Chapter 9
tallest in Gemany STUTTGART BADEN
RIZAL’S TOUR OF EUROPE WITH VIOLA
After the Noli was printed in Berlin, Rizal planned
to visit the important places in Europe. Rizal
received Paciano’s remittance of P1,000. He paid
Dr. Maximo Viola P300 for Rizal loaned so that the
Noli could be
printed. Having paid his debt, and with enough
funds in his pocket, Rizal accompanied by Viola,
was ready to see Europe before returning home to
Calamba.
Words in red are the places they visited.)They
visited first Potsdam, a city near Berlin, which
Frederick the Great made famous.
Dresden, one of the best cities in Germany.
Teschen(now Decin, Czechoslovakia)
Leitmeritz(Litomerice), Bohemia
Here at Leitmeritz, RIZAL MET BLUMENTRITT FOR
THE FIRST TIME. Blumentritt is an old Austrian
professor. Rosa, his wife, Dolores, Conrad and
Fritz, Blumentritt’s children.Prague, here they
visited:
* the TOMB OF COPERNICUS (the famous
astronomer)
* the MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY
* the BACTERIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES
* the FAMOUS CAVE WHERE SAN JUAN
NEPOMUCENO, (the Catholic saint) was
imprisoned
* and the bridge where the saint was hurled
into the river Brunn, according to Viola, nothing
happened in this city.
VIENNA (capital of Austria-Hungary), known as the
“Queen of Danube”, famous in songs and stories
Danubian Voyage (Danube river cruise)Lintz
Salzburg
MUNICH, they stopped here for a short time for
the famous Munich beer, best in Germany
NUREMBERG, one of the oldest cities in Germany
ULM, the cathedral of this city was the largest and
RHEINFALL, they saw the waterfall, the most
beautiful waterfall in Europe
Scaffhausen, Switzerland Bassel Bern Lausanne
Lemon Lake Geneva, the Swiss city, one of the
most beautiful cities in Europe languages spoken
by the people of Geneva: * French * German *
ItalianJune 13 -- Viola returned to Barcelona –
Rizal continued the tour to Italy Turin, Milan,
Venice, Florence. Rome, the ETERNAL CITY and
also called City of Caesars. Vatican, the City of the
Popes, the capital of Christendom*Rizal wrote to
Blumentritt, “I am tired as a dog, but I will sleep as
a god.”*After a week of wonderful tour in Rome,
he prepared to return to the Philippines
CHAPTER 11 BACK TO CALAMBA, 1887 – 88
Decision to Return Home-. After the publication of
the NOLI ME TANGERE and the uproar it caused
among the anti –Filipino elements, Rizal was
warned by Paciano(his brother), Silvestre Ubaldo
(his brother-in- law), Chenggoy (Jose M.
Cecilio),and other friends not to return home. But
he did not heed their warning. He was determined
to return to the Philippines for the following
reasons:
(1) to operate onhis mother’s eyes;
(2) to serve his people who had long been
oppressed by SpanishTyrants;
(3) to f ind out for himself how the Noli and
his other writings were affecting Filipinos and
Spaniards in the Philippines: and
(4) to find out why Leonor Rivera had
remained silent.
In a letter to Blumentritt, written in Geneva on
June 19, 1887, Rizal said:“ Y o u r a d v i c e t h a t I
liveinMadridandcontinuetowritef
r o m t h e r e i s v e r y benevolent, but I cannot
accept i t . I cannot endure the l i fe in Madrid
where everything is a voice in the wilderness.” My
parents want to see me, and I want to see them
also. All my life I desire to live in my country by the
side of my family. Until now I am not Europanized l
ike the Filipinos of Madrid; I always l ike to return
to the country of my birth.”I n R o m e , o n J u n e
29,1887,Rizalwrotetohisfather,
a n n o u n c i n g h i s homecoming. “On the 15th
of July, at the latest,” he wrote, “I shall embark for
our country, so that from the 15th to the 30th of
August, we shall see each other.”Delightful Trip to
Manila. Rizal left Rome by train for Marseilles, a
French port, which he reached without mishap.
