leave the PH for the
second times because of his enemies.
- He was 27 years old then.
- February 3, 1888:
o After his 6 month stay in Clamba,
he left Manila for Hong Kong
o On board the: Zafiro
o He was sick and sad during the
crossing of the choppy China Sea.
o He did not get off his ship when they
stopover at Amoy on February 7 for
3 reasons:
 (1) He was not feeling well
 (2) It was raining hard,
 (3) He heard that the city was
dirty.
- February 5, 1888:
o He arrived in Hong Kong.
- February 16, 1888:
o Rizal wrote a letter to Blumentritt
expressing his bitterness
o Return to Europe by way of Japan
and the US.
o Stayed in Victoria Hotel
o Welcomed by the Filipino residents:
 Jose Maria BAsa
 Balbino Mauricio
 Manuel Yriate (Son of
Francisco Yriate, alcalde
mayor of Laguna)
 Jose Sainz de Veranda
- Former secretary of Gov. Gen Terrero that
shadowed Rizal’s movement in Hongkong.
- He was a spy commissioned by the
Spanish authorities.
VISIT TO MACAO
- February 18, 1888
o Accompanied by Basa
o Boarded Kiu-Kiang for Macao
o He was surprised to see Sainz de
Veranda.
o Macao is a Protuguese colony
while Hong Kong is a British
Colony
- February 19, 1888
o Returned to HK through Kiu-Kiang
EXPERIENCES IN HONG KONG
- Rizal studied Chinese life, language, drama,
and customs.
- Wrote down the following:
(1) Noisy celebration of the Chinese New
Year.
o Lasts from February 11th (Saturday)
to 13th (Monday).
o Cont. firecrackers
o The richer the Chinese, the more
firecrackers exploded.
o Rizal fired many firecrackers at the
window of his hotel
(2) Boisterous Chinese theatre, with noisy
audience and noisier music. In the
Chinese dramatic art, he observed:
o A man astride a stick means a man
riding on horseback
o An actor raising his leg means he is
entering a house
 o A red dress indicates wedding
o A girl about to be married coyly
covers her face with a fan even In
the presence of her fince
o A man raising a whip signifies he is
about to ride a hourse.
(3) The marathon lauriat party
o Guests served numerous dishes like
fried fruits, geese, shrimps, century
eggs, shark find, bird nests, white
ducks, chicken with vinegar, fish
heads, roasted pigs, tea, etc.
o The longest meal in the world.
(4) The Dominican Order was the richest
religious order in Hong Kong.
o Engaged actively in business
o Own more than 700 houses for rent
and many shares in foreign banks
o Had millions of dollars deposited in
the banks which earned fabulous
interests.
(5) Hong Kong cemeteries (protestants,
catholics, and muslims)
o Protestants was the most beautiful
because of its well groomed plants
and clean pathways
o Catholic cemetery was most
pompous with its ornate and
expensive mausoleums and
extravagantly carved sepulchers.
o Muslim cemetery was the simplest,
containing only a little mosque and
tombstones with Arabic inscriptions.
DEPARTURE FROM HONGKONG
- Arrived: February 5,1888
- Left: February 22, 1888
- On board the Oceanic
o American Steamer
o Destination: Japan
- His cabinmate was a british protestant
missionary who had lived in China for 27
years and knew Chinese very well. Rizal
called him a good man.
LESSON 12
RIZAL IN JAPAN AND AMERICA
JAPAN
- Arrived in Yokohama on February 28,
1888.
- Stayed at Grand Hotel
- Proceeded to Tokyo.
o He lived in the Spanish legation (the
official HQ of a minister in the
diplomatic service) for a month.
- Visited provinces, learned Japanese, etc.
- He said to Blumentritt: “Tokyo is bigger than
Paris.”
- The vast walls are built in cyclopean
character and the streets are wide.
RIZAL’S OBSERVATION OF JAPAN
- Beauty of the country
o Plants and flowers are along the
streets
o Mountains covered with snow
o Sakura (Cherry Blossoms) were on
its peak season
o Streams flowing with crystal water
o Rivers and lakes have various type
of fish
o Have great gardens
o Japanese women in Kimono
o Seeing a guest’s needs are
important part of serving as host
o A gift is customarily taken along and
presented as an expression of the
giver’s respect and good will.
o Seasonal gifts are important to their
culture.
o Greeting of politeness: BOW
o There are few thieves in Japan.
Houses remained open
o Few beggars
o House are very clean and have
plenty of fresh air and sunlight
o Japanese are very happy, no fights
are seen in the streets
- Rizal was disgusted to see men pulling
rickshaws like horses.