On July 3 , 1887 , he boarded the steamer
Djemnah, the same steamer which brought him to
Europe five years ago. There w e r e a b o u t f i f t
ypassengers,including4English,2
G e r m a n s , 3 C h i n e s e , 2 Japanese, and
many Frenchmen.
Arrival in Manila.Rizal’ s voyage from Saigon to
Manila was pleasant.
On August 3, 1887 the moon was full, and he slept
soundly the whole night. The calm sea illumined
by the silvery moonlight was a magnificent sight
to him. On August 6 th he arrived in Manila. He
disembarked shortly after nine o’ clock that night.
He stayed in the city for a short time to visit his
friends. He found Manila the same as when he left
it five years ago. There were the same old
churches and buildings, the same holes in the
roads, the same boats on the Pasig River, and the
same hoary
walls surrounding the city
Happy Homecoming. On August 8th , the two days
after his arrival in Manila, he reached Calamba.
His family welcomed him affectionately, with
plentiful tears of joy. Paciano did not leave him
during the first days after arrival to protect him
from enemy assault. His own father would not let
him go out alone, lest something might happen to
him. I n C a l a m b a , R i z a l e s t a b l i s h e d a m
edicalclinic.His
f i r s t e x p l o i t a s a physician was the
successful operation on his mother sightless eyes.
News of the successful operation spread far and
wide. Patients from Manila and the provinces
flocked to Calamba.
Rizal, who came to be called “Doctor Uliman”
because he came from Germany. His professional
fees were reasonable, even gratis to the poor.
Within a few months, he was able to earn P900 as
a physician. Rizal opened a gymnasium for young
folks, he introduced European sports. He t r i e d t
ointeresthistownmatesin1.gymna
stics,2.fencingand3.shootingsoas
to
discourage the cockfights and gambling.
Storm over the “Noli.”A few weeks after his arrival,
a storm broke over his novel. One day Rizal
received a letter from Governor General Emilio
Terrero to come to Malacañang.
Somebody had whispered to the governor’ s ear
that the novel contained subversive ideas. He
denied it, explaining that he merely exposed the
truth, but he did not advocate subversive ideas.
Governor-general asked the author for a copy of
Noli so that he could read it. Rizal had no copy
because the only copy he brought home was given
to a friend. Rizal visited Fr. Francisco Sanchez, Fr.
Jose Bech, and Fr. Federico Faura. He had a
spirited discussion with them about the Noli, and
Father Faura ventured an opinion that “everything
in it was the truth,” but added: “You may lose your
head for
it.”R i z a l ’ s l i f e i s w a s i n j e o p a r d y b e c a
usethefriarswerepowerful.For
security, he assigned a young Spanish lieutenant,
Don Jose Taviel de Andrade, as bodyguard of Rizal
belonged to a noble family. He was cultured and
knew painting, and he could speak English,
French, and Spanish. Governor-general Terrero
read the Noli and found nothing wrong in it. The
Archbishop of Manila, Msgr. Pedro Payo (a
Dominican), sent a copy of the Noli to F a t h e r R
ectorGregorioEchavarriaofthe
UniversityofSantoTomasfor
examination by a committee of the faculty. This
report of the faculty members of the University of
Santo Tomas stated that the Noli was “heretical,
impious, andscandalous in the religious order, and
anti-patriotic, subversive of public order, injurious
to the government of Spain and its function in the
Philippine Islands in the political order.
Governor-General Terrero was sent the novel to
the Permanent Commission of Censorship which
was composed of priests and laymen. The report
of this commission was drafted by its head, Fr.
Salvador Font, Agustinian cura of Tondo.It found
the novel to contain subversive ideas against the
Church and Spain, and recommended “that the
importation, reproduction and circulation of this
pernicious book in the
Islands be absolutely prohibited.”Despite the
government prohibition and the vigilance of the
cruel Guardian Civil many Filipinos were able to
get hold of copies of the Noli which they read at
night behind closed doors. Thanks to Governor-
General Terrero, there were no mass
imprisonment or mass execution of
Filipinos. He refused to be intimidated by the
friars who clamored for positive repressive
measures against people caught reading the novel
and vindictive action against its author.
Chapter 12 HONGKONG, MACAU & JAPAN 1888
Rizal leaving the Philippines for the Second Time
Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was forced to
leave his country for the second time in 1888. He
was 27 years old, a practicing physician, and a
recognized man of letters. After six months of
staying in the Philippines Rizal left via the steamer
Zapiro bound for Hong Kong.
Amoy – the first stop over of the ship Rizal did not
get off the ship for the following reasons: He was
not feeling well,
It was raining hard &
He heard that the city is dirty.
Hong Kong A British colonyRizal stayed in Victoria
Hotel He met Jose Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio,
Manuel Yriarte(son of the alcalde mayor in
Calamba)
According to Rizal in his letter to Blumentritt, is a
small, but very clean city. Many Portuguese,
Hindus, English, Chinese and Jews. There are some
Filipinos exiled in Marianas Islands since 1872,
they were former financiers and rich but now
poor, gentle and timid.
Rizal’s Visit to Macau, A Portuguese colony near
Hong Kong. Rizal together with Basa boarded a
ferry named Kiu-Kiang going to Macau.
Jose Sainz de Varanda – among one of the
passengers
Don Juan Francisco Lecaros – a Filipino gentleman
who is married to a Portuguese lady. Rizal and
Basa stayed in his house for two days while they
were in Macau.
During Rizal’s two week vacation in Hong Kong, he
studied Chinese life, language, drama and customs
and found out the following which he wrote in his
diary: The celebration of the Chinese New Year
was quite very noisy due to the continuous
explosion of firecrackers on the streets. The lauriat
party, wherein the guests were served a variety of
dishes, shows lavishness and hospitality among
the Chinese. The Dominican Order, the richest
religious order in Hong Kong, had millions of
dollars deposited in various banks earning very
high interests. The graveyards for Catholics,
Protestants and Muslims were well maintained.
DEPARTURE FROM HONGKONG
February 22, 1888 – Rizal left HongkongOceanic –
an American steamer, his destination was Japan
nths ago
Chapter 13 RIZAL IN JAPAN -The Land of the
Cherry Blossoms
Rizal left Hong Kong on board of the Oceanic, an
American steamer on his way to Japan.He arrived
in Yokohama, Japan and stayed for one day in
Grand Hotel.
Rizal in Tokyo- After spending a day in Yokohama,
Rizal went to Tokyo and stayed in Tokyo Hotel for
five days. Tokyo Hotel- where Rizal stayed from
March 2-7 in Japan Rizal’s letter to Blumentritt.
Tokyo is more extensive than Paris. The walls are
built in cyclopean manner. The streets are large
and wide
JUDO – Japanese art of self defense KABUKI –
Japanese drama play
Juan Perez Caballero – secretary of the Spanish
legation visited him in the hotel inviting him to
stay in the Spanish legation. Knowing that it is a
plot to monitor him, Rizal accepted the offer for
the following reasons:
REASONS WHY HE ACCEPTED CABALLERO’S
PROPOSAL
He could economize his living expenses
He had nothing to hide from the prying eyes of
the Spanish authorities. He and Caballero became
good friends.
In Japan, Rizal was embarrassed because he did
not knew how to speak Niponggo (Japanese
Language)He was mistaken as an Europeanized
Japanese because he looks like a Japanese and yet
speaks in different tongue.