RIZAL’S ROMANTIC INTERLUDE WITH O-SEI-
SAN
 O-Sei-San
- Seiko Usui
- Called her O-Sei_san, her pet name
- Rizal’s romance with O-Sei-San started in
early spring on March, 1888 when he
entered a dept store in Yokohama to buy
something.
- Asked the lady if she knew how to speak
English.
- She was also fluent in French.
- O-Sei-San invited him to a Tea Ceremony
(Cha-no-yu)
o A Japanese customary social
tradition which signifies harmony,
reverence, purity, and tranquility.
- April 1888:
o Boarded Belgic
 English Steamer at
Yokohama
 Bound for USA
RIZAL IN AMERICA
- Belgic docked at San Francisco Port.
o Due to a strict quarantine, he and
others were not allows to disembark
till May 4, 1888.
o It was placed under quarantine
because of racial prejudice.
o The ship carried 643 Chinese
Coolies (unskilled laborers).
 They were not allowed to
enter USA because white
laborers were being
displaced
- Stayed in Palace Hotel
o Payed $4 a day with bath and
everything.
- Market Street
o The best street
- After staying in San Francisco, he left for
Oakland.
o Took an overland train, a railroad
sleeping car (Pullman) and passed
Sacramento, Reno, Ogden, Omaha,
Chicago, and Albany bound to New
York City.
- New York
o Arrived on a Sunday Morning
o Called the “big town”
o Visited the monument of George
Washington.
- May 16, 1888
o left NYC for Liverpool
o on board City of Rome
 2nd biggest boat in the world.
- Defects:
o A negro cannot marry a white
woman nor a white man a negress.
 Jose Alejandro
- His brief sojourn in Brussels who was
studying in Belgium
- He asked: What impressions do you have of
America?
- “America is the land par excellence of
freedom but only for the whites.”
LESSON 13
RIZAL IN LONDON, BRUSSELS, AND MADRID
RIZAL IN LONDON
- Rizal left for London and lived there from
May 1888 to March 1889
o To copy, study, and made
annotation of Dr. Antonio de
Morga’s: Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas
o “Events in the Philippine Islands”
o A rare copy of which he heard to be
available and kept in the British
Museum for people to know their
past history.
- Believed that London was a safe and better
place for him to fight Spanish injustices.
- Stayed at the residence of Dr. Antonio Ma.
Regidor
o Exile of 1872
o A law practitioner
- Moved to a boarding place No. 37 Charcot
Crescent, Primerose hill
- Boarder in the house occupied by Mr.
Beckett
o Organist of St. Paul’s Cathedral
- Dr. Reinhold Rost
o Librarian of the India Office
o Authority on Malayan Customs and
Languages.
o Impressed with Rizal’s manners and
called him Una Perla de Hombre (A
Pearl of a Man)
GOOD AND BAD NEWS
 DISTURBING NEWS:
(1) Exile of his brother-in-law, denied for a
Christian Burial
(2) Arbitrary arrest and imprisonment of
Laureano Viado
o Sto. Tomas medical student
o Found in possession of a copy of
Noli Me Tangere
o The continued Calamba Agrarian
problem of the tenants were being
persecuted by the Spanish
Authorities
- Early in September, he was in the French
capital to search the Bibliotheque
Nacionale for any old book in the PH.
- Juan Luna and his wife tendered him with a
party
- December 11
o Rizal made flying trip of 12 days to
Madrid and Barcelona to survey the
conditions among his countrymen in
Spain.
o He met for the 1st time, Mariano
Ponce and Marcelo H. del Pilar
(Pillars of the La Solidaridad and the
Propaganda Movement).
o Exchanged ideas about the PH and
the 2 promised to cooperate on the
struggle for reforms.
CHRISTMAS IN LONDON
- Rizal spent his Christmas with the Beckett
Family in Primerose Hill, Gertude.
- One of the girls was getting infatuated wiith
him but he was still faithful to Leonor Rivera.
- To make her forget him, he left London for
Paris in the middle of March 1889.
RIZAL’S WRITING IN LONDON
- Annotated Antonio Morga’s work
- Wrote articles for La Solidaridad
- Wrote La Vision de Fray Rodriguez
o Where he demonstrated his
knowledge of religion and his style in
satire.
 “Letter to the Young Women of Malolos”
o Requested by Marcelo H. del Pilar
o To praise the young women of
Malolos for their courage and
determined effort to establish a
school where they could learn
Spanish.
o Important Points:
(1) Filipino mothers should teach
their children love of God,
country, and fellowmen.
(2) Filipino mathers should be glad
and honored like Spartan
mothers, to offer their sons in the
defense of their country.
(3) Filipino women should know how
to protect their dignity and honor
(4) Filipino women should educate
themselves, aside from retaining
their good racial virtues.
(5) Faith is not merely reciting
prayers and wearing religious
pics, rather, It is living the real
Christian way with good morals
and good conduct.
- Dr. Rost
o Specialized on Asian Studies and
Culture & editor of Trubner’s Record
o Requested Rizal to contribute to:
(1) Specimens of Tagal Folklore
 Dealt with Filipino Proverbs
(2) Two Eastern Fables
 Dealt with a comparative
study of PH and Japanese
Folklore.
- January 12, 1889
o Asosacion Hispano-Filipina
  Rizal and other Filipinos and
Spanish friends organized
this organization in Madrid.
 Objective: work for the
needed reforms with the
Propaganda movement
 President: Don Miguel
Morayta
 Secretary: Dr. Dominador
Gomez
 Biblio Nationale
- The reading room where Rizal spent most
of his time checking up the accuracy on his
annotations of Morga’s book for Filipinos to
know the past of their country.
- Attended a lecture on Oriental culture in the
University of Paris with Dr. Trinidad H.
Pardo de Tavera.

 La Solidaridad
- An organ of the propaganda to neutralize
the false malicious and defamatory articles
designed to injure the reputation of the
Filipinos written by Spanish decrators and
mercenaries.
- Graciano Lopez: editor of the Propaganda.
- Rizal’s Penname:
o Dimasalang
o Laong Laan

IN PARIS

- Arrived 2 months before the opening of the

International Exposition to commemorate
French Independence.
- Proposed an International Association of
Filipinologist
o President: Ferdinand Blumentritt
o Secretary: Jose Rizal
o Plan: holding of a congress of
Filipinologists as a feature of the
exposition. But the French gov’t
limited the number of international
conferences.
- Organized societies of Filipino in Paris:

(1) Kidlat Club

o To bring young Filipinos in the
French capital to enjoy their stay
during the international exposition.
(2) Indios Bravos
o Taught its member to be proud of
being a Filipino and with intense
desire to catch the attention of the
Spaniards and win their
administration and respect.