Rizal’s Impression of Japan The scenic beauty of
the country. The cleanliness, politeness and
industry of the Japanese people. The picturesque
dress and simple charm of the Japanese women.
There were few thieves in Japan. Beggars are
rarely seen in the city streets.
Rickshaw– a popular mode of transportation
which he did not like in Japan.
Rizal and O-Sei-San A samurai’s daughter of 23
years old and had never experienced true
love.Usui – San, her father; a store owner A
woman of beauty, charm, modesty and
intelligence. Speaks French and English
When Rizal first introduced himself to her, he took
of his hat as a sign of respect ( A German
custom)O-Sei-San – was more than Rizal’s
girlfriend for she was his guide, interpreter and
tutor. She improved his knowledge of
the Japanese language She eases the pain left by
Leonor Rivera.
Rizal and Osei – San are both theatre addicts. They
attended some kabuki plays such as;
SendaihagiManjiro Nakahama Chushingura
Rizal fell greatly in-love with O-Sei-San that he was
tempted to leave the Philippines and settle down
in Japan. He was offered a job in the Spanish
Legation Paciano – wrote to him reminding him of
his duty and why he left the Philippines in the first
place.
Rizal left Japan via the ship Belgic, an English
steamer in Yokohama bound for United States.It
ended 45 days of his unforgettable stay in Japan
and his relationship with O-Sei-San.
O-Sei-San after Rizal’s departure
Alfred Charlton – became the husband of O-Sei-
San in 1897, one year after Rizal was executed.He
was a British teacher of chemistry in Peers’ School
in Tokyo.They had a daughter named Yuriko, who
married a son of a Japanese senatorSeiko-Usui
died in 1947 at age 80 and was buried beside her
husband.
SAYONARA JAPAN April 13, 1888 – Rizal left Japan
boarded in Belgic, an English steamer bound for
United States Tetcho Suehiro – a fighting Japanese
journalist, novelist, champion of human rights,
who was forced by
the government to leave Japan. He met a semi-
Filipino family – Mr. Reinaldo Turner and his wife
Emma Jackson, their children and maid from
Pangasinan.
Tetcho Suehiro Became a member of the Japanese
Imperial Diet (Parliament)Wrote to novels:Nankai-
no-
Daiharan(Storm Over the South Sea) – 1891
resembling Noli Me TangereO-unabara (The Big
Ocean) – 1894 – resembling El Filibusterismo
Died in 1896 at age 49 due to heart
attack.Advocates of Freedom Rizal Tetcho Suehiro
Chapter 14 . Via the steamer Belgic, Rizal arrived
in San Francisco, USA on April 28, 1888.
2 agencies that certified Belgic is free from cholera
epedemic: The America consul of Japan The
British government of Hongkong
Cholera – raging epidemic in the Far East
according to the Americans All passengers are
quarantined for safety Rizal was surprised because
there is no outbreak of the disease in the Far East,
thus he joined other passengers in protest.
643 Chinese coolies boarded the ship the coolies
from China were displacing white laborers in
railroad construction camp. But Rizal was
questioning how come 700 bolts of silk were
unloaded without fumigation. After a week Rizal
together with other first class passengers were
permitted to land. But the Japanese and the
Chinese and passengers belonging to the second
and thirds class remained aboard.
Rizal stayed in Palace Hotel (then a first class
hotel) in San Francisco He stayed there for two
days GROVER CLEVELAND- was the president
when Rizal visited the United States
LELAND STANFORD – the founder and benefactor
of the Stanford University was then a senator
representing California.
GEORGE WASHINGTON – one of the great men of
new York whom visited his memorial. The 1st
president of the US.
Oakland – first stop via ferryboat Via train
Sacramento – where he ate his supper 75cents
and slept at his couch. Reno, Nevada – where he
had his breakfast
Utah – where he saw Mormons, thickly populated
Colorado – a lot of snow and pine trees
New York – which he considers a big city Where
he stayed for three days He left the United States
for Liverpool, London on board the City of Rome,
the second largest ship in the world. Great Eastern
– largest ship in the world during his time.
Nebraska – Omaha City, as big as San Francisco
Missouri River – twice as big as Pasig River
Chicago – a lot of Indians in cigar stores Albany –
where he saw the Hudson River
RIZAL GOOD IMPRESSIONS OF AMERICA
Material progress of the country as shown in its
cities, farms, and industries The drive and energy
of the Americans
The natural beauty of the land The high standard
of living
The opportunities for better life offered to poor
immigrants. RIZAL BAD IMPRESSIONS OF AMERICA
Non-existence of true civil liberty, as Negro cannot
marry an American and vice versa.
The existence of racial prejudice as shown in their
hatred of the Chinese, Japanese and Negroes. The
valuing of money over human life
Lack of racial equality
The land par excellence of freedom but only for
the whites. Rizal said this to Jose Alejandrino, an
engineering student form Belgium
Chapter 15 LIFE AND WORKS IN LONDON(1888-
89)
Stay in London Lived in London May 1888 to Mar.
1889 3 REASONS WHY HE STAYED THERE:
To improve the his knowledge of the English
Language.
To study and annotate Morga’s Sucesos de Las
Islas Filipinas

London was a safe place for him to carry on his
fight against Spanish Tyranny Filipiniana studies.
Completing annotating Morga’s books Wrote
many articles in La Solidaridad Penned Young
Women of Malolos Had
romance with Gertrude Beckett
Trip Across the Atlantic Made friends in his
Atlantic voyage Amazed some American and
European passengers Had a chat with newspaper
men but became disappointed Arrived on
Liverpool May 24, 1888“Liverpool is a big and
beautiful city and its celebrated port is worthy of
its great fame. The entrance is magnificent and
the custom house is quite good.”
You Life in London
Went to London May 25, 1888. Stayed as a guest
at Dr. Regidor’s home Became a boarder at the
Beckett’s by the end of May Was called “Pearl of
Man” by Dr. Reinhold Rost Played Cricket and
Boxing with Dr. Rost’s sons.
Good and Bad News from Home Bad News
Persecution of the Filipino patriots who signed the
“Anti-friar Petition of 1888”Persecution of
Calamba tenants Furious attacks on Rizal by
Senator Salamanca and Vida in the Spanish Cortes
and by Desengaños (Wenseslao E. Retana) and
Quioquiap (Pablo Feced) in Spanish newspapers
Rizal’s brother-in-law, Manuel Hidalgo was exiled
in Bohol Laureano Viado, his friend was arrested
and jailed because copies of Noli were found in his
house
Good and Bad News from Home Good News. Rev.
Vicente Garcias’ defended Noli against the attacks
of the friars. Content of the letter We young
Filipinos are trying to make over a nation and
must not halt in our onward march, but from time
to time turn our gaze upon our elders. We shall
wish to read in their countenances approval of our
actions. We are anxious to learn of the Philippines’
past which we need to understand in order to plan
intelligently for the future. We want to know all
that our ancestors knew, and then add our own
studies to theirs. Thus we shall progress the faster
because we can go on from where they left off.
Annotating Morga’s books Spent many days in the
reading room of the British Museum reading
Morga’s books and old stories of the Philippines
Wrote a letter to Blumentritt on Sept. 17,
1888Mariano Ponce urged him to edit a
newspaper but refused
Short Visit to Paris and Spain September 1888 he
visited Paris for a weekEntertained in a gay French
Metropolis by Juan Luna and his wife He returned
to London Dec. 11, 1888 he went to Spain Met
Marcelo H. del Pilar and Mariano Ponce
Christmas in London Rizal returned to London on
Dec. 24, 1888 and spent his Christmas and new
year ‘s day with the Becketts. He sent a gift to
Blumentritt and Dr. Carlos Czepelak Received a gift
from Mrs. Beckett
Rizal becomes leader of Filipinos in Europe Chosen
to be honorary president Wrote a letter of thanks
adressed to the members of Asociacion La
Solidaridad on Jan. 28, 1889Letter content When
defeated never surrender Great deal of integrity
and much good will
Rizal and the La Solidaridad paper,
GRACIANO LOPEZ founded La Solidaridad on
Feb.15,1889 at Barcelona Marcelo H. del Pilar
about their newspaper Rizal congratulated Lopez
Jaena and the associates and wrote articles
Mar. 25, 1889- Published First Article in La
Solidaridad Los Agricultores Filipinos (The Filipino
Farmers) Depicted the deplorable conditions in
the Philippines which cause the backwardness of
the country. The Filipino farmers has to struggle
not only against petty tyrants and robbers. Against
the first, defense indeed was permitted; against
the latter not always… After the floods, locusts,
fires, bad harvests, and the like the farmer
capitalist has to deal with constable who takes
away from his laborer s for personal service, some
public works repair of roads, bridges and others;
with the civil guards who arrests them for various
reasons sometimes for not carrying with them
their personal cedulas (certificates) for not
saluting properly,
First Article in La Solidaridad For being suspicious
persons or for no reason whatsoever, and they
manacle them to clean the barracks and thus
compel the capitalist to live on better terms with
the chief and, if not, they take away his carabaos,
oxen, inspite of many protests. At times it is not
the constable or the civil guard who
opposes so indirectly the minister of colonies. An
official of the court or the provincial government,
dissatisfied with the farmer, urgently summons
this or that laborer, if not two or three. The
unfortunate man underyakes a trip of two or three
days, uneasy and distrustful, spends his savings,
arrives, presents himself, waits, returns the next
day and waits, finally to be asked a frown and the
look of a judge, abstruse and unknown things. He
is lucky if he comes out free from questioning, for
not infrequently after it, he is sent to jail from
which he comes out lateras stupid as before.
Writings in London La Vision del Fray Rodriguez
(The vision of Fray Rodriguez)Published at
BarcelonaLetter to the Young Women of Malolos
M.H. del Pilar Praise the young ladies of Malolos
for their courage to establish a school where they
could learn spanish despite the opposition of Fr.
Felipe Garcia, Spanish parish priest of Malolos. A
Filipino mother should teach her children love of
God, fatherland, and mankind Filipino mother
should be glad, like the Spartan mother Filipino
woman should know how to preserve her dignity
and honor Filipino woman should educate herself,
aside from retaining her good racial virtues; Faith
is not merely reciting long prayers and wearing
religious pictures, but rather it is living the real
Christian way, with good
morals and good manners.
Writings in London Specimens of Tagalog Folklore
Two Eastern Fables Requested by: Dr. Rost
Romance with Gertrude BeckettGertrude
BeckettBuxom English girl with brown hair, blue
eyes, and rosy cheeksEldest of the three sisters
Fell in love with Rizal helped him in his painting
and sculpture“Gettie”Rizal finished 4 sculptures
Promotheus Bound The Triumph of Death over
Life, The Triumph of Science over Death
Composite carving of the heads of the Beckett
sisters
Adios London Rizal’s sculptural works Prometheus
Bound The Triumph of Death over LifeThe Triumph
of Science over Death Carving of the heads of the
3 Beckett sisters March 19, 1889 - he leaved
London
Chapter 16 IN GAY PARIS, 1889 - 90
After his trip to London, he move to PARIS. Timely
there is an International Exposition being held at
Paris.
Rizal’s roommates (a) Captain Justo Trinidad –
former gobernadorcillo & a refugee from Spanish
tyranny; (b) Jose Albert – young student from
Manila.
In his spare hours, he used to dine at the house of
the De Taveras:
1) DR.TRINIDAD PARDO DE TAVERA –
physician by vocation and philologist by avocation.
2) DR.FELIX PARDO DE TAVERA – also a
physician by vocation and an artist & sculptor by
avocation.
3) PAZ PARDO DE TAVERA – wife of Juan
Luna.
4) DON JOAQUIN PARDO DE TAVERA – an
exile of 1872 who escape from Marianas & lived in
France.
MR.EDWARD BOUSTED - was born in the Phil., the
son of a rich French businessman of Singapore,
and had married a daughter of prominent Genato
family of Manila.
Two attractive daughter
1. Nellie – a fencer
2. Adelina – quiet, dignified & refined
He carried his artistic hobbies and made two
statues1. The Beggar 2. The Maid with a Baker –
sent to Blumentrit together with an artistic wallet
(PETACA) made of Philippine vine.
TWO CLUBS FOUNDED BY RIZAL1. Kidlat Club 2.
Indios Bravos
Kidlat Club – special club form in order to organize
Fils. In the French country Members: Antonio &
Juan Luna, Lauro Dimagiba
TWO SATIRICAL WORK OF RIZAL La Vision de Fray
Rodriquez PorTelepono TWO MAGNIFICENT
PROJECT OF RIZAL IN PARIS1.
1. International Association of Filipinologist
2. Modern Filipino College in
HongkongInternational Association of
Filipinologist– association that aim to study the
Philippines from the scientific and historical piont
of view.
OFFICERS OF INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF
FILIPINOLOGIST
President: Dr. Ferdinand Blumentritt (Austrian),
Vice President : Mr. Edmund Plauehul(French)
Counsellor : Dr. Reinhold Rost(Anglo-German),
Counsellor : Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor(Filipino-
Spanish) & Secretary : Dr. Jose Rizal (Filipino)
Modern Filipino in Hongkong– a college that aims
to train and educate men of good family and
financial means in according with the demands of
modern times and circumstances.
MR. CUNANAN- who promised Rizal to help him
raise money as initial capital for the
college.P40,000 – amount needed as capital for
the college.
PorTelepono– another satirical work of Rizal that
is a reply to fr. Salvador Font, who mastermind the
banning of his Noli. – was published in booklet
form in Barcelona, 1889. – it describes in anical
vain Father Salvador Font and a friar in the San
Agustin Convent in Manila. Dimasalang – pen
name used by Rizal in writing Por Telepono.
Adelina Boustead – another romance of Rizal in
Paris. Antonio Luna – a dashing man of violent
passions who is madly in love with Nelly (Adelina’s
sister)
Mir Deas– Spanish newspaperman who was
writing articles against Filipinos. Reasons that Rizal
marriage did not prosper
:1. Adelina was not sure he loved her because of
his broken engagement
2. Rizal refused to accept the condition that
he will become a protestant like her
3. Adelina’s mother opposed the match
because Rizal was not rich enough to support a
family in style.
Chapter 17-RIZAL IN BRUSSELS, 1890
January 28, 1890 – Rizal left Paris for Brussels,
capital of Belgium. Two reasons:
1. The cost of living in Paris was very high
because of the international exposition, and
2. The gay social life of the city hampered his
literary works especially the writing of his second
novel El Filibusterismo.
LIFE IN BRUSSELS In Brussels, Rizal was busy
writing his second novel which was a continuation
of Noli.
He was never idle even for an hour. Aside from
writing its chapter he wrote articles for La
Solidaridad and letters to his family and friends.
Being a physician, he spent part of his time in the
medical clinic. For recreation, he had gymnastics
at the gymnasium at target practice and fencing at
the armory.
RIZAL’S ARTICLES IN LA SOLADARIDAD We have
stated before that Rizal favored Lopez Jaena’s
founding of La Solidaridad in order to have an
organ of the propaganda. He used two pen names
Dimasalang and Laong laan.
RIZAL’S ARTICLES IN LA SOLIDARIDAD
La Verdad Para Todos (The Truth for All), Verdades
Nuevas (New Truths), UnaProfanacion (A
Profanation),
Diferencias (Differences),
Filipinas dentro de ClenAños (The Philippines A
Century Hence), IngratitudesSin Nombre (Without
Name),
Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la LenguaTagala (On
the New Ortography of the tagalog Language),
Cosas de Filipinas (Things about the Philippines),
Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos (On the
Indolence of the Filipinos)
RIZAL CRITICIZES MADRID FILIPINOS FOR
GAMBLING In Brussels, Rizal received news from
Juan Luna,and Valentin Ventura that the Filipino in
Spain were destroying the good name of their
nation by gambling too much. These two
compatriots in Paris urged him to do something
about it. Accordingly, Rizal
wrote too M.H Del Pilar on May28, 1890 to
remind the Filipinos in Madrid that they did not
come to Europe to gamble, but to work for their
father land’s freedom. The gambling Filipinos in
Madrid were angry when the learned of Rizal’s
moralizing. Thereafter, they called Rizal “Papa”
(Pope) instead of “Pepe”.
BAD NEWS FROM HOME Letters from home which
Rizal receive in Brussels, worried him. The
Calamba agrarian trouble was getting worse. The
management of the Dominican hacienda
continually raised the land rents until such time
that Rizal’s father refused to pay his rent. Other
tenants, inspired by Don Francisco’s
courage, also refused to pay their rents.
Meanwhile, the tenants, including the Rizal family,
were persecuted and ejected from their lands. The
sad news from home depressed Rizal. His heart
bled to know the sorrowful plight of his parents,
brother and brothers-in-law.
PRESENTATION OF DEATH-In his moment of
despair, Rizal had bad dreams during the nights in
Brussels when he was restless because he was
always thinking of his unhappy family in Calamba.
Although he was not superstitious, he feared that
he would not live long. He was not afraid to die,
but he wanted to finish his second novel before he
went to his grave.
PREPARATION TO GO HOME In the phase of
suffering which afflicted his family, Rizal decided
to go home. He could not stay in Brussels writing a
book while his parents, relatives, and friends in
distant Philippines were in despair. Hearing that
Graciano Lopez Jaena was planning to go to Cuba,
he wrote to Ponce on July 8, 1890, opposing
Graciano’s plan of action. He said that Graciano
should not go to Cuba to die of yellow fever,
instead he ought to go the Philippines to allow
himself to be killed in defence of his ideals.
ON TO MADRID, INSTEAD OF HOME Rizal did not
heed the dire warnings of his friends. No threat of
danger could change his plan. Something,
however, happen that suddenly made him change
his mind. It was a letter from Paciano which
related that the loss the case against the
Dominicans in Manila, but they appealed it to the
Supreme Court in Spain. Rizal wrote to M.H. Del
Pilar on June 20, 1890, retaining the latter’s
services as lawyer. He was going to Madrid in
order to supervise the handling of the case.
“TO MY MUSE” (1890)It was against a background
of mental anguish in Brussels, during those sad
days when he was worried by family disasters,
that he wrote his pathetic poem, A Mi. . . This
poem lacks the exquisitry of To The Flowers of
Heidelberg and is less polished than to To the
Filipino Youth, but it is passionate in feeling.
ROMANCE WITH SUZANNE JACOBY-Two things
brought some measure of cheer to the
despondent Rizal as he was preparing for his trip
to Madrid. - The summertime festival of Belgium -
His romance with Suzanne Jacoby Like other
woman,
Segunda Katigbak, Miss L
Leonor Orang Valenzuela, Leonor Rivera,
Seiko Usui (O-Sei-San) Gertrude Gettie Becket,
Consuelo Ortiga y Perez, and the Bousted sisters
Suzanne Jacoby-fell in love with Rizal. She cried
when he left toward the end of July, 1890 for
Madrid, stopping for a few days in Paris.